Time trends in reported prevalence of kidney stones in the United States: 1976–199411.See Editorial by Goldfarb, p. 1951.

Johnson, 1979, Renal stone epidemiology: A 25-year study in Rochester Minnesota, Kidney Int, 16, 624, 10.1038/ki.1979.173

Norlin, 1976, Urolithiasis: A study of its frequency, Scand J Urol Nephrol, 10, 150, 10.3109/00365597609179677

Yoshida, 1990, Epidemiology of urolithiasis in Japan: A chronological and geographical study, Urol Int, 45, 104, 10.1159/000281680

Serio, 1999, Epidemiology of nephrolithiasis, Nephron, 81, 26, 10.1159/000046295

Trinchieri, 2000, Increase in the prevalence of symptomatic upper urinary track stones during the past ten years, Eur Urol, 37, 23, 10.1159/000020094

Sierakowski, 1978, The frequency of urolithiasis in hospital discharge diagnoses in the United States, Invest Urol, 15, 438

Powis, 1974, Management of patients with urinary calculi, Br Med J, 1, 355, 10.1136/bmj.1.5904.355

Parks, 1996, The financial effects of kidney stone prevention, Kidney Int, 50, 1706, 10.1038/ki.1996.489

Soucie, 1994, Demographic and geographic variability of kidney stones in the United States, Kidney Int, 46, 893, 10.1038/ki.1994.347

Curhan, 1998, Body size and risk of kidney stones, J Am Soc Nephrol, 9, 1645, 10.1681/ASN.V991645

Hiatt, 1982, Frequency of urolithiasis in a prepaid medical care program, Am J Epidemiol, 115, 255, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113297

Soucie, 1996, Relation between geographic variability in kidney stones prevalence and risk factors for stones, Am J Epidemiol, 143, 487, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008769

Sarmina, 1987, Urinary lithiasis in the black population: An epidemiological study and review of the literature, J Urol, 138, 14, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)42971-5

Curhan, 1994, Regional variation in nephrolithiasis incidence and prevalence among United States men, J Urol, 151, 838, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)35101-7

Pak, 1991, Etiology and treatment of urolithiasis, Am J Kidney Dis, 18, 624, 10.1016/S0272-6386(12)80602-0

Goldfarb, 1994, Diet and nephrolithiasis, Annu Rev Med, 45, 235, 10.1146/annurev.med.45.1.235

Curhan, 1997, Comparison of dietary calcium with supplemental calcium and other nutrients as factors affecting the risk for kidney stones in women, Ann Int Med, 126, 497, 10.7326/0003-4819-126-7-199704010-00001

Curhan, 1993, A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones, N Engl J Med, 328, 833, 10.1056/NEJM199303253281203

National Center for Health Statistics, 1996

U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Survey Nutrient Databases for NHANES III, Phase 1 (1993) and Phase 2 (1995), Riverdale, MD

Willett, 1990

SAS Institute Cary, NC SAS Institute SAS/STAT Users Guide, Version 6

Shah, 1996

Shuster, 1982, Water hardness and urinary stone disease, J Urol, 128, 422, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)52951-1

Parry, 1975, Sunlight and hypercalciuria, Lancet, 1, 1063, 10.1016/S0140-6736(75)91830-9

Coe, 1974, Hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis, N Engl J Med, 291, 1344, 10.1056/NEJM197412192912510

Cappuccio, 1990, Kidney stones and hypertension: Population based study of a independent clinical association, Br Med J, 300, 1234, 10.1136/bmj.300.6734.1234

Madore, 1998, Nephrolithiasis and risk of hypertension in women, Am J Kidney Dis, 32, 802, 10.1016/S0272-6386(98)70136-2

Sowers, 1998, Prevalence of renal stones in a population-based study of dietary calcium, oxalate, and medication exposures, Am J Epidemiol, 147, 914, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009381