Therapy for H. pylori infection
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Van Zanten SJO, Sherman PM: Helicobacter pylori infection as a cause of gastritis, duodenal ulcer, gastric cancer and non-ulcer dyspepsia: a systemic overview. Can Med Assoc J 1994, 150:177–185.
Graham DY, Adam E, Reddy GT: Seroepidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in India: comparison of developing and developed countries. Dig Dis Sci 1991, 36:1084–1088.
Graham DY, Malaty HM, Evans DG, et al.: Epidemiology of H. pylori in an asymptomatic population in the United States: effect of age, race and socioeconomic status. Gastroenterology 1991,100:1495–1501.
Laine L, Hopkins RJ, Girardi LS: Has the impact of Helicobacter pylori therapy on ulcer recurrence in the United States been overstated? A meta-analysis of rigorously designed trials. Am J Gastroenterol 1998, 93:1409–1415. This meta-analysis showed that, in 20% of North American patients with duodenal ulcers not related to the use of NSAIDs, these ulcers are not apparently associated with H. pylori infection and do not heal with its eradication. These results indicate that non-H. pylori and non-NSAID ulcers may be more common than once thought.
Armstrong D, Hunt RH: Helicobacter pylori and dyspepsia: a conceptual approach. In Helicobacter pylori: Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Cure. Edited by Hunt RH, Tytgat GNJ. Lancaster: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1996:324–339.
Van Zanten SJO, Sherman PM, Hunt RHH: Helicobacter pylori: new developments and treatments. Can Med Assoc J 1997, 156:1565–1574.
McColl K, Murray L, El-Omar E, et al.: Symptomatic benefit from eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia. N Engl J Med 1998, 339:1869–1874. Report from an important randomized, single-center, placebocontrolled study indicating a clear benefit in symptom relief to dyspeptic patients through treatment with omeprazole and antibiotics to eradicate infection.
Blum AL, Talley NJ, O'Morain C, et al.: Lack of effect of treating Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia. N Engl J Med 1998, 339:1875–1881. Contrasting results from those of McColl et al. [10] from this carefully performed double-blinded, multicenter trial show that H. pylori eradication was not associated with treatment success.
Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain C: The European Helicobacter pylori Study Group (EHPSG): Current European concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: the Maastricht Consensus Report. Gut 1997, 41:8–13.
Lam SK, Talley NJ: Helicobacter pylori consensus: report of the 1997 Asia Pacific Consensus conference on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998, 13:1–12.
Hunt RH, Thomson ABR: Consensus Conference participants: Canadian Helicobacter pylori Consensus Conference. Can J Gastroenterol 1998, 12:31–41.
Report of the Digestive Health Initiative SM International Update Conference on Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterology 1997, 113(suppl): S4–S8.
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Lind T, van Zanten SV, Unge P, et al.: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori using one-week triple therapies combining omeprazole with two antimicrobials: The MACH1 Study. Helicobacter 1996, 1:138–144.
Van Zanten SJO, Bradette M, Farley A, et al.:. The DU-MACH study: eradication of Helicobacter pylori and ulcer healing in patients with acute duodenal ulcer using omeprazole based triple therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999, 13:289–295. Results from this important Canadian randomized study of two omeprazole triple therapies indicates that the drugs are safe and that 1-week regimens of both combinations result in eradication, healing, and relapse prevention.
Malfertheiner P, Bayerdorffer E, Diete U, et al.: The GU-MACH study: the effect of 1-week omeprazole triple therapy on Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric ulcer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999, 13:703–712. This reported international study involved the same regimen of omeprazole triple therapy as that for Van Zanten et al. [18]. Likewise, regimens were proven safe and effective, with infrequent ulcer relapse.
Huang J-Q, Hunt RH: The importance of clarithromycin dose in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: a meta-analysis of triple therapies with a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin and amoxicillin or metronidazole. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999, 13:719–729. A major meta-analysis of 1-week twice-daily triple therapies consisting of a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin or metronidazole. A higher dose of clarithromycin (500 mg vs 250 mg) appears to give superior eradication rates.
Miwa H, Ohkura R, Murai T, et al.: Impact of rabeprazole, a new proton pump inhibitor, in triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: comparison with omeprazole and lansoprazole. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999, 13:741–746. This Japanese study of 221 duodenal ulcer patients showed similar results with three different PPIs (omeprazole, lansoprazole, and rabeprazole).
Ducons JA, Santolaria S, Guirao et al.: Impact of clarithromycin resistance on the effectiveness of a regimen for Helicobacter pylori: a prospective study of 1-week lansoprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin in active peptic ulcer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999, 13:775–780. Clarithromycin resistance reduces the effectiveness of combine therapy when administered along with lansoprazole, 30 mg, an amoxicillin, 1 g, from 83% to 20%, according to this report. As clarithromycin resistance becomes more prevalent, this will become an important clinical problem.
Sung JJY, Leung WK, Ling TKW, et al.: One-week use of ranitidine bismuth citrate, amoxicillin and clarithromycin for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-related duodenal ulcer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998, 12:725–730. This Chinese study showed signficant ITT eradication rates with a combined treatment regimen.
Spadaccini A, Fanis C, Sciampa G, et al.: Triple regimens using lansoprazole or ranitidine bismuth citrate for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998, 12:997–1001.
Hawkey CJ, Karrasch JA, Szczepanski L, et al.: Omeprazole compared with misoprostol for ulcers associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. N Engl J Med 1998, 338:727–734. Results from this study indicate that omeprazole was more effective in healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers than misoprostol, whereas misoprostol was more effective in patients with erosions alone.
Hawkey CJ, Tulassay Z, Szczepanski L, et al.: Randomised controlled trial of Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: HELP NSAIDs study. Lancet 1998, 352:1016–1021. NSAID gastric ulcers may heal faster in the presence of an H. pylori infection, based on findings in this report.
Chan FKL, Sung JJY, Chung SCS et al.: Randomised trial of eradication of Helicobacter pylori before non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy to prevent peptic ulcers. Lancet 1997, 350:975–979. These authors indicate that H. pylori infection may heighten risk of ulcer development in ulcer-naïve patients given NSAIDs.
Yeomans ND, Tulassay Z, Laszlo J, et al.: A comparison of omeprazole with ranitidine for ulcers associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. N Engl J Med 1998, 338:719–726. In the maintenance phase of this reported study, a higher proportion of H. pylori patients remained in remission.
Holtmann G, Cain C, Malfertheiner P: Gastric Heliobacter pylori infection accelerates healing of reflux esophagitis during treatment with the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole. Gastroenterology 1999, 117:11–16. This large study showed high overall healing rates of reflux esophagitis and relief of symptoms. H. pylori-positive patients also showed a high rate of healing and symptom relief.