Quá Tình Dục Để Được Coi Là Nghiêm Túc? Nhận Thức về Một Cô Gái Trong Trang Phục Ngây Thơ So Với Trang Phục Tình Dục Hóa

American Psychological Association, Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. (2007). Report of the APA task force on the sexualization of girls. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pi/women/programs/girls/report.aspx. Bailey, R. (2011). Letting children be children: Report of an independent review of the commercialization and sexualization of childhood. London, England: Department for Education. Retrieved from https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/standard/publicationDetail/Page1/CM%208078 Barbiemedia.com (2012). Retrieved from http://www.barbiemedia.com/?subcat=24 Bordo, S., & Heywood, L. (2004). Unbearable weight: Feminism, western culture, and the body, tenth anniversary edition. Ewing: University of California Press. Boyd, H., & Murnen, S. K. (April, 2011) How sexy are girls’ dolls? A content analysis of the sexualized characteristics of age 3–11 girls’ dolls. Paper presented at the Ohio Undergraduate Psychology Conference. Gambier: Kenyon College. Brownmiller, S. (1984). Femininity. NY: Linden Press. Calogero, R. M., Tantleff-Dunn, S., & Thompson, J. K. (Eds.). (2011). Self-objectification in women: Causes, consequences, and counteractions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Carli, L. L. (2001). Gender and social influence. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 725–741. doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00238. Collins, P. H. (2000). Black feminist thought. NY: Routledge. Collins, R. L. (2011). Content analysis of gender roles in media: Where are we now and where should we go? Sex Roles, 64, 290–298. doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9929-5. Cook, D. T., & Kaiser, S. B. (2004). Betwixt and between: Age ambiguity and the sexualization of the female consuming subject. Journal of Consumer Culture, 4, 203–227. doi:10:1177/1469540504043862. Deaux, K., Winton, W., Crowley, M., & Lewis, L. L. (1985). Level of categorization and content of gender stereotypes. Social Cognition, 3, 145–167. doi:10.1521/soco.1985.3.2.145. Donovan, R., & Williams, M. (2002). Living at the intersection: Effects of racism and sexism on Black rape survivors. Women and Therapy, 25, 95–105. doi:10.1300/J015v25n03_07. Douglas, S. J. (2010). Enlightened sexism: The seductive message that feminism’s work is done. NY: Times Books. Eagly, A. H., & Carli, L. L. (2007). Through the labyrinth: The truth about how women become leaders. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173–206. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x. Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1994). Growing up with television: The cultivation perspective. In J. Bryant & D. Zillman (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theoryand research (pp. 17–41). Hillsdale: Erlbaum. Glick, P., Larsen, S., Johnson, C., & Branstiter, H. (2005). Evaluations of sexy women in low- and high- status jobs. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 29, 389–395. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00238.x. Goodin, S., Van Denburg, A., Murnen, S. K., & Smolak, L. (2011). “Putting on”sexiness: A content analysis of the presence of sexualizing characteristics in girls’ clothing. Sex Roles, 65, 1–12. doi:10.1007/s11199-011-9966-8. Grauerholz, E., & King, A. (1997). Prime time sexual harassment. Violence Against Women, 3, 129–148. doi:10.1177/1077801297003002003. Greenwood, D. N., & Isbell, L. M. (2002). Ambivalent sexism and the dumb blonde: Men's and women's reactions to sexist jokes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 341–350. doi:10.1111/1471-6402.t01-2-00073. Greenwood, D. N., & Lippman, J. R. (2010). Gender and media: Content, uses, and impact. In J. C. Chrisler & D. R. McCreary (Eds.), Handbook of gender research in psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 643–699). NY: Springer. Gurung, R. A. R., & Chrouser, C. J. (2007). Predicting objectification: Do provocative clothing and observer characteristics matter? Sex Roles, 57, 91–99. doi:10.1007/s11199-007-9219-z. Harrison, K., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2003). Women’s sports media, self-objectification, and mental health in Black and White adolescent females. Journal of Communication, 53, 216–232. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2003.tb02587.x. Herbozo, S., Tantleff-Dunn, S., Gokee-Larose, J., & Thompson, J. K. (2004). Beauty and thinness messages in children's media: A content analysis. Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention, 12, 21–34. doi:10.1080/10640260490267742. Holub, S. (2008). Individual differences in the anti-fat attitudes of preschool-children: The importance of perceived body size. Body Image, 5, 317–321. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.03.003. Jeffreys, S. (2005). Beauty and misogyny: Harmful cultural practices in the West. NY: Routledge. Kaiser, S., Chandler, J., & Hammidi, T. (2001). Minding appearances in female academic culture. In A. Guy, E. Green, & M. Bannin (Eds.), Through the wardrobe (pp. 117–136). Oxford: Berg. Kim, J. L., Sorsoli, C. L., Collins, K., Zylbergold, B. A., Schooler, D., & Tolman, D. (2007). From sex to sexuality: Exposing the heterosexual script on primetime network television. Journal of Sex Research, 44, 145–157. doi:10.1080/00224490701263660. Klein, H., & Shiffman, K. S. (2006). Messages about physical attractiveness in animated. Body Image, 3, 353–363. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2006.08.001. Lindberg, S., Grabe, S., & Hyde, J. S. (2007). A measure of objectified body consciousness for preadolescent and adolescent youth. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30, 65–76. doi:10.1111/j.1471-2006.00263.x. Mahalik, J. R., Mooray, E. B., Coonerty-Femiano, A., Ludlow, L. H., Slattery, S. M., & Smiler, A. (2005). Development of the conformity to feminine norms inventory. Sex Roles, 52, 417–435. doi:10.1007/s11199-005-3709-7. Matschiner, M., & Murnen, S. K. (1999). Hyperfemininity and influence. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 23, 631–642. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1999.tb00385.x. McKinley, N. M., & Hyde, J. S. (1996). The objectified body consciousness scale: Development and validation. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20, 181–215. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00467.x. Moradi, B., & Huang, Y. (2008). Objectification theory and psychology of women: A decade of advances and future directions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32, 377–398. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.00452.x. Murnen, S. K. (2000). Gender and the use of sexually degrading language. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 24, 319–327. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.20000.tb00214.x. Murnen, S. K., & Seabrook, R. (2012). Feminism and body image. In T. Cash et al. (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance. Academic Press. Murnen, S. K., & Smolak, L. (2012). I’d rather be a famous fashion model than a famous scientist: The rewards and costs of internalizing sexualization. In E. Zurbriggen and T. A. Roberts (Eds.). The sexualization of girls and girlhood. Oxford University Press. Noll, S. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). A mediational model linking self-objectification, body shame, and disordered eating. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22, 623–636. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1998.tb00181.x. Reichert, T., & Carpenter, C. (2004). An update on sex in magazine advertising: 1983 to 2003. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81, 823–837. doi:10.1177/0887302X08327087. Rudman, L. A., & Borgida, E. (1995). The afterglow of construct accessibility: The behavioral consequences of priming men to view women as sexual objects. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 493–517. doi:0.1006/jesp.1995.1022. Simpson, L., Douglas, S., & Schimmel, J. (1998). Tween consumers: Catalog clothing purchase behavior. Adolescence, 33, 637–645. Six, B., & Eckes, T. (1991). A closer look at the complex structure of gender stereotypes. Sex Roles, 24, 57–71. doi:10.1007/BF00288703. Smolak, L., & Murnen, S. K. (2011). The sexualization of women and girls as key antecedents to self-objectification. In R. Calogero & J. K. Thompson (Eds.), The objectification of women: Innovative directions in research and practice (pp. 53–75). Washington: American Psychological Association. Smolak, L., Don, B., & Murnen, S. K. (2011). “Get your sexy on”: Gender and self-sexualization Unpublished manuscript. Stankiewicz, J. M., & Rosselli, F. (2008). Women as sex objects and victims in print advertisements. Sex Roles, 58, 579–589. doi:10.1007/s11199-007-9359-1. Strelan, P., & Hargreaves, D. (2005). Women who objectify other women: The vicious circle of objectification? Sex Roles, 52, 707–711. doi:10.1007/s11199-005-3737-3. Tiggemann, M., & Lacey, C. (2009). Shopping for clothes: Body satisfaction, appearance investment, and functions of clothing among female shoppers. Body Image, 6, 285–291. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.07.002. Turner, J. S. (2011). Sex and the spectacle of music videos: An examination of the portrayal of race and sexuality in music videos. Sex Roles, 64, 173–191. doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9766-6. Wallis, C. (2011). Performing gender: A content analysis of gender display in music videos. Sex Roles, 64, 160–172. doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9814-2. Weitzer, R., & Kubrin, C. E. (2009). Misogyny in rap music: A content analysis of prevalence and meanings. Men and Masculinities, 12, 3–29. doi:10.1177/10997184X09327696.