Thermomechanical feedbacks in magmatic systems: Implications for growth, longevity, and evolution of large caldera-forming magma reservoirs and their supereruptions

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research - Tập 282 - Trang 77-91 - 2014
Shanaka L. de Silva1, P. M. Gregg1
1College of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Allan, 2012, The invisible hand: tectonic triggering and modulation of a rhyolitic supereruption, Geology, 40, 563, 10.1130/G32969.1

Allan, 2013, From mush to eruption in centuries: assembly of the super-sized Oruanui magma body, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 166, 143, 10.1007/s00410-013-0869-2

Anderson, 2013, Batholith tectonics: formation and deformation of ghost stratigraphy during assembly of the mid-crustal Andalshatten batholith, central Norway, Geosphere, 9, 667, 10.1130/GES00824.1

Annen, 2009, From plutons to magma chambers: thermal constraints on the accumulation of eruptible silicic magma in the upper crust, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 284, 409, 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.006

Annen, 2011, Implications of incremental emplacement of magma bodies for magma differentiation, thermal aureole dimensions and plutonism–volcanism relationships, Tectonophysics, 500, 3, 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.04.010

Annen, 2001, The long-term growth of volcanic edifices: numerical modelling of the role of dyke intrusion and lava-flow emplacement, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 105, 263, 10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00257-2

Arndt, 1997, Thermal and rheological properties of granodioritic rocks form Central Andes, North Chile, Tectonophysics, 271, 75, 10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00218-1

Bachmann, 2004, On the origin of crystal-poor rhyolites: extracted from batholithic crystal mushes, J. Petrol., 45, 1565, 10.1093/petrology/egh019

Bachmann, 2002, The Fish canyon magma body, San Juan Volcanic Field, Colorado: rejuvenation and eruption of an upper crustal batholith, J. Petrol., 4, 1469, 10.1093/petrology/43.8.1469

Bachmann, 2007, The volcanic–plutonic connection as a stage for understanding crustal magmatism, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 167, 1, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.08.002

Bachmann, 2007, Zircon crystallization and recycling in the magma chamber of the rhyolitic Kos Plateau Tuff (Aegean arc), Geology, 35, 73, 10.1130/G23151A.1

Bacon, 1983, Eruptive history of Mount Mazama and Crater Lake caldera, Cascade Range, USA, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 18, 57, 10.1016/0377-0273(83)90004-5

Barton, 1989, Magmatism and the development of low-pressure metamorphic belts: implications from the western United States and thermal modeling, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 101, 1051, 10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<1051:MATDOL>2.3.CO;2

Barton, 1991, Aureole systematics, Rev. Mineral. Geochem., 26, 723

Bergfeld, 2006, Carbon dioxide emissions from vegetation-kill zones around the resurgent dome of Long Valley Caldera, Eastern California, USA, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 152, 140, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.11.003

Best, 1991, Limited extension during peak Tertiary volcanism, Great Basin of Nevada and Utah, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 13,509, 10.1029/91JB00244

Best, 2013, The 36–18Ma Indian Peak–Caliente Ignimbrite Field and Calderas, southeastern Great Basin, USA: multicyclic super-eruptions, Geosphere, 9, 864, 10.1130/GES00902.1

Bindeman, 2014, Rhyolites — hard to produce but easy to recycle and sequester: bringing together microgeochemical observations and numerical models, Geosphere, 10.1130/GES00969.1

Blake, 1984, Volatile oversaturation during the evolution of silicic magma chambers as an eruption trigger, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 8237, 10.1029/JB089iB10p08237

Bourdon, 1994, Evolution of the Laacher See magma chamber: evidence from SIMS and TIMS measurements of U–Th disequilibria in mineral and glasses, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 126, 75, 10.1016/0012-821X(94)90243-7

Bowers, 1990, Conduction model for the thermal evolution of the Cupsuptic aureole, Maine, Am. J. Sci., 290, 644, 10.2475/ajs.290.6.644

Boyce, 2008, Magmatic degassing histories from apatite volatile stratigraphy, Geology, 36, 63, 10.1130/G24184A.1

Brace, 1980, Limits on lithospheric stress imposed by laboratory experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 6248, 10.1029/JB085iB11p06248

Brown, 1994, The generation, segregation, ascent, and emplacement of granite magma: the migmatite-to-crustally-derived granite connection in thickened orogens, Earth-Sci. Rev., 36, 83, 10.1016/0012-8252(94)90009-4

Brown, 1999, Crustal melting and granite magmatism: key issues, Phys. Chem. Earth Inter., 26, 210

Brown, 1999, SHRIMP U–Pb dating of the preeruption growth history of zircons from the 340ka Whakamaru Ignimbrite, New Zealand: evidence for >250k.y. magma residence times, Geology, 27, 1035, 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<1035:SUPDOT>2.3.CO;2

Buddington, 1959, Granite emplacement with special reference to North America, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 70, 671, 10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[671:GEWSRT]2.0.CO;2

Burgissier, 2011, A rapid mechanism to remobilize and homogenize highly crystalline magma bodies, Nature, 471, 212, 10.1038/nature09799

Caricchi, 2014, Frequency and magnitude of volcanic eruptions controlled by magma injection and buoyancy, Nat. Geosci, 10.1038/ngeo2041

Carter, 1987, Flow properties of continental lithosphere, Tectonophysics, 136, 27, 10.1016/0040-1951(87)90333-7

Chamberlain, 2014, New perspectives on the Bishop Tuff from zircon textures, ages and trace elements, J. Petrol., 55, 395, 10.1093/petrology/egt072

Charlier, 2010, Chronology and evolution of caldera-forming and post-caldera magma systems at Okataina volcano, New Zealand from zircon U–Th model-age spectra, J. Petrol., 51, 1121, 10.1093/petrology/egq015

Chesner, 2012, The Toba Caldera complex, Quat. Int., 258, 5, 10.1016/j.quaint.2011.09.025

Christensen, 1993, Time scales of large volume silicic magma systems: Sr isotopic systematics of phenocrysts and glass from the Bishop Tuff, Long Valley, California, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 113, 100, 10.1007/BF00320834

Christiansen, 1984, Yellowstone magmatic evolution: its bearing on understanding large-volume explosive volcanism, 84

Christiansen, 2001, The quaternary and Pliocene Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field of Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 729-G

Cole, 2005, Calderas and caldera structures: a review, Earth Sci. Rev., 69, 1, 10.1016/j.earscirev.2004.06.004

Colucci, 1991, Precaldera lavas of the southeast San Juan volcanic field: parent magmas and crustal interactions. J. Geophys. Res, Solid Earth (1978–2012), 96, 13413

Coney, 1978, Mesozoic-Cenozoic Cordilleram plate tectonics, 152, 33

Costa, 2008, Residence times of silicic magmas associated with calderas, 1, 10.1016/S1871-644X(07)00001-0

de Silva, 1989, Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex of the Central Andes, Geology, 17, 1102, 10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<1102:APVCOT>2.3.CO;2

de Silva, 2007, Episodic construction of batholiths: insights from the spatiotemporal development of an ignimbrite flare-up, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 167, 320, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.07.015

de Silva, 1995, Zoned magma chambers: the influence of magma chamber geometry on sidewall convective fractionation, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 65, 111, 10.1016/0377-0273(94)00105-P

de Silva, 1990, Explosive volcanism and associated pressures; implications for models of endogenically shocked quartz, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 247, 139, 10.1130/SPE247-p139

de Silva, 2006, Large ignimbrite eruptions and volcano-tectonic depressions in the Central Andes: a thermomechanical perspective, Geol. Soc. Lond., Spec. Publ., 269, 47, 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.269.01.04

DeCelles, 2009, Cyclicity in Cordilleran Orogenic Systems, Nat. Geosci., 2, 251, 10.1038/ngeo469

Dehls, 1998, Fracture control of late Archean pluton emplacement in the northern Slave Province, Canada, J. Struct. Geol., 20, 1145, 10.1016/S0191-8141(98)00055-8

Dragoni, 1989, Displacement and stress produced by a pressurized, spherical magma chamber, surrounded by a viscoelastic shell, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 56, 316, 10.1016/0031-9201(89)90166-0

Ducea, 2001, The California arc: Thick granitic batholiths, eclogitic residues, lithospheric-scale thrusting, and magmatic flare-ups, GSA Today, 11, 4, 10.1130/1052-5173(2001)011<0004:TCATGB>2.0.CO;2

Ducea, 2007, Igniting flare-up events in Cordilleran arcs, Geology, 35, 1047, 10.1130/G23898A.1

Dufek, 2005, Lower crustal magma genesis and preservation: a stochastic framework for the evaluation of basalt–crust interaction, J. Petrol., 46, 2167, 10.1093/petrology/egi049

Ellis, 2014, Cumulate fragments in silicic ignimbrites: the case of the Snake River Plain, Geology, 42, 431, 10.1130/G35399.1

Elston, 1984, Subduction of young oceanic lithosphere and extensional orogeny in Southwestern North America during Mid-Tertiary Times, Tectonics, 3, 229, 10.1029/TC003i002p00229

Folch, 1998, The generation of overpressure in felsic magma chambers by replenishment, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 163, 301, 10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00196-4

Folkes, 2011, A re-appraisal of the stratigraphy and volcanology of the Cerro Galan volcanic system, NW Argentina, Bull. Volcanol., 73, 1427, 10.1007/s00445-011-0459-y

Folkes, 2011, Geochemical homogeneity of a long-lived, large silicic system; evidence from the Cerro Galán Caldera, NW Argentina, Bull. Volcanol., 73, 1455, 10.1007/s00445-011-0511-y

Folkes, 2011, A reconnaissance of U–Pb zircon ages in the Cerro Galán system, NW Argentina: prolonged magma residence, crystal recycling, and crustal assimilation, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 206, 136, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.06.001

Francis, 1978, The Cerro Galan Caldera, Northwest Argentina and its tectonic setting, Nature, 274, 749, 10.1038/274749a0

Gans, 1989, Synextensional magmatism in the Basin and Range Province; a case study from the eastern Great Basin: Boulder, Colorado, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 233, 53

Gelman, 2013, On the longevity of large upper crustal silicic magma reservoirs, Geology, 41, 759, 10.1130/G34241.1

Gerya, 2009

Gerya, 2007, Intrusion of ultramafic magmatic bodies into the continental crust: numerical simulation, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 160, 124, 10.1016/j.pepi.2006.10.004

Geyer, 2008, The new worldwide collapse caldera database (CCDB): a tool for studying and understanding caldera processes, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 175, 334, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.03.017

Giraud, 2010, Rapid extraction of discrete magma batches from a large differentiating magma chamber: the Central Plateau Member rhyolites, Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 160, 441, 10.1007/s00410-009-0487-1

Glazner, 2004, GSA Today, 14, 4, 10.1130/1052-5173(2004)014<0004:APAOMO>2.0.CO;2

Gregg, 2012, Catastrophic caldera-forming eruptions: thermomechanics and implications for eruption triggering and maximum caldera dimensions on Earth, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 214–242, 1, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.06.009

Gregg, 2013, Thermomechanics of shallow magma chamber pressurization: implications for the assessment of ground deformation data at active volcanoes, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 384, 100, 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.09.040

Grunder, 1995, Material and thermal roles of basalt in crustal magmatism: case study from eastern Nevada, Geology, 23, 952, 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0952:MATROB>2.3.CO;2

Grunder, 2007, Patterns in long-lived continental magmatism; crustal modulation of mantle-derived input

Grunder, 2006, Eleven million years of arc volcanism at the Aucanquilcha Volcanic Cluster, northern Chilean Andes. Transaction of Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sci., 97, 415

Halliday, 1989, Evidence for long residence times of rhyolitic magma in the Long Valley magmatic system: the isotopic record in precaldera lavas of Glass Mountain, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 94, 274, 10.1016/0012-821X(89)90146-5

Han, 2010, Age, geochemistry, and tectonic implications of a late Paleozoic stitching pluton in the North Tian Shan suture zone, western China, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 122, 627, 10.1130/B26491.1

Hanson, 1989, Thermal development of low-pressure metamorphic belts: results from two-dimensional numerical models, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (1978–2012), 94, 10363, 10.1029/JB094iB08p10363

Hanson, 1995, Thermal requirements for extensional emplacement of granitoids, Geology, 23, 213, 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0213:TRFEEO>2.3.CO;2

Hawkesworth, 2004, Time scales of magmatic processes, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 218, 1, 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00634-4

Hildreth, 1981, Gradients in silicic magma chambers: implications for lithospheric magmatism, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 10153, 10.1029/JB086iB11p10153

Hildreth, 1988, Crustal Contributions to Arc Magmatism in the Andes of Central Chile, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 98, 455, 10.1007/BF00372365

Hildreth, 2004, Volcanological perspectives on Long Valley, Mammoth Mountain, and Mono Craters: several contiguous but discrete systems, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 136, 169, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.019

Hogan, 1998, Magma traps and driving pressure: consequences for pluton shape and emplacement in an extensional regime, J. Struct. Geol., 20, 1155, 10.1016/S0191-8141(98)00063-7

Huber, 2009, Homogenization processes in silicic magma chambers by stirring and mushification (latent heat buffering), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 283, 38, 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.03.029

Hughes, 2008, Tectonic controls on the nature of large silicic calderas in volcanic arcs, Geology, 36, 627, 10.1130/G24796A.1

Hughes, 2011, Silicic calderas in arc settings: characteristics, distribution, and tectonic controls, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 123, 1577, 10.1130/B30232.1

Jaeger, 1964, Thermal effects of intrusions, Rev. Geophys., 2, 443, 10.1029/RG002i003p00443

Jellinek, 2003, A model for the origin of large silicic magma chambers: precursors of caldera-forming eruptions, Bull. Volcanol., 65, 363, 10.1007/s00445-003-0277-y

Karlstrom, 2009, Organization of volcanic plumbing through magmatic lensing by magma chambers and volcanic loads, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 114, 10.1029/2009JB006339

Karlstrom, 2010, Magma chamber stability in arc and continental crust, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 190, 249, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.10.003

Karlstrom, 2012, Caldera size modulated by the yield stress within a crystal-rich magma reservoir, Nature Geoscience, 10.1038/ngeo1453

Kaus, 2006, Initiation of localized shear zones in viscoelastoplastic rocks, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 111, 10.1029/2005JB003652

Kennedy, 2008, Coupled caldera subsidence and stirring inferred from analogue models, Nat. Geosci., 1, 385, 10.1038/ngeo206

Kirby, 1980, Tectonic stresses in the lithosphere: constraints provided by the experimental deformation of rocks, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 6353, 10.1029/JB085iB11p06353

Koyaguchi, 1999, A two-stage thermal evolution model of magmas in continental crust, J. Petrol., 40, 241, 10.1093/petroj/40.2.241

Lindsay, 2001, La Pacana Caldera, N. Chile: a re-evaluation of the stratigraphy and volcanology of one of the world's largest resurgent calderas, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 106, 145, 10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00270-5

Lindsay, 2001, Magmatic evolution of the La Pacana Caldera System, Central Andes, Chile: compositional variation of two cogenetic, large-volume felsic ignimbrites, J. Petrol., 42, 459, 10.1093/petrology/42.3.459

Lipman, 1984, The roots of ash flow calderas in western North America: windows into the tops of granitic batholiths, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 8801, 10.1029/JB089iB10p08801

Lipman, 1997, Subsidence of ash-flow calderas: relation to caldera size and magma chamber geometry, Bull. Volcanol., 59, 198, 10.1007/s004450050186

Lipman, 2007, Incremental assembly and prolonged consolidation of Cordilleran magma chambers: evidence from the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Geosphere, 3, 42, 10.1130/GES00061.1

Lipman, 1972, Cenozoic Volcanism and Plate-Tectonic Evolution of the Western United States. I. Early and Middle Cenozoic Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, vol. 271, No. 1213, 217

Lowenstern, 2008, Monitoring a supervolcano in repose: heat and volatile flux at the Yellowstone Caldera, Elements, 4, 35, 10.2113/GSELEMENTS.4.1.35

Malfait, 2014, Supervolcano eruptions driven by melt buoyancy in large silicic magma chambers, Nat. Geosci, 10.1038/ngeo2042

Marsh, 1981, On the crystallinity, probability of occurrence, and rheology of lava and magma, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 78, 85, 10.1007/BF00371146

Marsh, 1984, On the mechanics of caldera resurgence, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 8245, 10.1029/JB089iB10p08245

Mason, 2004, The size and frequency of the largest explosive eruptions on Earth, Bull. Volcanol., 66, 735, 10.1007/s00445-004-0355-9

Maughan, 2002, The Oligocene Lund Tuff, Great Basin, USA: a very large volume monotonous intermediate, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 113, 129, 10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00256-6

Meert, 2010, J. Asian Earth Sci., 39, 483, 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.04.026

Miller, 2002, Contrasting stratified plutons exposed in tilt blocks, Eldorado Mountains, Colorado River Rift, NV, USA, Lithos, 61, 209, 10.1016/S0024-4937(02)00080-4

Miller, 1999, In defense of magmatic diapirs, J. Struct. Geol., 21, 1161, 10.1016/S0191-8141(99)00033-4

Miller, 2007, Zircon growth and recycling during the assembly of large, composite arc plutons, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 167, 282, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.04.019

Paquet, 1981, Effect of partial melting on rock deformation: experimental and natural evidences on rocks of granitic compositions, Tectonophysics, 78, 545, 10.1016/0040-1951(81)90028-7

Paterson, 1998, Mid-crustal magmatic sheets in the Cascades Mountains, Washington: implications for magma ascent, J. Struct. Geol., 20, 1345, 10.1016/S0191-8141(98)00072-8

Paterson, 2011, Magma addition and flux calculations of incrementally constructed magma chambers in continental margin arcs: combined field, geochronologic, and thermal modeling studies, Geosphere, 7, 1439, 10.1130/GES00696.1

Peressini, 2007, Duration of a large mafic intrusion and heat transfer in the lower crust: a SHRIMP U–Pb zircon study in the Ivrea-Verbano Zone (Western Alps, Italy), J. Petrol., 48, 1185, 10.1093/petrology/egm014

Reid, M.R., 2003. Timescales of Magma Transfer and Storage in the Crust. In: Treatise on Geochemistry, Volume 3. Editor: Roberta L. Rudnick. Executive Editors: Heinrich D. Holland and Karl K. Turekian. pp. 659. ISBN 0-08-043751-6. Elsevier, p.167–193.

Reid, 1997, Prolonged residence times for the youngest rhyolites associated with Long Valley Caldera: 230Th–238U ion microprobe dating of young zircons, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 150, 27, 10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00077-0

Riller, 2001, Late Cenozoic tectonism, collapse caldera and plateau formation in the central Andes, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 188, 299, 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00333-8

Rowe, 2007, Development of a continental volcanic field: petrogenesis of pre-caldera intermediate and silicic rocks and origin of the Bandelier magmas, Jemez Mountains (New Mexico, USA), J. Petrol., 48, 2063, 10.1093/petrology/egm050

Rowland, 2010, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 190, 89, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.05.004

Rubin, 1995, Getting granite dikes out of the source region, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 5911, 10.1029/94JB02942

Rubin, 1995, Propagation of magma-filled cracks, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 23, 287, 10.1146/annurev.ea.23.050195.001443

Saleeby, 2008, Chronology of pluton emplacement and regional deformation in the southern Sierra Nevada Batholith, California, 438, 397

Sambridge, 1994, Mixture modelling of multi-component datasets with application to ion-probe zircon ages, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 128, 373, 10.1016/0012-821X(94)90157-0

Scaillet, 1998, Phase equilibrium constraints 341 on the viscosity of silicic magmas. 1. Volcanic–plutonic comparison, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 27,257, 10.1029/98JB02469

Schmitt, 2001, Gas-saturated crystallization and degassing in large-volume, crystal-rich dacite magmas from the Altiplano-Puna, northern Chile, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 30,561, 10.1029/2000JB000089

Schmitt, 2011, Uranium series accessory crystal dating of magmatic processes, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 39, 321, 10.1146/annurev-earth-040610-133330

Schmitt, 2003, U–Pb zircon chronostratigraphy of early-Pliocene ignimbrites from La Pacana, north Chile: implications for the formation of stratified magma chambers, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 120, 43, 10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00359-1

Schmitz, 2001, U–Pb zircon and titanite systematics of the Fish Canyon Tuff: an assessment of high-precision U–Pb geochronology and its application to young volcanic rocks, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 65, 2571, 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00616-0

Self, 1986, Explosive rhyolitic volcanism in the Jemez Mountains: vent locations, caldera development and relation to regional structure, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 1779, 10.1029/JB091iB02p01779

Shaw, 1985, Links between magma-tectonic rate balances, plutonism, and volcanism, J. Geophys. Res, 90, 11275, 10.1029/JB090iB13p11275

Simakin, 2011, The role of magma-chamber fault interaction in caldera-forming eruptions, Bull Volcanology, 72, 85, 10.1007/s00445-009-0306-6

Simon, 2005, The pace of rhyolite differentiation and storage in an ‘archetypical’ silicic magma system, Long Valley, California, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 235, 123, 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.03.013

Simon, 2014, Assimilation of preexisting Pleistocene intrusions at Long Valley by periodic magma recharge accelerates rhyolite generation: rethinking the remelting model, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 167, 10.1007/s00410-013-0955-5

Smith, 1960, Ash flows, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 71, 795, 10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[795:AF]2.0.CO;2

Smith, 1979, Ash flow magmatism, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 180, 5, 10.1130/SPE180-p5

Smith, 1968, Resurgent cauldrons, Mem. Geol. Soc. Am., 116, 613, 10.1130/MEM116-p613

Smith, 1975, Igneous-related geothermal systems, 726, 58

Smith, 2009, Fracturing of volcanic systems: experimental insights into pre-eruptive conditions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 280, 211, 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.032

Sparks, 1985, Ignimbrites of the Cerro Galan Caldera, NW Argentina, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 24, 205, 10.1016/0377-0273(85)90071-X

Spera, 1981, Eruption volume, periodicity, and caldera area: relationships and inferences on development of compositional zonation in silicic magma chambers, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 11, 169, 10.1016/0377-0273(81)90021-4

Stix, 1996, Gas saturation and evolution of volatile and light lithophile elements in the Bandelier magma chamber between two caldera-forming eruptions, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 101, 25181, 10.1029/96JB00815

Tait, 1989, Pressure, gas content and eruption periodicity of a shallow, crystallizing magma chamber, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 92, 107, 10.1016/0012-821X(89)90025-3

Takeuchi, 2004, Precursory dike propagation control of viscous magma eruptions, Geology, 32, 1001, 10.1130/G20792.1

Valentine, 1993, Note on the distribution of basaltic volcanism associated with large silicic centers, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 56, 167, 10.1016/0377-0273(93)90058-Y

van Bemmelen, 1939, The volcano-tectonic origin of Lake Toba (North Sumatra), De Ing. Ned. Indie, 6–9, 126

Vigneresse, 1995, Crustal regime of deformation and ascent of granitic magma, Tectonophysics, 249, 187, 10.1016/0040-1951(95)00005-8

Vigneresse, 1999, Intrusion level of granitic massifs along the Hercynian belt: balancing the eroded crust, Tectonophysics, 307, 277, 10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00104-3

Volpe, 1991, 238U–230Th–226Ra disequilibrium in young Mt St Helens rocks: time constraint for magma formation and crystallization, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 107, 475, 10.1016/0012-821X(91)90094-X

Vosteen, 2003, Influence of temperature on thermal conductivity, thermal capacity and thermal diffusivity for different types of rock, Phys. Chem. Earth, 28, 499, 10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00069-X

Walker, 1984, Downsag calderas, ring faults, caldera sizes, and incremental caldera growth, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 8407, 10.1029/JB089iB10p08407

Wark, 2007, Pre-eruption recharge of the Bishop magma system, Geology, 35, 235, 10.1130/G23316A.1

Weinberg, 1994, Diapiric ascent of magmas through power-law crust and mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 9543, 10.1029/93JB03461

Wells, 1980, Thermal models for the magmatic accretion and subsequent metamorphism of continental crust, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 46, 253, 10.1016/0012-821X(80)90011-4

Whitney, 1985, Mineralogy, petrology, and magmatic conditions from the Fish Canyon Tuff, central San Juan volcanic field, Colorado, J. Petrol., 26, 726, 10.1093/petrology/26.3.726

Whittington, 2009, Temperature-dependent thermal diffusivity of the Earth's crust and implications for magmatism, Nature, 458, 319, 10.1038/nature07818

Wilson, 1995, Volcanic and structural evolution of Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: a review, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 68, 1, 10.1016/0377-0273(95)00006-G

Wilson, 2006, The 26.5ka Oruanui eruption, Taupo volcano, New Zealand: development, characteristics and evacuation of a large rhyolitic magma body, J. Petrol., 47, 35, 10.1093/petrology/egi066

Wohletz, 1999, Thermal evolution of the Phlegrean magmatic system, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 91, 381, 10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00048-7

Wolff, 1995, Is the Valles Caldera entering a new cycle of activity?, Geology, 23, 411, 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0411:ITVCEA>2.3.CO;2

Wotzlaw, 2013, Tracking the evolution of large volume silicic magma reservoirs from assembly to supereruption, Geology, 41, 867, 10.1130/G34366.1

Yoshinobu, 1998, Modeling the thermal evolution of fault-controlled magma emplacement models: implications for the solidification of granitoid plutons, J. Struct. Geol., 20, 1205, 10.1016/S0191-8141(98)00064-9

Zimmerer, 2012, An investigation of caldera-forming magma chambers using the timing of ignimbrite eruptions and pluton emplacement at the Mt. Aetna caldera complex, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 245–246, 128, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.08.007