Topical immunization strategies

Brandtzaeg, 2004, Let's go mucosal: communication on slippery ground, Trends Immunol, 25,, 570, 10.1016/j.it.2004.09.005 Ogra, 2009, Developmental aspects of the mucosal immune system: role of external environment, mucosal microflora and milk, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol, 639,, 41, 10.1007/978-1-4020-8749-3_4 Holmgren, 2005, Mucosal immunity and vaccines, Nat. Med, 11,, S45, 10.1038/nm1213 Ogra, 1969, Distribution of poliovirus antibody in serum, nasopharynx and alimentary tract following segmental immunization of lower alimentary tract with poliovaccine, J. Immunol, 102,, 1423, 10.4049/jimmunol.102.6.1423 Kiyono, 2004, NALT- vs. Peyer's-patch-mediated mucosal immunity, Nat. Rev. Immunol, 4,, 699, 10.1038/nri1439 Mestecky, 2008, Oral immunization: an update, Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol, 24,, 713, 10.1097/MOG.0b013e32830d58be Kraehenbuhl, 2000, Epithelial M cells: differentiation and function, Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol, 16,, 301, 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.16.1.301 Jang, 2004, Intestinal villous M cells: an antigen entry site in the mucosal epithelium, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101,, 6110, 10.1073/pnas.0400969101 Rescigno, 2009, Dendritic cells in intestinal homeostasis and disease, J. Clin. Invest, 119,, 2441, 10.1172/JCI39134 Mowat, 2003, Anatomical basis of tolerance and immunity to intestinal antigens, Nat. Rev. Immunol, 3,, 331, 10.1038/nri1057 Rakoff-Nahoum, 2004, Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis, Cell, 118,, 229, 10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.002 Bilsborough, 2004, Gastrointestinal dendritic cells play a role in immunity, tolerance, and disease, Gastroenterology, 127,, 300, 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.01.028 Fahlen-Yrlid, 2009, CD11c(high) dendritic cells are essential for activation of CD4+ T cells and generation of specific antibodies following mucosal immunization, J. Immunol, 183,, 5032, 10.4049/jimmunol.0803992 Berg, 1989, Homing receptors and vascular addressins: cell adhesion molecules that direct lymphocyte traffic, Immunol. Rev, 108,, 5, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1989.tb00010.x Kunkel, 2003, Plasma-cell homing, Nat. Rev. Immunol, 3,, 822, 10.1038/nri1203 Mora, 2006, Generation of gut-homing IgA-secreting B cells by intestinal dendritic cells, Science, 314,, 1157, 10.1126/science.1132742 Stagg, 2002, Intestinal dendritic cells increase T cell expression of alpha4beta7 integrin, Eur. J. Immunol, 32,, 1445, 10.1002/1521-4141(200205)32:5<1445::AID-IMMU1445>3.0.CO;2-E Mora, 2003, Selective imprinting of gut-homing T cells by Peyer's patch dendritic cells, Nature, 424,, 88, 10.1038/nature01726 Johansson-Lindbom, 2005, Functional specialization of gut CD103+ dendritic cells in the regulation of tissue-selective T cell homing, J. Exp. Med, 202,, 1063, 10.1084/jem.20051100 Iwasaki, 2007, Mucosal dendritic cells, Annu. Rev. Immunol, 25,, 381, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141634 Wilson, 2004, CCL28 controls immunoglobulin (Ig)A plasma cell accumulation in the lactating mammary gland and IgA antibody transfer to the neonate, J. Exp. Med, 200,, 805, 10.1084/jem.20041069 Czerkinsky, 1991, Antibody-producing cells in peripheral blood and salivary glands after oral cholera vaccination of humans, Infect. Immun, 59,, 996, 10.1128/iai.59.3.996-1001.1991 Eriksson, 1998, Specific-antibody-secreting cells in the rectums and genital tracts of non-human primates following vaccination, Infect. Immun, 66,, 5889, 10.1128/IAI.66.12.5889-5896.1998 Jertborn, 2001, Local and systemic immune responses to rectal administration of recombinant cholera toxin B subunit in humans, Infect. Immun, 69,, 4125, 10.1128/IAI.69.6.4125-4128.2001 Johansson, 2004, Comparison of different routes of vaccination for eliciting antibody responses in the human stomach, Vaccine, 22,, 984, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.09.002 Kozlowski, 1997, Comparison of the oral, rectal, and vaginal immunization routes for induction of antibodies in rectal and genital tract secretions of women, Infect. Immun, 65,, 1387, 10.1128/iai.65.4.1387-1394.1997 Quiding, 1991, Intestinal immune responses in humans. Oral cholera vaccination induces strong intestinal antibody responses and interferon-gamma production and evokes local immunological memory, J. Clin. Invest, 88,, 143, 10.1172/JCI115270 Ogra, 1973, Local antibody response to poliovaccine in the human female genital tract, J Immunol, 110,, 1307, 10.4049/jimmunol.110.5.1307 Wassén, 1996, Local intravaginal vaccination of the female genital tract, Scand. J. Immunol, 44,, 408, 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-320.x Ogra, 1969, Poliovirus antibody response in serum and nasal secretions following intranasal inoculation with inactivated poliovaccine, J. Immunol, 102,, 15, 10.4049/jimmunol.102.1.15 Quiding-Järbrink, 1997, Differential expression of tissue-specific adhesion molecules on human circulating antibody-forming cells after systemic, enteric, and nasal immunizations. A molecular basis for the compartmentalization of effector B cell responses, J. Clin. Invest, 99,, 1281, 10.1172/JCI119286 Quiding-Järbrink, 1995, Induction of compartmentalized B-cell responses in human tonsils, Infect. Immun, 63,, 853, 10.1128/iai.63.3.853-857.1995 Rudin, 1998, Differential kinetics and distribution of antibodies in serum and nasal and vaginal secretions after nasal and oral vaccination of humans, Infect. Immun, 66,, 3390, 10.1128/IAI.66.7.3390-3396.1998 Johansson, 2001, Nasal and vaginal vaccinations have differential effects on antibody responses in vaginal and cervical secretions in humans, Infect. Immun, 69,, 7481, 10.1128/IAI.69.12.7481-7486.2001 Jertborn, 1994, Immunological memory after immunization with oral cholera B subunit—whole-cell vaccine in Swedish volunteers, Vaccine, 12,, 1078, 10.1016/0264-410X(94)90176-7 Cuburu, 2007, Sublingual immunization induces broad-based systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice, Vaccine, 25,, 8598, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.073 Song, 2008, Sublingual vaccination with influenza virus protects mice against lethal viral infection, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105,, 1644, 10.1073/pnas.0708684105 Cuburu, 2009, Sublingual immunization with nonreplicating antigens induces antibody-forming cells and cytotoxic T cells in the female genital tract mucosa and protects against genital papillomavirus infection, J. Immunol, 183,, 7851, 10.4049/jimmunol.0803740 Raghavan S. et al. Sublingual immunization protects against Helicobacter pylori infection and induces T and B cell responses in the stomach. Infect. Immun. in press (2010). Song, 2009, CCR7-CCL19/CCL21-regulated dendritic cells are responsible for effectiveness of sublingual vaccination, J. Immunol, 182,, 6851, 10.4049/jimmunol.0803568 Wang, 2000, Identification of a novel CC chemokine (CCL28) which binds CCR10 (GPR2), J. Biol. Chem, 275,, 22313, 10.1074/jbc.M001461200 Pan, 2000, A novel chemokine ligand for CCR10 and CCR3 expressed by epithelial cells in mucosal tissues, J. Immunol, 165,, 2943, 10.4049/jimmunol.165.6.2943 Kunkel, 2003, CCR10 expression is a common feature of circulating and mucosal epithelial tissue IgA Ab-secreting cells, J. Clin. Invest, 111,, 1001, 10.1172/JCI17244 Glenn, 1998, Skin immunization made possible by cholera toxin, Nature, 391,, 851, 10.1038/36014 Glenn, 2006, Mass vaccination: solutions in the skin, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol, 304,, 247 Chang, 2008, Cutting edge: Langerin+ dendritic cells in the mesenteric lymph node set the stage for skin and gut immune system cross-talk, J. Immunol, 180,, 4361, 10.4049/jimmunol.180.7.4361 Herremans, 1999, Induction of mucosal immunity by inactivated poliovirus vaccine is dependent on previous mucosal contact with live virus, J. Immunol, 162,, 5011, 10.4049/jimmunol.162.8.5011 Svennerholm, 1977, Boosting of secretory IgA antibody responses in man by parenteral cholera vaccination, Scand. J. Immunol, 6,, 1345, 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb00376.x Lavelle, 2006, Delivery systems and adjuvants for oral vaccines, Expert Opin. Drug. Deliv, 3,, 747, 10.1517/17425247.3.6.747 Cox, 2006, Adjuvants modulating mucosal immune responses or directing systemic responses towards the mucosa, Vet. Res, 37,, 511, 10.1051/vetres:2006014 Moyle, 2004, Mucosal immunization: adjuvants and delivery systems, Curr. Drug. Deliv, 1,, 385, 10.2174/1567201043334588 Nordly, 2009, Status and future prospects of lipid-based particulate delivery systems as vaccine adjuvants and their combination with immunostimulators, Expert Opin. Drug Deliv, 6,, 657, 10.1517/17425240903018863 Kersten, 2003, Liposomes and ISCOMs, Vaccine, 21,, 915, 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00540-6 Rao, 2007, Lipid-based cochleates: a promising formulation platform for oral and parenteral delivery of therapeutic agents, Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst, 24,, 41, 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v24.i1.20 McDermott, 1998, Polymer-grafted starch microparticles for oral and nasal immunization, Immunol. Cell Biol, 76,, 256, 10.1046/j.1440-1711.1998.00743.x Eldridge, 1989, Biodegradable microspheres: vaccine delivery system for oral immunization, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol, 146,, 59 Payne, 1995, Water-soluble phosphazene polymers for parenteral and mucosal vaccine delivery, Pharm. Biotechnol, 6,, 473, 10.1007/978-1-4615-1823-5_20 Payne, 1998, Poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene] (PCPP) is a potent immunoadjuvant for an influenza vaccine, Vaccine, 16,, 92, 10.1016/S0264-410X(97)00149-7 Ada, 2005, Overview of vaccines and vaccination, Mol. Biotechnol, 29,, 255, 10.1385/MB:29:3:255 Schiller, J.T. & Lowy, D.R. Vaccines to prevent infections by oncoviruses. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. in press (2010). Treanor, 2009, Recombinant proteins produced in insect cells, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol, 333,, 211 D'Aoust, 2010, The production of hemagglutinin-based virus-like particles in plants: a rapid, efficient and safe response to pandemic influenza, Plant Biotechnol. J, 8,, 607, 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2009.00496.x Ludwig, 2007, Virus-like particles-universal molecular toolboxes, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol, 18,, 537, 10.1016/j.copbio.2007.10.013 Jennings, 2008, The coming of age of virus-like particle vaccines, Biol. Chem, 389,, 521, 10.1515/BC.2008.064 Freytag, 2005, Mucosal adjuvants, Vaccine, 23,, 1804, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.11.010 Holmgren, 2005, Mucosal adjuvants and anti-infection and anti-immunopathology vaccines based on cholera toxin, cholera toxin B subunit and CpG DNA, Immunol. Lett, 97,, 181, 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.11.009 Lycke, 2004, ADP-ribosylating bacterial enzymes for the targeted control of mucosal tolerance and immunity, Ann. NY Acad. Sci, 1029,, 193, 10.1196/annals.1309.036 Tagliabue, 1993, Cytokines as vaccine adjuvants: interleukin 1 and its synthetic peptide 163-171, Vaccine, 11,, 594, 10.1016/0264-410X(93)90240-X Couch, 2004, Nasal vaccination, Escherichiacoli enterotoxin, and Bell's palsy, N .Engl. J. Med, 350,, 860, 10.1056/NEJMp048006 Lewis, 2009, Transient facial nerve paralysis (Bell's palsy) following intranasal delivery of a genetically detoxified mutant of Escherichiacoli heat labile toxin, PLoS One, 4,, e6999, 10.1371/journal.pone.0006999 Agren, 1997, Genetically engineered nontoxic vaccine adjuvant that combines B cell targeting with immunomodulation by cholera toxin A1 subunit, J. Immunol, 158,, 3936, 10.4049/jimmunol.158.8.3936 Adamsson, 2006, Novel immunostimulatory agent based on CpG DNA linked to the non-toxic B subunit of cholera toxin, J. Immunol, 176,, 4902, 10.4049/jimmunol.176.8.4902 Mathan, 1988, Tropical sprue in southern India, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg, 82,, 10, 10.1016/0035-9203(88)90247-7 Nath, 2007, Tropical sprue, Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep, 7,, 343, 10.1007/s11894-005-0002-4 Owens, 2007, The pathology of malabsorption: current concepts, Histopathology, 50,, 64, 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02547.x Humphrey, 2009, Child undernutrition, tropical enteropathy, toilets, and handwashing, Lancet, 374,, 1032, 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60950-8