Tidal stream to mainstream: mechanical testing of composite tidal stream blades to de-risk operational design life
Tóm tắt
Tidal energy has seen a surge of interest in recent years with several companies developing technology to harness the power of the world’s oceans where the operational capacity in Europe was over 11 MW in 2020. One such developer is the partnership of SCHOTTEL Hydro (Germany) and Sustainable Marine (UK) who have developed a scalable multi-turbine device equipped with 70 kW turbines and capable of operating in arrays at sites around the world. The technology to harness tidal energy is still at a relatively early stage of development; hence, de-risking of component parts plays a vital role on the road to commercialisation. Despite this, the number of tidal energy blades undergoing test programmes remains small. Two different rotor diameters have been developed for the aforementioned device such that it can be optimised for sites of varying potential. In this paper, a blade from each of the 4.0 m and 6.3 m diameter devices was tested for their responses in natural frequency, static loading and fatigue loading under test standards IEC 62600-3:2020 and DNVGL-ST-0164. Testing saw the survival of a blade in fatigue at a lifetime-equivalent load and the generation of natural frequency, strain and displacement results for both blades. Data generated from the testing as a whole will contribute to the modelling and validation of future tidal blades.
Tài liệu tham khảo
ASTM (2011) Standard practices for cycle counting in fatigue analysis. In: ASTM International, West Conshohocken, E1049–85
Cagney D (2020) 2030 Ocean Energy Vision Industry analysis of future deployments, costs and supply chains. Brussels: Ocean Energy Europe. https://www.oceanenergy-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/OEE_2030_Ocean_Energy_Vision.pdf. Accessed 9 Jun 2021
de la Torre O, Moore D, Gavigan D, Goggins J (2018) Accelerated life testing study of a novel tidal turbine blade attachment. Int J Fatigue 114:226–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2018.05.029
DNV GL (2015) Tidal turbines, in DNV Standard, DNVGL-ST0164, ed. Oslo, Norway
Fagan EM, Kennedy CR, Leen SB, Goggins J (2016) Damage mechanics based design methodology for tidal current turbine composite blades. Renew Energy 97:358–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.05.093
Finnegan W, Fagan E, Flanagan T, Doyle A, Goggins J (2020) Operational fatigue loading on tidal turbine blades using computational fluid dynamics. Renew Energy 152:430–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.12.154
Garanovic A (2020) Tidal blade endures weight load of 10 double-decker buses. Offshore Energy Biz. https://www.offshore-energy.biz/tidal-blade-endures-weight-load-of-10-double-decker-buses/
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) (2020) IEC TS 62600-3:2020 Marine energy—wave, tidal and other water current converters. In: Part 3: Measurement of mechanical loads, ed
Jeffcoate P, Starzmann R, Elsaesser B, Scholl S, Bischof S (2015) Field measurements of a full scale tidal turbine. Int J Mar Energy 12:3–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijome.2015.04.002
Jiang Y, Fagan E, and Goggins J (2019) Structural design and optimisation of a full-scale tidal turbine blade. In: 13th European wave and tidal energy conference (EWTEC). Naples, Italy, 2019. Paper No. 1583
Jiang Y, Finnegan W, Kazemi Vanhari A, Meier P, Fagan E, Goggins J (2020) Natural frequency measurement of a 13-meter wind turbine blade using different techniques. In: Proceedings of Civil Engineering Research in Ireland 2020 (CERI2020), Cork, Ireland, 2020, pp 265–270. https://sword.cit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1045&context=ceri
Kaufmann N (2019) Small horizontal axis free-flow turbines for tidal currents, PhD Thesis, Shaker Verlag GmbH, Germany
Kennedy R, Jaksic V, Leen SB, Brádaigh CM (2018) Fatigue life of pitch- and stall-regulated composite tidal turbine blades. Renew Energy 121:688–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.01.085
Kist S (2020) RivGen® power system now longest operating current energy converter in US. https://www.orpc.co/uploads/news/orpc-rivgen-power-system-now-longest-operating-current-energy-converter-10-05b-2020_637375865099902799.pdf. Accessed 9 Jun 2021
Lake T, Hughes J, Togneri M, Williams AJ, Jeffcoate P, Starzmann R, Kaufmann N, Masters I (2021) Strain gauge measurements on a full scale tidal turbine blade. Renew Energy 170:985–996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.137
Meier P, Finnegan W, Cronin P, Donegan J, Barrington M, Hung LC, Goggins J (2020) Static and fatigue testing of a full scale helical river turbine foil. In: Proceedings of Civil Engineering Research in Ireland 2020 (CERI2020), Cork, Ireland, pp 271–276. https://sword.cit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1046&context=ceri
Parkinson S, Collier W (2016) Model validation of hydrodynamic loads and performance of a full-scale tidal turbine using Tidal Bladed. Int J Mar Energy 16:279–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijome.2016.08.001
Starzmann R, Goebel I, Jeffcoate P (2018) Field performance testing of a floating tidal energy platform—part 1: power performance. In: Proc. 4th Asian wave and tidal energy conference, Taipee
Starzmann R, Kaufmann N, Jeffcoate P (2019) Full and model scale testing of two different rotor diameters for instream power generation. In: Proc. 13th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, Naples, Italy
Sustainable Marine (2021) Homepage. Sustainable marine. https://www.sustainablemarine.com/plat-i. Accessed 9 Jun 2021
Watt S (2021) Orbital marine power launches O2: world’s most powerful tidal turbine. Orbital Marine Power Ltd. https://orbitalmarine.com/orbital-marine-power-launches-o2/. Accessed 9 Jun 2021