Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease Based on the Metal Hypothesis

Hardy, 1992, Alzheimer disease: the amyloid cascade hypothesis, Science, 256, 184, 10.1126/science.1566067

Tanzi, 2005, Twenty years of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid hypothesis: a genetic perspective, Cell, 120, 545, 10.1016/j.cell.2005.02.008

Seubert, 1992, Isolation and quantification of soluble Alzheimer's β-peptide from biological fluids, Nature, 359, 325, 10.1038/359325a0

Whitson, 1989, Amyloid β protein enhances the survival of hippocampal neurons in vitro, Science, 243, 1488, 10.1126/science.2928783

Whitson, 1990, Beta-amyloid protein promotes neuritic branching in hippocampal cultures, Neurosci Lett, 110, 319, 10.1016/0304-3940(90)90867-9

Yankner, 1990, Neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of amyloid β protein: reversal by tachykinin neuropeptides, Science, 250, 279, 10.1126/science.2218531

Vigo-Pelfrey, 1993, Characterization of β-amyloid peptide from human cerebrospinal fluid, J. Neurochem, 61, 1965, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb09841.x

Masters, 1985, Neuronal origin of a cerebral amyloid: neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease contain the same protein as the amyloid of plaque cores and blood vessels, EMBO J, 4, 2757, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04000.x

Kang, 1987, The precursor of Alzheimer's disease amyloid A4 protein resembles a cell-surface receptor, Nature, 325, 733, 10.1038/325733a0

Citron, 1997, Mutant presenilins of Alzheimer's disease increase production of 42-residue amyloid β-protein in both transfected cells and transgenic mice, Nat Med, 3, 67, 10.1038/nm0197-67

Hilbich, 1991, Aggregation and secondary structure of synthetic amyloid β A4 peptides of Alzheimer's disease, J Mol Biol, 218, 149, 10.1016/0022-2836(91)90881-6

Jarrett, 1993, The carboxy terminus of the β amyloid protein is critical for the seeding of amyloid formation: implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, Biochemistry, 32, 4693, 10.1021/bi00069a001

McLean, 1999, Soluble pool of Aβ amyloid as a determinant of severity of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease, Annals of Neurology, 46, 860, 10.1002/1531-8249(199912)46:6<860::AID-ANA8>3.0.CO;2-M

Wang, 1999, The levels of soluble versus insoluble brain Abeta distinguish Alzheimer's disease from normal and pathologic aging, Exp Neurol, 158, 328, 10.1006/exnr.1999.7085

Lue, 1999, Soluble amyloid beta peptide concentration as a predictor of synaptic change in Alzheimer's disease, Am J Pathol, 155, 853, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65184-X

Nunomura, 1999, RNA oxidation is a prominent feature of vulnerable neurons in Alzheimer's disease, J Neurosci, 19, 1959, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-06-01959.1999

Nunomura, 2000, Neuronal oxidative stress precedes amyloid-beta deposition in Down syndrome, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 59, 1011, 10.1093/jnen/59.11.1011

Nunomura, 2001, Oxidative damage is the earliest event in Alzheimer disease, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 60, 759, 10.1093/jnen/60.8.759

Bush, 1994, Modulation of Aβ adhesiveness and secretase site cleavage by zinc, J Biol Chem, 269, 12152, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32694-7

Bush, 1994, Rapid induction of Alzheimer Aβ amyloid formation by zinc, Science, 265, 1464, 10.1126/science.8073293

Opazo, 2002, Metalloenzyme-like activity of Alzheimer's disease β-amyloid: Cu-dependent catalytic conversion of dopamine, cholesterol and biological reducing agents to neurotoxic H2O2, J Biol Chem, 277, 40302, 10.1074/jbc.M206428200

Dong, 2003, Metal binding and oxidation of amyloid-beta within isolated senile plaque cores: Raman microscopic evidence, Biochemistry, 42, 2768, 10.1021/bi0272151

Ha, 2007, Metal ions differentially influence the aggregation and deposition of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid on a solid template, Biochemistry, 46, 6118, 10.1021/bi7000032

Atwood, 1998, Dramatic aggregation of Alzheimer Aβ by Cu(II) is induced by conditions representing physiological acidosis, J Biol Chem, 273, 12817, 10.1074/jbc.273.21.12817

Atwood, 2000, Characterization of copper interactions with Alzheimer Aβ peptides- identification of an attomolar affinity copper binding site on Aβ1-42, J Neurochem, 75, 1219, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0751219.x

Huang, 2004, Trace metal contamination initiates the apparent auto-aggregation, amyloidosis, and oligomerization of Alzheimer's Abeta peptides, J Biol Inorg Chem, 9, 954, 10.1007/s00775-004-0602-8

Vaughan, 1981, The structure of neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex of aged rats, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 40, 472, 10.1097/00005072-198107000-00009

Syme, 2006, Solution (1)H NMR investigation of Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) binding to amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) of Alzheimer's disease, Biochim Biophys Acta, 1764, 246, 10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.09.012

Danielsson, 2007, High-resolution NMR studies of the zinc-binding site of the Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptide, Febs J, 274, 46, 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05563.x

Huang, 1997, Zinc-induced Alzheimer's Aβ1-40 aggregation is mediated by conformational factors, J Biol Chem, 272, 26464, 10.1074/jbc.272.42.26464

Garai, 2006, Selective destabilization of soluble amyloid beta oligomers by divalent metal ions, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 345, 210, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.056

Jun, 2007, The aggregated state of amyloid-beta peptide in vitro depends on Cu2+ ion concentration, Angewandte Chemie (International ed), 46, 3959, 10.1002/anie.200700318

Tougu, 2008, Binding of zinc(II) and copper(II) to the full-length Alzheimer's amyloid-beta peptide, J Neurochem, 104, 1249, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05061.x

Stellato, 2006, Metal binding in amyloid beta-peptides shows intra- and inter-peptide coordination modes, Eur Biophys J, 35, 340, 10.1007/s00249-005-0041-7

Curtain, 2001, Alzheimer's disease amyloid- binds Cu and Zn to generate an allosterically-ordered membrane-penetrating structure containing SOD-like subunits, J Biol Chem, 276, 20466, 10.1074/jbc.M100175200

Moir, 1999, Differential effects of apolipoprotein E isoforms on metal-induced aggregation of Aβ using physiological concentrations, Biochemistry, 38, 4595, 10.1021/bi982437d

Cherny, 2001, Treatment with a copper-zinc chelator markedly and rapidly inhibits β-amyloid accumulation in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice, Neuron, 30, 665, 10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00317-8

Hu, 2006, Kinetic analysis of beta-amyloid peptide aggregation induced by metal ions based on surface plasmon resonance biosensing, J Neurosci Methods, 154, 190, 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.12.016

Tabner, 2002, Formation of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals from A(beta) and alpha-synuclein as a possible mechanism of cell death in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, Free Radic Biol Med, 32, 1076, 10.1016/S0891-5849(02)00801-8

Dikalov, 2004, Cupric-amyloid beta peptide complex stimulates oxidation of ascorbate and generation of hydroxyl radical, Free Radic Biol Med, 36, 340, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2003.11.004

Nelson, 2005, Oxidation of cholesterol by amyloid precursor protein and beta-amyloid peptide, J Biol Chem, 280, 7377, 10.1074/jbc.M409071200

Ciccotosto, 2004, Enhanced toxicity and cellular binding of a modified amyloid beta peptide with a methionine to valine substitution, J Biol Chem, 279, 42528, 10.1074/jbc.M406465200

Ali, 2005, Methionine regulates copper/hydrogen peroxide oxidation products of Abeta, J Pept Sci, 11, 353, 10.1002/psc.626

Barnham, 2004, Tyrosine gated electron transfer is key to the toxic mechanism of Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid, Faseb J, 18, 1427, 10.1096/fj.04-1890fje

Puglielli, 2005, Cholesterol oxidase mimetic activity of Alzheimer's Disease β-amyloid, J Clin Investig, 115, 2556, 10.1172/JCI23610

Haeffner, 2005, Model studies of cholesterol and ascorbate oxidation by copper complexes: relevance to Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid metallochemistry, J Inorg Biochem, 99, 2403, 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.09.011

Murray, 2005, Promotion of oxidative lipid membrane damage by amyloid beta proteins, Biochemistry, 44, 12606, 10.1021/bi050926p

Smith, 2006, Copper-mediated amyloid-beta toxicity is associated with an intermolecular histidine bridge, J Biol Chem, 281, 15145, 10.1074/jbc.M600417200

Murray, 2007, Membrane-mediated amyloidogenesis and the promotion of oxidative lipid damage by amyloid beta proteins, J Biol Chem, 282, 9335, 10.1074/jbc.M608589200

da Silva, 2005, Alzheimer's disease related copper(II)- beta-amyloid peptide exhibits phenol monooxygenase and catechol oxidase activities, Angewandte Chemie (International ed), 44, 5501, 10.1002/anie.200501013

da Silva, 2007, Metallo-ROS in Alzheimer's disease: oxidation of neurotransmitters by CuII-beta-amyloid and neuropathology of the disease, Angewandte Chemie (International ed), 46, 3337, 10.1002/anie.200604421

Smith, 1996, Oxidative damage in Alzheimer's, Nature, 382, 120, 10.1038/382120b0

Smith, 1997, Widespread peroxynitrite-mediated damage in Alzheimer's disease, J Neurosci, 17, 2653, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-08-02653.1997

Markesbery, 2007, Damage to lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA in mild cognitive impairment, Arch Neurol, 64, 954, 10.1001/archneur.64.7.954

Huang, 1999, Cu(II) potentiation of Alzheimer Aβ neurotoxicity: correlation with cell-free hydrogen peroxide production and metal reduction, J Biolog Chem, 274, 37111, 10.1074/jbc.274.52.37111

Curtain, 2003, Metal ions, pH and cholesterol regulate the interactions of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β peptide with membrane lipid, J Biol Chem, 278

Abramov, 2003, Changes in intracellular calcium and glutathione in astrocytes as the primary mechanism of amyloid neurotoxicity, J Neurosci, 23, 5088, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05088.2003

Chen, 2007, Effect of aldehydes derived from oxidative deamination and oxidative stress on beta-amyloid aggregation; pathological implications to Alzheimer's disease, J Neural Transm, 114, 835, 10.1007/s00702-007-0697-5

Ali, 2006, Dimerisation of N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester and Abeta peptides via formation of dityrosine, Free Radic Res, 40, 1, 10.1080/10715760500329721

Metodiewa, 1998, Molecular mechanisms of cellular injury produced by neurotoxic amino acids that generate reactive oxygen species, Amino Acids, 14, 181, 10.1007/BF01345260

Maeda, 2007, Longitudinal, quantitative assessment of amyloid, neuroinflammation, and anti-amyloid treatment in a living mouse model of Alzheimer's disease enabled by positron emission tomography, J Neurosci, 27, 10957, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0673-07.2007

Atwood, 2004, Copper mediates dityrosine cross-linking of alzheimer's amyloid-beta, Biochemistry, 43, 560, 10.1021/bi0358824

Nagano, 2004, Peroxidase activity of COX-2 cross-links Abeta and generates Abeta: COX-2 hetero-oligomers that are increased in Alzheimer's disease, J Biol Chem, 279, 14673, 10.1074/jbc.M313003200

Lesne, 2006, A specific amyloid-beta protein assembly in the brain impairs memory, Nature, 440, 352, 10.1038/nature04533

Dong, 2007, Engineering metal ion coordination to regulate amyloid fibril assembly and toxicity, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 13313, 10.1073/pnas.0702669104

Lovell, 1998, Copper, iron and zinc in Alzheimer's disease senile plaques, J Neurol Sci, 158, 47, 10.1016/S0022-510X(98)00092-6

Lee, 1999, Histochemically reactive zinc in plaques of the Swedish mutant beta-amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice, J Neurosci, 19, 1

Suh, 2000, Histochemically-reactive zinc in amyloid plaques, angiopathy, and degenerating neurons of Alzheimer's diseased brains, Brain Res, 852, 274, 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)02096-X

Friedlich, 2004, Neuronal zinc exchange with the blood vessel wall promotes cerebral amyloid angiopathy in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease, J Neurosci, 24, 3453, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0297-04.2004

Stoltenberg, 2005, Immersion auto-metallographic tracing of zinc ions in Alzheimer beta-amyloid plaques, Histochem Cell Biol, 123, 605, 10.1007/s00418-005-0787-0

Miller, 2006, Synchrotron-based infrared and X-ray imaging shows focalized accumulation of Cu and Zn co-localized with beta-amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease, J Struct Biol, 155, 30, 10.1016/j.jsb.2005.09.004

Stoltenberg, 2007, Amyloid plaques arise from zinc-enriched cortical layers in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and are paradoxically enlarged with dietary zinc deficiency, Neuroscience, 150, 357, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.09.025

Grundke-Iqbal, 1990, Ferritin is a component of the neuritic (senile) plaque in Alzheimer dementia, Acta. Neuropathol (Berl), 81, 105, 10.1007/BF00334497

Bouras, 1997, A laser microprobe mass analysis of brain aluminum and iron in dementia pugilistica: comparison with Alzheimer's disease, Eur Neurol, 38, 53, 10.1159/000112903

Morris, 1994, Non-haem iron histochemistry of the normal and Alzheimer's disease hippocampus, Neurodegeneration, 3, 267

LeVine, 1997, Iron deposits in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease brains, Brain Res, 760, 298, 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00470-8

Lee, 2002, Contribution by synaptic zinc to the gender-disparate plaque formation in human Swedish mutant APP transgenic mice, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99, 7705, 10.1073/pnas.092034699

Bush, 2002, The galvanization of beta-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99, 7317, 10.1073/pnas.122249699

Lee, 2004, Estrogen decreases zinc transporter 3 expression and synaptic vesicle zinc levels in mouse brain, J Biol Chem, 279, 8602, 10.1074/jbc.M309730200

Cherny, 1999, Aqueous dissolution of Alzheimer's disease Aβ amyloid deposits by biometal depletion, J Biol Chem, 274, 23223, 10.1074/jbc.274.33.23223

Frederickson, 1989, Neurobiology of zinc and zinc-containing neurons, Int Rev Neurobiol, 31, 145, 10.1016/S0074-7742(08)60279-2

Frederickson, 2005, The neurobiology of zinc in health and disease, Nat Rev Neurosci, 6, 449, 10.1038/nrn1671

Rogers, 2002, An iron-responsive element type II in the 5' untranslated region of the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein transcript, J Biol Chem, 277, 45518, 10.1074/jbc.M207435200

Son, 2007, Overexpression of CCS in G93A-SOD1 mice leads to accelerated neurological deficits with severe mitochondrial pathology, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 6072, 10.1073/pnas.0610923104

Terry, 1991, Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment, Ann Neurol, 30, 572, 10.1002/ana.410300410

Frederickson, 2006, Synaptic release of zinc from brain slices: factors governing release, imaging, and accurate calculation of concentration, J Neurosci Meth, 154, 19, 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.11.014

Tanzi, 2005, The synaptic Abeta hypothesis of Alzheimer disease, Nat Neurosci, 8, 977, 10.1038/nn0805-977

Schlief, 2005, NMDA receptor activation mediates copper homeostasis in hippocampal neurons, J Neurosci, 25, 239, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3699-04.2005

Schlief, 2006, Role of the Menkes copper-transporting ATPase in NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal toxicity, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 14919, 10.1073/pnas.0605390103

El Meskini, 2007, ATP7A (Menkes protein) functions in axonal targeting and synaptogenesis, Mol Cell Neurosci, 34, 409, 10.1016/j.mcn.2006.11.018

Niciu, 2007, Altered ATP7A expression and other compensatory responses in a murine model of Menkes disease, Neurobiol Dis, 27, 278, 10.1016/j.nbd.2007.05.004

Uchida, 2002, Growth inhibitory factor prevents neurite extension and the death of cortical neurons caused by high oxygen exposure through hydroxyl radical scavenging, J Biol Chem, 277, 32353, 10.1074/jbc.M111263200

Uchida, 1991, The growth-inhibitory factor that is deficient in the Alzheimer's disease brain is a 68-amino acid metallothionein-like protein, Neuron, 7, 337, 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90272-2

Adlard, 2006, Metals and Alzheimer's disease, J Alzheimer's Dis, 10, 145, 10.3233/JAD-2006-102-303

Religa, 2006, Elevated cortical zinc in Alzheimer disease, Neurology, 67, 69, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000223644.08653.b5

Hardy, 2005, Correlation of R2 with total iron concentration in the brains of rhesus monkeys, J Magn Reson Imaging, 21, 118, 10.1002/jmri.20244

Suh, 2005, Dietary supplementation with (R)-alpha-lipoic acid reverses the age-related accumulation of iron and depletion of antioxidants in the rat cerebral cortex, Redox Rep, 10, 52, 10.1179/135100005X21624

Chinnery, 2007, Clinical features and natural history of neuroferritinopathy caused by the FTL1 460InsA mutation, Brain, 130, 110, 10.1093/brain/awl319

Mantovan, 2006, Exploring mental status in Friedreich's ataxia: a combined neuropsychological, behavioral and neuroimaging study, Eur J Neurol, 13, 827, 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01363.x

Zecca, 2004, Iron, brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders, Nat Rev Neurosci, 5, 863, 10.1038/nrn1537

Melov, 2007, Mitochondrial oxidative stress causes hyperphosphorylation of tau, PLoS ONE, 2, e536, 10.1371/journal.pone.0000536

Bayer, 2003, Dietary Cu stabilizes brain superoxide dismutase 1 activity and reduces amyloid A{beta} production in APP23 transgenic mice, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 100, 14187, 10.1073/pnas.2332818100

Phinney, 2003, In vivo reduction of amyloid-beta by a mutant copper transporter, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 100, 14193, 10.1073/pnas.2332851100

Morris, 2006, Dietary copper and high saturated and trans fat intakes associated with cognitive decline, Arch Neurol, 63, 1085, 10.1001/archneur.63.8.1085

Sparks, 2003, Trace amounts of copper in water induce beta-amyloid plaques and learning deficits in a rabbit model of Alzheimer's disease, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 100, 11065, 10.1073/pnas.1832769100

Sparks, 2006, Trace copper levels in the drinking water, but not zinc or aluminum influence CNS Alzheimer-like pathology, J Nutr Health Aging, 10, 247

Maynard, 2002, Overexpression of Alzheimer's disease β-amyloid opposes the age-dependent elevations of brain copper and iron levels, J Biol Chem, 277, 44670, 10.1074/jbc.M204379200

Bellingham, 2004, Gene knockout of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid precursor-like protein-2 increases cellular copper levels in primary mouse cortical neurons and embryonic fibroblasts, J Neurochem, 91, 423, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02731.x

Bellingham, 2004, Copper depletion down-regulates expression of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta precursor protein gene, J Biol Chem, 279, 20378, 10.1074/jbc.M400805200

Armendariz, 2004, Gene expression profiling in chronic copper overload reveals upregulation of Prnp and App, Physiol Genomics, 20, 45, 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00196.2003

Angeletti, 2005, BACE1 cytoplasmic domain interacts with the copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase-1 and binds copper, J Biol Chem, 280, 17930, 10.1074/jbc.M412034200

Hoke, 2005, In vitro gamma-secretase cleavage of the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein correlates to a subset of presenilin complexes and is inhibited by zinc, Febs J, 272, 5544, 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04950.x

Borchardt, 1999, Copper inhibits beta-amyloid production and stimulates the non-amyloidogenic pathway of amyloid-precursor-protein secretion, Biochem J, 344, 461, 10.1042/bj3440461

Cater, 2008, Intracellular copper deficiency increases amyloid-beta secretion by diverse mechanisms, J Biochem, 412, 141, 10.1042/BJ20080103

Strozyk, 2008, Zinc and copper modulate Alzheimer Abeta levels in human cerebrospinal fluid, Neurobiol Aging

Crapper-McLachlan, 1991, Intramuscular desferrioxamine in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Lancet, 337, 1304, 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92978-B

Squitti, 2002, D-penicillamine reduces serum oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease patients, Eur J Clin Invest, 32, 51, 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.00933.x

Moret, 2006, 1,1'-Xylyl bis-1,4,8,11-tetraaza cyclotetradecane: a new potential copper chelator agent for neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease, Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 16, 3298, 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.03.026

Lee, 2004, The lipophilic metal chelator DP-109 reduces amyloid pathology in brains of human beta-amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice, Neurobiol Aging, 25, 1315, 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.01.005

Opazo, 2006, Radioiodinated clioquinol as a biomarker for β-amyloid:Zn2+ complexes in Alzheimer's disease, Aging Cell, 5, 69, 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00196.x

Ritchie, 2003, Metal-protein attenuation with iodochlorhydroxyquin (clioquinol) targeting Aβ amyloid deposition and toxicity in Alzheimer's disease: a pilot phase 2 clinical trial, Arch Neurol, 60, 1685, 10.1001/archneur.60.12.1685

White, 2006, Degradation of the Alzheimer disease amyloid beta-peptide by metal-dependent up-regulation of metalloprotease activity, J Biol Chem, 281, 17670, 10.1074/jbc.M602487200

Kaur, 2003, Genetic or pharmacological iron chelation prevents MPTP-Induced neurotoxicity in vivo: a novel therapy for Parkinson's Disease, Neuron, 37, 923, 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00126-0

Nguyen, 2005, Clioquinol down-regulates mutant huntingtin expression in vitro and mitigates pathology in a Huntington's disease mouse model, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, 11840, 10.1073/pnas.0502177102

Yogev-Falach, 2006, A multifunctional, neuroprotective drug, ladostigil (TV3326), regulates holo-APP translation and processing, Faseb J, 20, 2177, 10.1096/fj.05-4910fje

Avramovich-Tirosh, 2007, Therapeutic targets and potential of the novel brain- permeable multifunctional iron chelator-monoamine oxidase inhibitor drug, M-30, for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, J Neurochem, 100, 490, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04258.x

Avramovich-Tirosh, 2007, Neurorescue activity, APP regulation and amyloid-beta peptide reduction by novel multi-functional brain permeable iron- chelating- antioxidants, M-30 and green tea polyphenol, EGCG, Curr Alzheimer Res, 4, 403, 10.2174/156720507781788927

Reznichenko, 2006, Reduction of iron-regulated amyloid precursor protein and beta-amyloid peptide by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in cell cultures: implications for iron chelation in Alzheimer's disease, J Neurochem, 97, 527, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03770.x

Siddiq, 2005, Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibition, J Biol Chem, 280, 41732, 10.1074/jbc.M504963200