Total carbon and benzo(a)pyrene in particulate matter over a Polish urban site – A combined effect of major anthropogenic sources and air mass transport

Alam, 2014, Investigating PAH relative reactivity using congener profiles, quinone measurements and back trajectories, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2467, 10.5194/acp-14-2467-2014 Alves, 2017, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives (nitro-PAHs, oxygenated PAHs, and azaarenes) in PM2.5 from Southern European cities, Sci. Total Environ., 595, 494, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.256 Bisht, 2015, Aerosol characteristics at a rural station in southern peninsular India during CAIPEEX-IGOC: physical and chemical properties, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 22, 293, 10.1007/s11356-014-3836-1 Błaszczyk, 2017, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bound to outdoor and indoor airborne particles (PM2.5) and their mutagenicity and carcinogenicity in Silesian kindergartens, Poland, Air Qual. Atmos. Health, 3, 389, 10.1007/s11869-016-0457-5 Crilley, 2015, Sources and contributions of wood smoke during winter in London: assessing local and regional influences, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3149, 10.5194/acp-15-3149-2015 Draxler, 1998, An overview of the HYSPLIT 4 modeling system of trajectories, dispersion, and deposition, Austral. Meteorol. Mag., 47, 295 Feng, 2009, Characteristics of organic and elemental carbon in PM2.5 samples in Shanghai, China, Atmos. Res., 92, 434, 10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.01.003 Fountoukis, 2016, Simulating the formation of carbonaceous aerosol in a European Megacity (Paris) during the MEGAPOLI summer and winter campaigns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3727, 10.5194/acp-16-3727-2016 Friedman, 2012, Long-range atmospheric transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a global 3-D model analysis including evaluation of arctic sources, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 9501, 10.1021/es301904d Friedman, 2014, Assessing the influence of secondary organic versus primary carbonaceous aerosols on long-range atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon transport, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 3293, 10.1021/es405219r Galarneau, 2008, Source specificity and atmospheric processing of airborne PAHs: implications for source apportionment, Atmos. Environ., 42, 8139, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.07.025 Gelencser, 2007, Source apportionment of PM2.5 organic aerosol over Europe: primary/secondary, natural/anthropogenic, and fossil/biogenic origin, J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos., 112 Gianelle, 2013, Benzo(a)pyrene air concentrations and emission inventory in Lombardy region, Italy, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 4, 257, 10.5094/APR.2013.028 Gilardoni, 2011, Sources of carbonaceous aerosol in the Amazon basin, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2747, 10.5194/acp-11-2747-2011 He, 2017, Particle dry deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its risk assessment in a typical coal-polluted and basin city, northern China, Atmos Pollut Res., 10.1016/j.apr.2017.04.008 Healy, 2012, Sources and mixing state of size-resolved elemental carbon particles in a European megacity: Paris, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1681, 10.5194/acp-12-1681-2012 Ho, 2006, Variability of organic and elemental carbon, water soluble organic carbon, and isotopes in Hong Kong, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4569, 10.5194/acp-6-4569-2006 Hu, 2012, Seasonal variation and source apportionment of PAHs in TSP in the atmosphere of Guiyang, Southwest China, Atmos. Res., 118, 271, 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.07.015 Knorr, 2016, Air quality impacts of European wildfire emissions in a changing climate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5685, 10.5194/acp-16-5685-2016 Lammel, 2015, Long-range atmospheric transport of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons in worldwide problems – results from measurements at remote sites and modelling, Acta Chim. Slov., 62, 729, 10.17344/acsi.2015.1387 Lewandowska, 2010, Elemental and organic carbon in aerosols over urbanized coastal region (southern Baltic Sea, Gdynia), Sci. Total Environ., 408, 4761, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.06.017 Li, 2017, Composition and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cryoconites of the Tibetan Plateau glaciers, Sci. Total Environ., 574, 991, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.159 Liu, 2016, Source apportionment and dynamic changes of carbonaceous aerosols during the haze bloom-decay process in China based on radiocarbon and organic molecular tracers, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2985, 10.5194/acp-16-2985-2016 Lohmann, 2004, Adsorptive and absorptive contributions to the gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: state of knowledge and recommended parametrization for modeling, Environ. Sci. Technol., 14, 3793, 10.1021/es035337q Medigo, 2016, Traffic tracers in a suburban location in northern Spain: relationship between carbonaceous fraction and metals, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 23, 8669, 10.1007/s11356-015-5955-8 Milukaitè, 2007, Organic and elemental carbon in coastal aerosol of the Baltic Sea, Lithuanian J. Phys., 47, 203, 10.3952/lithjphys.47205 Moffet, 2013, Spectro-microscopic measurements of carbonaceous aerosol aging in Central California, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10445, 10.5194/acp-13-10445-2013 Murillo, 2017, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 and PM10 atmospheric particles in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica: sources, temporal and spatial variations, Atmos Pollut Res., 8, 320, 10.1016/j.apr.2016.10.002 Pongpiachan, 2017, Effect of agricultural waste burning season on PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in Northern Thailand, Atmos Pollut Res., 10.1016/j.apr.2017.04.009 Reyes-Villegas, 2016, Organic aerosol source apportionment in London 2013 with ME-2: exploring the solution space with annual and seasonal analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 15545, 10.5194/acp-16-15545-2016 Rogula-Kozłowska, 2016, Size-segregated urban particulate matter: mass closure, chemical composition and primary and secondary matter content, Air Qual Atmos. Health, 9, 533, 10.1007/s11869-015-0359-y Sandrini, 2016, Size-resolved aerosol composition at an urban and a rural site in the Po Valley in summertime: implications for secondary aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10879, 10.5194/acp-16-10879-2016 Shahpoury, 2015, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and chlorinated pesticides in background air in central Europe – investigating parameters affecting wet scavenging of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1795, 10.5194/acp-15-1795-2015 Silibello, 2012, Benzo[a]pyrene modelling over Italy: comparison with experimental data and source apportionment, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 3, 399, 10.5094/APR.2012.046 Siudek, 2017, Atmospheric deposition of trace elements at urban and forest sites in central Poland - insight into seasonal variability and sources, Atmos. Res., 198, 123, 10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.07.033 Siudek, 2015, Trace element distribution in the snow cover from an urban area in central Poland, Environ. Monit. Assess., 187, 225, 10.1007/s10661-015-4446-1 Siudek, 2015, Seasonal variations of dissolved organic carbon in precipitation over urban and forest sites in central Poland, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 22, 11087, 10.1007/s11356-015-4356-3 Siudek, 2015, Atmospheric particulate mercury at the urban and forest sites in central Poland, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 23, 2341, 10.1007/s11356-015-5476-5 Staniszewska, 2013, Factors controlling benzo(a)pyrene concentration in aerosols in the urbanized coastal zone. A case study: Gdynia, Poland (Southern Baltic Sea), Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 20, 4154, 10.1007/s11356-012-1315-0 Ulevicius, 2016, Fossil and non-fossil source contributions to atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols during extreme spring grassland fires in Eastern Europe, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5513, 10.5194/acp-16-5513-2016 van Drooge, 2015, Particle size-resolved source apportionment of primary and secondary organic tracer compounds at urban and rural locations in Spain, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7735, 10.5194/acp-15-7735-2015 Witkowska, 2016, Effect of agriculture and vegetation on carbonaceous aerosol concentrations (PM2.5 and PM10) in puszcza Borecka National Nature Reserve (Poland), Air Qual. Atmos. Health, 9, 761, 10.1007/s11869-015-0378-8 Xu, 2016, Wintertime organic and inorganic aerosols in Lanzhou, China: sources, processes, and comparison with the results during summer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14937, 10.5194/acp-16-14937-2016 Yang, 2005, One-year record of organic and elemental carbon in fine particles in downtown Beijing and Shanghai, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1449, 10.5194/acp-5-1449-2005 Yang, 2010, The seasonal changes and spatial trends of particulate-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the summer and autumn in Changsha city, Atmos. Res., 96, 122, 10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.12.004 Yang, 2011, Carbonaceous species in PM2.5 at a pair of rural/urban sites in Beijing, 2005–2008, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7893, 10.5194/acp-11-7893-2011 Yttri, 2007, Elemental and organic carbon in PM10: a one year measurement campaign within the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme EMEP, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5711, 10.5194/acp-7-5711-2007 Yttri, 2009, Carbonaceous aerosols in Norwegian urban areas, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2007, 10.5194/acp-9-2007-2009 Zhang, 2009, Global atmospheric emission inventory of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for 2004, Atmos. Environ., 43, 812, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.10.050