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Hướng tới việc lắp ráp một divisome tối thiểu
Tóm tắt
Việc xây dựng một tế bào tối thiểu không thể giảm thiểu, có đầy đủ các thuộc tính thiết yếu của một hệ thống sống là một trong những thách thức lớn nhất mà sinh học tổng hợp phải đối mặt. Một nhiệm vụ phổ biến mà mọi hệ thống sống đều thực hiện là phân chia vỏ tế bào. Do đó, việc lắp ráp một công cụ phân tử cơ bản, mặc dù đầy đủ, hỗ trợ cho việc phân chia ngăn, là một bước quan trọng hướng tới việc hiện thực hóa các tế bào nhân tạo tự sinh sản. Nhìn lại bản chất phân tử của các hệ thống phân chia tế bào có thể là tổ tiên, có thể là thô sơ hơn, có thể giúp xác định một divisome tối thiểu. Dựa trên một con đường tiến hóa khả thi của các cơ chế phân chia từ các túi lipid đơn giản dẫn đến sự sống hiện đại, chúng tôi xác định hai cách tiếp cận để tái tạo phân chia trong các tế bào nguyên thủy: con đường protein biến dạng màng và con đường tổng hợp lipid. Sau khi xác định các protein và cơ chế hoạt động có thể tham gia vào việc thay đổi hình dạng màng, chúng tôi thảo luận về cách mà các protein này có thể được tích hợp vào khung xây dựng của một tế bào tối thiểu có thể lập trình, dựa vào sự biểu hiện gen bên trong các liposome. Hệ thống tổng hợp protein sử dụng các yếu tố tái tổ hợp (PURE), một hệ thống biểu hiện gen tối thiểu đã được tái tạo, có thể coi là nền tảng tổng hợp đa dạng nhất. Là bước đầu tiên hướng tới việc tổng hợp de novo một divisome, chúng tôi đã chỉ ra rằng protein miền N-BAR được sản xuất từ gen của nó có thể lắp ráp lên bề mặt bên ngoài của các liposome và định hình màng thành các cấu trúc ống. Cuối cùng, chúng tôi thảo luận về những thách thức còn lại cho việc xây dựng một tế bào tối thiểu tự sinh sản, đặc biệt là việc ghép nối máy phân chia với quá trình mở rộng thể tích và sao chép genome.
Từ khóa
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