Tissue Doppler echocardiography in evaluation of cardiac effects of subclinical hypothyroidism
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
1. Ladenson PW. (1990) Recognition and management of cardiovascular disease related to thyroid dysfunction. Am J Med 88:638–641
2. Biondi B, Palmieri EA, Lombardi G, Fazio S. (2002) Subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiac function. Thyroid 12: 505–10
4. Sawin CT, Castelli WP, Hershman JM, McNamara P, Bacharach P. (1985) The aging thyroid. Thyroid deficiency in the Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med. 145: 1386–1388
5. Lupoli G, Biondi B, Montedoro D, Valletta E, Sessa F, Spinelli L, et al. (1991) Systolic time intervals (STI) in various thyroid diseases. Acta Cardiol 46:87–91
6. Nystrom E, Caidahl K, Fager G, Wikkelso C, Lundberg PA, Lindstedt G. (1988) A double-blind cross-over 12-month study of L-thyroxine treatment of women with ‘subclinical’ hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol 29: 63–75
7. Monzani F, Di Bello V, Caraccio N, Bertini A, Giorgi D, Giusti C, et al. (2001) Effect of levothyroxine on cardiac function and structure in subclinical hypothyroidism: a double blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:1110–1115
8. Biondi B, Fazio S, Palmieri EA, Carella C, Panza N, Cittadini A, et al. (1999) Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:2064–2067
9. Di Bello V, Monzani F, Giorgi D, Bertini A, Caraccio N, Valenti G, et al. (2000) Ultrasonic myocardial textural analysis in subclinical hypothyroidism. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 13: 832–840
10. Vitale G, Galderisi M, Lupoli GA, Celentano A, Pietropaolo I, Parenti N, et al. (2002) Left ventricular myocardial impairment in subclinical hypothyroidism assessed by a new ultrasound tool: pulsed tissue Doppler. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:4350–4355
11. Yazici M, Gorgulu S, Sertbas Y, Erbilen E, Albayrak S, Yildiz O, et al. (2004) Effects of thyroxin therapy on cardiac function in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: index of myocardial performance in the evaluation of left ventricular function. Int J Cardiol 95: 135–143
12. Klein I, Ojamaa K. (2001) Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med 344: 501–509
13. Kahaly GJ. (2000) Cardiovascular and atherogenic aspects of subclinical hypothyroidism. Thyroid 10: 665–679
14. Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ, Drexhage HA, Hofman A, Witteman JC. (2000) Subclinical Hypothyroidism Is an Independent Risk Factor for Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction in Elderly Women:The Rotterdam Study. Ann Intern Med 132: 270–278
15. Sahn DJ, DeMaria A, Kisslo J, Weyman A. (1978) Recommendations regarding quantitation in M-mode echocardiography: results of a survey of echocardiographic measurements. Circulation 58:1072–1083
16. Henry WL, DeMaria A, Gramiak R, King DL, Kisslo JA, Popp RL, et al. (1980) Report of the American Society of Echocardiography Committee on Nomenclature and Standards in Two-dimensional Echocardiography. Circulation 62: 212–217
18. Osman F, Gammage MD, Franklyn JA. (2001) Thyroid disease and its treatment: short-term and long-term cardiovascular consequences. Curr Opin Pharmacol 1: 626–631
19. Arem R, Rokey R, Kiefe C, Escalante DA, Rodriguez A. (1996) Cardiac systolic and diastolic function at rest and exercise in subclinical hypothyroidism: effect of thyroid hormone therapy. Thyroid 6: 397–402
20. Tseng KH, Walfish PG, Persaud JA, Gilbert BW. (1989) Concurrent aortic and mitral valve echocardiography permits measurement of systolic time intervals as an index of peripheral tissue thyroid functional status. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 69: 633–638
21. Galderisi M, Vitale G, D’Errico A, Lupoli GA, Ciccarelli A, Cicala S, et al. (2004) Usefulness of pulsed tissue Doppler for the assessment of left ventricular myocardial function in overt hypothyroidism. Ital Heart J 5: 257–264
22. Mao SS, Zhao ZY, Jiang GP. (2004) Influence of congenital hypothyroidism on left ventricular function of neonates]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 42: 507–510
23. Ladenson PW, Sherman SI, Baughman KL, Ray PE, Feldman AM. (1992) Reversible alterations in myocardial gene expression in a young man with dilated cardiomyopathy and hypothyroidism. Proc Natl Acad Sci 89: 5251–5255
24. Walker JD, Crawford FA, Kato S, Spinale FG. (1994) The novel effects of 3,5,3’-triiodo-L-thyronine on myocyte contractile function and beta-adrenergic responsiveness in dilated cardiomyopathy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 108: 672–679
25. Dillmann WH. (1990) Biochemical basis of thyroid hormone action in the heart. Am J Med. 88: 626–630
26. Kiss E, Jakab G, Kranias EG, Edes I. (1994) Thyroid hormone-induced alterations in phospholamban protein expression. Regulatory effects on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport and myocardial relaxation. Circ Res 75: 245–251
27. Sicari R. (2005) Relevance of tissue Doppler in the quantification of stress echocardiography for the detection of myocardial ischemia in clinical practice. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 3: 2–6