Thermal Stability, Smoke Density, and Flame Retardance of Ecotype Bio-Based Flame Retardant Agricultural Waste Bagasse/Epoxy Composites

Polymers - Tập 13 Số 17 - Trang 2977
Shang‐Hao Liu1, Cing‐Yu Ke2, Chin‐Lung Chiang2
1Department of Ammunition Engineering and Explosion Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
2Green Flame Retardant Material Research Laboratory, Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, 433, Taiwan

Tóm tắt

In the study, agricultural waste bagasse was used as a bio-based flame retardant for reducing the flammability of epoxy. Specifically, an interpenetrating network (IPN) was formed through a ring opening reaction between the hydroxyl functional group of bagasse and the epoxy group of triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), forming Bagasse@TGIC. Next, 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) was mixed with Bagasse@TGIC, inducing a reaction between the active hydrogen of DOPO and the epoxy group of TGIC, ultimately forming Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO with an IPN structure. Finally, the novel flame retardant was added to epoxy to create a composite. The integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) of pure epoxy is 619 °C; after the introduction of the 30 wt% flame retardant, the IPDT of the resultant composite material increased to 799 °C, greatly increasing the thermal stability by 29%. After the addition of the Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO flame retardant, the limiting oxygen index increased from 21% for the pure epoxy to 29% for the composite, and the UL-94 rating improved from failing rating for the pure epoxy and V-0 rating for the composite. The Raman spectrum indicated that the addition of Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO IPN substantially increased the biochar yield during the burning process, increasing thermal stability. These results confirmed that the epoxy/Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO composite had substantial flame retarding effects.

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Polymers

Tập 13 Số 17

2977

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