Suy nghĩ vượt ra ngoài rào cản: sự khác biệt trung tính và thích nghi trong các hệ sinh thái san hô Ấn Độ - Thái Bình Dương

Evolutionary Ecology - Tập 28 - Trang 991-1002 - 2014
John B. Horne1
1Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal

Tóm tắt

Sự phân hóa quần thể ở các loài biển thường diễn ra mà không có đặc điểm địa lý rõ ràng để đánh dấu ranh giới quần thể. Trong bối cảnh thiếu một rào cản phân biệt cho dòng gene, việc đưa ra các kết luận mạnh mẽ về các quá trình dẫn dắt sự phân hóa quần thể trong đại dương thường trở nên khó khăn. Bởi vì kiến thức của chúng ta về các kiểu mẫu phát triển far hơn hiểu biết của chúng ta về các quá trình, nên có nhu cầu mở rộng các giả thuyết liên quan đến sự phân hóa quần thể ở các loài biển. Tại đây, tôi cho rằng một số quá trình ở cấp độ quần thể (mở rộng vùng phân bố, hạn chế sự khuếch tán không gian và động lực học siêu quần thể) là nguyên nhân chính dẫn đến cấu trúc không gian trong các quần thể biển thay vì là các yếu tố phụ trợ giúp phân hóa qua một rào cản vật lý không hoàn chỉnh đối với dòng gene. Đặc biệt, tôi sử dụng các ví dụ từ các sinh vật sống trong hệ sinh thái san hô Ấn Độ - Thái Bình Dương để minh họa cho quan điểm này. Liên quan đến điều này, các kiểu mẫu phân hóa thích nghi có khả năng không tương quan với các kiểu mẫu phân hóa trung tính chọn lọc trong nhiều trường hợp, vì các quá trình ảnh hưởng đến các dấu hiệu di truyền thích nghi và trung tính là khác nhau.

Từ khóa

#phân hóa quần thể #quá trình sinh học biển #động lực học siêu quần thể #sinh vật san hô #Ấn Độ-Thái Bình Dương

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