Too much of a good thing: The role of protein kinase CK2 in tumorigenesis and prospects for therapeutic inhibition of CK2

Hanahan, 2000, The hallmarks of cancer, Cell, 100, 57, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9

Johnson, 2005, Kinomics: methods for deciphering the kinome, Nat. Methods, 2, 17, 10.1038/nmeth731

Hopkins, 2002, The druggable genome, Nat. Rev., Drug Discov., 1, 727, 10.1038/nrd892

Pagano, 2006, Protein kinase CK2: a newcomer in the ‘druggable kinome’, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 34, 1303, 10.1042/BST0341303

Jabbour, 2007, Current and emerging treatment options in chronic myeloid leukemia, Cancer, 109, 2171, 10.1002/cncr.22661

Flaherty, 2007, Sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma, Clin. Cancer Res., 13, 747, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-2063

Litchfield, 2003, Protein kinase CK2: structure, regulation and role in cellular decisions of life and death, Biochem. J., 369, 1, 10.1042/bj20021469

Olsten, 2004, Order or chaos? An evaluation of the regulation of protein kinase CK2, Biochem. Cell. Biol., 82, 681, 10.1139/o04-116

Hilgard, 2002, Translated Alu sequence determines nuclear localization of a novel catalytic subunit of casein kinase 2, Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol., 283, C472, 10.1152/ajpcell.00070.2002

Yu, 1991, Immunocytochemical localization of casein kinase II during interphase and mitosis, J. Cell Biol., 114, 1217, 10.1083/jcb.114.6.1217

Faust, 2000, Subcellular localization of protein kinase CK2. A key to its function?, Cell Tissue Res., 301, 329, 10.1007/s004410000256

Penner, 1997, Expression and localization of epitope-tagged protein kinase CK2, J. Cell. Biochem., 64, 525, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19970315)64:4<525::AID-JCB1>3.0.CO;2-T

Lozeman, 1990, Isolation of and characterization of human cDNA clones encoding the α and α′ subunits of casein kinase II, Biochemistry, 29, 8436, 10.1021/bi00488a034

Olsten, 2005, CK2 interacting proteins: emerging paradigms for CK2 regulation?, Mol. Cell. Biochem., 274, 115, 10.1007/s11010-005-3072-6

Miyata, 1995, Interaction between casein kinase II and the 90-kDa stress protein, HSP90, Biochemistry, 34, 8123, 10.1021/bi00025a019

Messenger, 2002, Interactions between protein kinase CK2 and Pin1. Evidence for phosphorylation-dependent interactions, J. Biol. Chem., 277, 10.1074/jbc.M200111200

Heriche, 1997, Regulation of protein phosphatase 2A by direct interaction with casein kinase 2alpha, Science, 276, 952, 10.1126/science.276.5314.952

Olsten, 2004, The pleckstrin homology domain of CKIP-1 is required for interactions and recruitment of protein kinase CK2 to the plasma membrane, J. Biol. Chem., 279, 42114, 10.1074/jbc.M407628200

Glover, 1998, On the physiological role of casein kinase II in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol., 59, 95, 10.1016/S0079-6603(08)61030-2

Faust, 2000, Antisense oligonucleotides against protein kinase CK2-α inhibit growth of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in vitro, Head Neck, 22, 341, 10.1002/1097-0347(200007)22:4<341::AID-HED5>3.0.CO;2-3

Wang, 2001, Response of cancer cells to molecular interruption of the CK2 signal, Mol. Cell. Biochem., 227, 167, 10.1023/A:1013112908734

Barz, 2003, Genome-wide expression screens indicate a global role for protein kinase CK2 in chromatin remodeling, J. Cell Sci., 116, 1563, 10.1242/jcs.00352

Rethinaswamy, 1998, Temperature-sensitive mutations of the CKA1 gene reveal a role for casein kinase II in maintenance of cell polarity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, J. Biochem., 10, 5869

Hanna, 1995, Casein kinase II is required for cell cycle progression during G1 and G2/M in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, J. Biochem., 43, 25905

Ford, 2000, Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of the human SIX1 homodomain protein, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 22245, 10.1074/jbc.M002446200

Lorenz, 1993, Cell biological studies with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against human casein kinase II subunit beta demonstrate participation of the kinase in mitogenic signaling, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 2733, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53835-7

Pepperkok, 1994, Casein kinase II is required for transition of G0/G1, early G1, and G1/S phases of the cell cycle, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 6986, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)37471-9

Russo, 1992, Casein kinase II phosphorylates p34cdc2 kinase in G1 phase of the Hela cell division cycle, J. Biol. Chem., 267, 20317, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)88704-5

Block, 2001, Phosphorylation of the human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, CDC34, by casein kinase 2, J. Biol. Chem., 276, 401049, 10.1074/jbc.M106453200

Cardenas, 1992, Casein kinase II phosphorylates the eukaryote-specific C-terminal domain of topoisomerase II in vivo, EMBO J., 11, 1785, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05230.x

Buchou, 2003, Disruption of the regulatory {beta} subunit of protein kinase CK2 in mice leads to a cell-autonomous defect and early embryonic lethality, Mol. Cell. Biol., 23, 908, 10.1128/MCB.23.3.908-915.2003

Escalier, 2003, Spermatogenesis of mice lacking CK2α′: failure of germ cell survival and characteristic modifications of the spermatid nucleus, Mol. Reprod. Dev., 66, 190, 10.1002/mrd.10346

Stalter, 1994, Asymmetric expression of protein kinase CK2 subunits in human kidney tumors, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 202, 141, 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1904

Landesman-Bollag, 2001, Protein kinase CK2 in mammary gland tumorigenesis, Oncogene, 20, 3247, 10.1038/sj.onc.1204411

Daya-Makin, 1994, Activation of a tumour-associated protein kinase (p40TAK) and casein kinase II in human squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the lung, Cancer Res., 54, 2262

Yenice, 1994, Nuclear casein kinase 2 (CK-2) activity in human normal, benign hyperplastic and cancerous prostate, Prostate, 24, 11, 10.1002/pros.2990240105

Seldin, 1995, Casein kinase II alpha transgene-induce murine lymphoma: relation to theileriosis in cattle, Science, 267, 894, 10.1126/science.7846532

Kelliher, 1996, Tal-1 induces T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia accelerated by casein kinase IIalpha, EMBO J., 15, 5160, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00900.x

Landesman-Bollag, 1998, p53 Deficiency and misexpression of protein kinase CK2alpha collaborate in the development of thymic lymphomas in mice, Oncogene, 16, 2965, 10.1038/sj.onc.1201854

Orlandini, 1998, Protein kinase CK2alpha′ is induced by serum as a delayed early gene and cooperates with Ha-ras in fibroblast transformation, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 21291, 10.1074/jbc.273.33.21291

Way, 2004, Apigenin induces apoptosis through proteasomal degradation of HER2/neu in HER2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer cells via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent pathway 1074/jbc.M305529200, J. Biol. Chem., 279, 4479, 10.1074/jbc.M305529200

Romieu-Mourez, 2002, Protein kinase CK2 promotes aberrant activation of nuclear factor-{kappa}B, transformed phenotype, and survival of breast cancer cells, Cancer Res., 62, 6770

Oliveira, 2005, Tumor suppressor genes in breast cancer: the gatekeepers and the caretakers, Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 124, S16

Keller, 2002, p53 Serine 392 phosphorylation increases after UV through induction of the assembly of the CK2-hSPT16-SSRP1 complex, J. Biol. Chem., 277, 50206, 10.1074/jbc.M209820200

Torres, 2001, The tumor suppressor PTEN is phosphorylated by the protein kinase CK2 at its C terminus. Implications for PTEN stability to proteasome-mediated degradation, J. Biol. Chem., 276, 993, 10.1074/jbc.M009134200

Scaglioni, 2006, A CK2-dependent mechanism for degradation of the PML tumor suppressor, Cell, 126, 269, 10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.041

Kapoor, 1998, Functional activation of p53 via phosphorylation following DNA damage by UV but not gamma radiation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 95, 2834, 10.1073/pnas.95.6.2834

Keller, 2002, p53 serine 392 phosphorylation increases after UV through Induction of the assembly of the CK2-hSPT16-SSRP1 complex, J. Biol. Chem., 277, 50206, 10.1074/jbc.M209820200

Keller, 2001, A DNA damage-induced p53 serine 392 kinase complex contains CK2, hSpt16, and SSRP1, Mol. Cell., 7, 283, 10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00176-9

Li, 2005, CK2 phosphorylates SSRP1 and inhibits its DNA-binding activity, J. Biol. Chem., 280, 11869, 10.1074/jbc.M413944200

Sayed, 2000, Stress-induced activation of protein kinase CK2 by direct interaction with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 16569, 10.1074/jbc.M000312200

Lallemand-Breitenbach, 2006, CK2 and PML: regulating the regulator, Cell, 126, 244, 10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.004

Miller, 2002, Direct identification of PTEN phosphorylation sites, FEBS Lett., 528, 145, 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03274-X

Al-Khouri, 2005, Cooperative phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) by casein kinases and glycogen synthase kinase 3{beta}, J. Biol. Chem., 280, 35195, 10.1074/jbc.M503045200

Kim, 2006, Tumours and tremors: how PTEN regulation underlies both, Br. J. Cancer, 94, 620, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602994

Channavajhala, 2002, Functional interaction of protein kinase CK2 and c-Myc in lymphogenesis, Oncogene, 21, 5280, 10.1038/sj.onc.1205640

Oelgeschlager, 1995, Casein kinase II phosphorylation site mutations in c-myb affect DNA binding and transcriptional cooperativity with NF-M, Mol. Cell. Biol., 15, 5966, 10.1128/MCB.15.11.5966

Lin, 1992, Casein kinase II is a negative regulator of c-jun DNA binding and AP-1 activity, Cell, 70, 777, 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90311-Y

Eddy, 2005, Inducible I{kappa}B kinase/I{kappa}B kinase {varepsilon} expression is induced by CK2 and promotes aberrant nuclear factor-{kappa}B activation in breast cancer cells, Cancer Res., 65, 11375, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1602

Dessauge, 2005, Constitutively activated CK2 potentially plays a pivotal role in Theileria-induced lymphocyte transformation, Parasitology, 130, S37, 10.1017/S0031182005008140

Seldin, 2005, CK2 as a positive regulator of Wnt signalling and tumorigenesis, Mol. Cell. Biochem., 274, 63, 10.1007/s11010-005-3078-0

Bousset, 1992, Identification of casein kinase II phosphorylation sites on Max: effects on DNA-binding kinetics of Max homo- and Myc/Max heterodimers, Oncogene, 8, 3211

Chen, 2001, New insights into the role of nuclear factor-{kappa}B in cell growth regulation, Am. J. Pathol., 159, 387, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)61708-7

Barroga, 1995, Constitutive phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha by casein kinase II, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 92, 7637, 10.1073/pnas.92.17.7637

Wang, 2000, Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced phosphorylation of RelA/p65 on Ser529 is controlled by casein kinase II, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 32592, 10.1074/jbc.M001358200

Krehan, 2000, Transcription factors ets1, NF-kappa B, Sp1 are major determinants of the promoter of the human protein kinase CK2alpha gene, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 18327, 10.1074/jbc.M909736199

Gorden, 2006, Wnt signaling: multiple pathways, multiple receptors, and multiple transcription factors, J. Biol. Chem., 281, 22429, 10.1074/jbc.R600015200

Song, 2003, CK2 phosphorylation of the armadillo repeat region of {beta}-catenin potentiates Wnt signaling, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 24018, 10.1074/jbc.M212260200

Semplici, 2002, CK2-dependent phosphorylation of the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBC3B induces its interaction with β-TrCP and enhances β-catenin degradation, Oncogene, 21, 3978, 10.1038/sj.onc.1205574

Song, 2000, Endogenous protein kinase CK2 participates in Wnt signalling in mammary epithelial cells, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 23790, 10.1074/jbc.M909107199

Willert, 1997, Casein kinase 2 associates with and phosphorylates Dishevelled, EMBO J., 16, 3089, 10.1093/emboj/16.11.3089

Homma, 2002, Association and regulation of casein kinase 2 activity by adenomatous polyposis coli protein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 99, 5959, 10.1073/pnas.092143199

Hildesheim, 2005, Casein kinase 2- and protein kinase A-regulated adenomatous polyposis coli and {beta}-catenin cellular localization Is dependent on p38 MAPK, J. Biol. Chem., 280, 17221, 10.1074/jbc.M410440200

Tapia, 2006, Casein kinase 2 (CK2) increases survivin expression via enhanced b-catenin-T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer binding factor-dependent transcription, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 103, 15079, 10.1073/pnas.0606845103

Ponzielli, 2005, Cancer therapeutics: targeting the dark side of Myc, Eur. J. Cancer, 41, 2485, 10.1016/j.ejca.2005.08.017

Sasaki, 2003, Lymphoid enhancer factor 1 makes cells resistant to transforming growth factor {beta}-induced repression of c-myc, Cancer Res., 63, 801

Vara, 2004, PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and cancer, Cancer Treat. Rev., 30, 193, 10.1016/j.ctrv.2003.07.007

Di Maira, 2005, Protein kinase CK2 phosphorylates and upregulates Akt//PKB, Cell Death Differ., 12, 668, 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401604

Izeradjene, 2004, Influence of casein kinase II in tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells, Clin. Cancer Res., 10, 6650, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0576

Yamane, 2005, CK2 inhibits apoptosis and changes its cellular localization following ionizing radiation, Cancer Res., 65, 4362, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3941

Izeradjene, 2005, Casein kinase II (CK2) enhances death-inducing signalling complex (DISC) activity in TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cell lines, Oncogene, 24, 2050, 10.1038/sj.onc.1208397

Yamane, 2005, Casein kinase 2 regulates both apoptosis and the cell cycle following DNA damage induced by 6-thioguanine, Clin. Cancer Res., 11, 2355, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-1734

Tozser, 2003, Effect of caspase cleavage-site phosphorylation on proteolysis, Biochem. J., 372, 137, 10.1042/bj20021901

Wang, 2006, Role of protein kinase CK2 in the regulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, Cancer Res., 66, 2242, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2772

Wang, 2005, Modulation of death receptor-mediated apoptosis by CK2, Mol. Cell. Biochem., 274, 201, 10.1007/s11010-005-2952-0

Ahmad, 2007, Protein kinase CK2 modulates apoptosis induced by resveratrol and epigallocatechin-3-gallate in prostate cancer cells, Mol. Cancer Ther., 6, 1006, 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-06-0491

Di Maira, 2007, Pharmacological inhibition of protein kinase CK2 reverts the multidrug resistance phenotype of a CEM cell line characterized by high CK2 level, Oncogene, 1

Zien, 2005, Tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBBt) and tetrabromobenzimidazole (TBBz) as selective inhibitors of protein kinase CK2: Evaluation of their effects on cells and different molecular forms of human CK2, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1754, 271, 10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.07.039

Wang, 2005, Downregulation of CK2 induces apoptosis in cancer cells: A potential approach to cancer therapy, Mol. Cell. Biochem., 274, 77, 10.1007/s11010-005-3077-1

Vilk, 1999, Inducible expression of protein kinase CK2 in mammalian cells, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 14406, 10.1074/jbc.274.20.14406

Lebrin, 2001, A role for protein kinase CK2 in cell proliferation: evidence using kinase-inactive mutant of CK2 catalytic subunit α, Oncogene, 20, 2010, 10.1038/sj.onc.1204307

Pagano, 2004, Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole, J. Med. Chem., 47, 6239, 10.1021/jm049854a

Desagher, 2001, Phosphorylation of Bid by casein kinases I and II regulates its cleavage by caspase 8, Mol. Cell., 8, 601, 10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00335-5

Krippner-Heidenreich, 2001, Targeting of the transcription factor Max during apoptosis: phosphorylation-regulated cleavage by caspase-5 at an unusual glutamic acid residue in position P1., Biochem. J., 358, 705, 10.1042/0264-6021:3580705

Ruzzene, 2002, Protein kinase CK2 inhibitor 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB) induces apoptosis and caspase-dependent degradation of haematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein 1 (HS1) in Jurkat cells, Biochem. J., 364, 41, 10.1042/bj3640041

Walter, 1999, Phosphorylation of presenilin-2 regulates its cleavage by caspases and retards progression of apoptosis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 96, 1391, 10.1073/pnas.96.4.1391

Yin, 2001, The development-associated cleavage of lens connexin 45.6 by caspase-3-like protease is regulated by casein kinase II-mediated phosphorylation, J. Biol. Chem., 276, 34567, 10.1074/jbc.M106073200

Torres, 2002, Phosphorylation-regulated cleavage of the tumor suppressor PTEN by caspase-3, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 30652, 10.1074/jbc.M212610200

Shin, 2005, Caspase-2 primes cancer cells for TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by processing procaspase-8, EMBO J., 24, 3532, 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600827

Li, 2002, Phosphorylation by protein kinase CK2: a signaling switch for the caspase-inhibiting protein ARC, Mol. Cell., 10, 247, 10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00600-7

Seeber, 2005, Validation of protein kinase CK2 as oncological target, Apoptosis, 10, 875, 10.1007/s10495-005-0380-y

Poole, 2005, A global view of CK2 function and regulation, Mol. Cell. Biochem., 274, 163, 10.1007/s11010-005-2945-z

Sarno, 2005, Development and exploitation of CK2 inhibitors, Mol. Cell. Biochem., 274, 69, 10.1007/s11010-005-3079-z

Pagano, 2004, 2-Dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole: a novel powerful and selective inhibitor of protein kinase CK2, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 321, 1040, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.07.067

Pagano, 2006, Tetrabromocinnamic acid (TBCA) and related compounds represent a new class of specific protein kinase CK2 inhibitors, ChemBioChem, 8, 129, 10.1002/cbic.200600293

Sarno, 2001, Selectivity of 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole, an ATP site-directed inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 (‘casein kinase-2’), FEBS Lett., 496, 44, 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02404-8

Zien, 2003, Selectivity of 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole as an ATP-competitive potent inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 from various sources, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 306, 129, 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00928-8

Sarno, 2003, Biochemical and three-dimensional-structural study of the specific inhibition of protein kinase Ck2 by [5-oxo-5,6-dihydroindolo-(1,2-a)quinazolin-7-yl]acetic acid (IQA), Biochem. J., 374, 639, 10.1042/bj20030674

Cozza, 2006, Identification of ellagic acid as potent inhibitor of protein kinase CK2: a successful example of a virtual screening application, J. Med. Chem., 2006, 2363, 10.1021/jm060112m

Farah, 2003, 5,6-Dichloro-ribifuranosylbenzimidazole- and apigenin-induced sensitization of colon cancer cells to TNF-{alpha}-mediated apoptosis, Am. J. Physiol., Gasterointest. Liver Physiol., 285, G919, 10.1152/ajpgi.00205.2003

Olsen, 2007, Emodin negatively affects the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT signalling pathway: a study on its mechanism of action, Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol., 39, 227, 10.1016/j.biocel.2006.08.006

Mishra, 2006, Treatment of P190 Bcr/Abl lymphoblastic leukemia cells with inhibitors of the serine/threonine kinase CK2, Leukemia, 21, 178, 10.1038/sj.leu.2404460

Götz, 2007, Inhibition of protein kinase CK2 leads to a modulation of androgen receptor dependent transcription in prostate cancer cells, Prostate, 67, 125, 10.1002/pros.20471

Zien, 2003, TBBz but not TBBt discriminates between two molecular forms of CK2 in vivo and its implications, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 312, 623, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.10.165

Graves, 2002, Discovery of novel targets of quinoline drugs in the human purine binding proteome, Mol. Pharmacol., 62, 1364, 10.1124/mol.62.6.1364

Meggio, 2003, One-thousand-and-one substrates of protein kinase CK2?, FASEB J., 17, 349, 10.1096/fj.02-0473rev

Canton, 2005, The pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein CKIP-1 is involved in regulation of cell morphology and the actin cytoskeleton and interaction with actin capping protein, Mol. Cell. Biol., 25, 3519, 10.1128/MCB.25.9.3519-3534.2005

Canton, 2006, The shape of things to come: an emerging role for the protein kinase CK2 in the regulation of cell morphology and the cytoskeleton, Cell. Signal., 18, 267, 10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.07.008

Kulartz, 2004, Protein kinase CK2 phosphorylates the cell cycle regulatory protein Geminin, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 315, 1011, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.164

Kim, 2007, Protein kinase CK2{alpha} as an unfavorable prognostic marker and novel therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia, Clin. Cancer Res., 13, 1019, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1602

Klumpp, 2004, Protein kinase CK2 phosphorylates BAD at threonine-117, Neurochem. Int., 45, 747, 10.1016/j.neuint.2004.02.006

Piazza, 2006, Multiple myeloma cell survival relies on high activity of protein kinase CK2, Blood, 108, 1698, 10.1182/blood-2005-11-013672

Torrecilla, 2007, Phosphorylation and regulation of a G protein-coupled receptor by protein kinase CK2, J. Cell Biol., 177, 127, 10.1083/jcb.200610018

Eyers, 1999, Use of drug-resistant mutant of stress-activated protein kinase 2a/p38 to validate the in vivo specificity of SB 203580, FEBS Lett., 451, 191, 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00552-9

Sarno, 2005, Features and potentials of ATP-site directed CK2 inhibitors, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1754, 263, 10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.07.043

Loizou, 2004, The protein kinase CK2 facilities repair of chromosomal DNA single-strand breaks, Cell, 117, 17, 10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00206-5

Li, 2006, NKX3.1 is regulated by protein kinase CK2 in prostate tumor cells, Mol. Cell. Biol., 26, 3008, 10.1128/MCB.26.8.3008-3017.2006

Roberts, 2006, Identification of G2/M targets for the MAP kinase pathway by functional proteomics, Proteomics, 6, 4541, 10.1002/pmic.200600365

Graves, 2003, A functional proteomics approach to signal transduction, Recent Prog. Horm. Res., 58, 1, 10.1210/rp.58.1.1

Kalume, 2003, Tackling the phosphoproteome: tools and strategies, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 7, 64, 10.1016/S1367-5931(02)00009-1

Hindley, 2004, Engineering the serine/threonine protein kinase Raf-1 to utilise an orthogonal analogue of ATP substituted at the N6 position, FEBS Lett., 556, 26, 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)01352-8

Dephoure, 2005, Combining chemical genetics and proteomics to identify protein kinase substrates, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 102, 17940, 10.1073/pnas.0509080102

Allen, 2007, A semisynthetic epitope for kinase substrates, Nat. Methods, 4, 511, 10.1038/nmeth1048

Burkard, 2007, Chemical genetics reveals the requirement for Polo-like kinase 1 in positioning RhoA and triggering cytokinesis in human cells., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 104, 4383, 10.1073/pnas.0701140104

Blair, 2007, Structure-guided development of affinity probes for tyrosine kinases using chemical genetics, Nat. Chem. Biol., 3, 229, 10.1038/nchembio866

Jaeschke, 2006, JNK2 is a positive regulator of the cJun transcription factor, Mol. Cell., 23, 899, 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.07.028

Ventura, 2006, Chemical genetic analysis of the time course of signal transduction by JNK, Mol. Cell, 21, 701, 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.01.018

Sarno, 2002, Toward the rational design of protein kinase casein kinase-2 inhibitors, Pharmacol. Ther., 93, 159, 10.1016/S0163-7258(02)00185-7

Golub, 2006, Evaluation of 3-carboxy-4(1H)-quinolones as inhibitors of human protein kinase CK2, J. Med. Chem., 49, 6443, 10.1021/jm050048t