Therapeutic approaches to asthma based on VLA-4 integrin and its counter receptors

Bevilacqua MP, Nelson RM, Mannori G, Oliviero C (1994) Endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecules in human disease. Annu Rev Med 45:361 Hamawy MM, Mergenhagen SE, Siraganian RP (1994) Adhesion molecules as regulators of mast-cell and basophil function. Immunol Today 15:45 Guo CB, Liu MC, Gain SJ, Bochner BS, Kagey-Sobotka A, Lichtenstein LM (1994) Identification of IgE-bearing cells in the late-phase response to antigen in the lung as basophils. Am J. Respir Cell Mol Biol 10:384 MacGlashan D Jr, White JM, Huang SK, Ono SJ, Schroeder JT, Lichtenstein LM (1994) Secretion of IL-4 from human basophils. J Immunol 152:3006 Sheth KK, Lemanske RF (1995) The early and late asthmatic response to allergen. Asthma Rhinitis 72:946 Metzger WJ, Hunninghake GW, Richerson HB (1985) Late asthmatic responses: inquiry into mechanisms and significance. Clin Rev Allergy 3:145 Gibson PG, Manning PJ, O'Bryne PM, Girgis-Gabardo A, Dolovich J, Denburg JA, Hargreave E (1991) Relationship between increases in airway responsiveness and increases in circulating eosinophils, basophile, and their progenitors. Am Rev Respir Dis 143:331 Metzger WJ, Lakin R, Richerson HB, Monick M, Brady M, Worden K, Hunninghake GW (1986) Bronchoaiveolar lavage of allergic asthmatic lungs following allergen bronchoprovocation. Chest 89:477 Corrigan CJ, Kay AB (1992) T cells and eosinophils in the pathogenesis of asthma. Immunol Today 13:12:501 Sur S, Crotty TB, Kephart GM, Hyma BA, Colby TV, Reed CE, Hunt LW, Gleich GJ (1993) Suddenonset fatal asthma: a distinct entity with few eosinophils and relatively more neutrophils in the airway submuca? Am Rev Respir Dis 148:713 Fujisawa T, Kephart GM, Gray BH, Gleich GJ (1990) The neutrophil and chronic allergic inflammation. Am Rev Respir Dis 141:689 Hunt LW, Gleich GJ, Ohnishi T, Weiler DA, Mansfield ES, Kita H, Sur S (1994) Endotoxin contamination causes neutrophilia following pulmonary allergen challenge. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149:1471 Fabbri LM, Baschetto P, Zocca E, etal (1987) Bronchoalveolar neutrophilia during late asthmatic reactions induced by toluene diisocyanate. Am Rev Respir Dis 136:36 Tosi MF, Hamedani A, Brosovich J, Alpert SE (1994) ICAM-1-independent, CD18-dependent adhesion between neutrophils and human airway epithelial cells exposed in vitro to ozone. J Immunol 152:1935 Gleich GJ (1990) The eosinophil and bronchial asthma: current understanding. J Allergy Clin Immunol 85:422 Reed CE (1986) New therapeutic approaches in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 77:533 Nillson G, Schwartz LB (1995) Mast cell heterogeneity: structure and mediators. Blackwell Oxford, pp 195–208 Naclerio RM, Proud D, Togias AG, etal (1985) Inflammatory mediators in late antigen-induced rhinitis. N Engl J Med 313:65 Solley GD, Gleich GJ, Jordan RE, Schroetter AL (1976) The late phase of the immediate wheal and flare reaction: its dependence of IgE antibodies. J Clin Invest 58:408 Iliopoulos O, Baroody F, Naclerio RM, Bochner BS, Kagey-Sobotka A, Lichtenstein LM (1992) Histamine-containing cells obtained from the nose hours after antigen challenge have functional and phenotypic characteristics of basophils. J Immunol 148:2223 Bradding P, Roberts JA, Britten KM, Montefort S, Djukanovic R, Mueller R, Heusser CH, Howarth PH, Holgate ST (1994) Interleukin-4, -5, and -6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in normal and asthmatic airways: evidence for the human mast cell as a source of these cytokines. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 10:471 Goldstein RA, Paul WE, Metcalfe DD, Busse WW, Reece ER (1994) Asthma. Ann Intern Med 121:698 Leff AR (1994) Inflammatory mediation of airway hyperresponsiveness by peripheral blood granulocytes. Chest 106:1202 Gleich GJ, Flavahan NA, Fujisawa T, Vanhoutte PM (1988) The eosinophil as a mediator of damage to the respiratory epithelium: a model for bronchial hyperreactivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 81:776 Frigas SE, Loergering DA, Gleich GJ (1980) Cytotoxic effects of the guinea pig major basic protein on tracheal epithelium. Lab Invest 42:35 Fisher RH, Metzger WJ (1995) Mediator functions of platelets. Blackwell Oxford, pp 513–529 Page CP (1995) Platelets and asthma. Blackwell Oxford, pp 530–535 Robinson BWS, Hamid Q, Ying Sun, Tsicopoulos A, Barkins J, Bently AM, Corrigan C, Durham SR, Kay AB (1992) Predominant TH 2-likebronchoalveolar T-lymphocyte population in atopic asthma. N Eng J Med 326:298 Coyle AJ, Page CP, Atkinson L, Flanagan R, Metzger WJ (1990) The requirement for platelets in allergen-induced late asthmatic responses in allergic rabbits. Am Rev Respir Dis 142:587 Holgate ST, Djukanovic R, Howarth PH, Montefort S, Roche W (1993) The T cell and airway's fibrotic response in asthma. Chest 103:125S Hemler ME (1990) VLA proteins in the integrin family: structures, functions and their role on leukocytes. Annu Rev Immunol 8:365 Elices MJ, Osborn L, Takada Y, Crouse C, Luhowskyj S, Hemler ME, Lobb RR (1990) VCAM-1 on activated endothelium interacts with the leukocyte integrin VLA-4 at a site distinct from the VLA-4/fibronecting binding site. Cell 60:577 Humphries MJ, Akiyama SK, Komoriya A, Olden K, Yamada KM (1986) Identification of an alternatively spliced site in human plasma fibronectin that mediates cell type-specific adhesion. J Cell Biol 103:2637 Guan JL, Hynes RO (1990) Lymphoid cells recognize an alternatively spliced segment of fibronectin via the integrin receptor α4β1. Cell 60:53 Hynes RO (1990) Fibronectins. Springer New York Berlin Heidelberg 546 Hershberger RP, Culp LA (1990) Cell-type-specific expression of alternatively spliced human fibronectin IIICS mRNAs. Mol Cell Biol 10:2637 Elices MJ, Tsai V, Strahl D, Goel AS, Tollefson V, Arrhenius T, Wayner EA, Geata FCA, Fikes JD, Firestein GS (1994) Expression and functional significance of alternatively spliced CS1 fibronectin in rheumatoid arthritis microvasculature. J Clin Invest 93:405 Albelda SM (1991) Endothelial and epithelial cell adhesion molecules. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 4:195 Montefort S, Djukanovic R, Holgate ST, Roche WR (1992) Ciliated cell damage in the bronchial epithelium of asthmatics and non-asthmatics. Clin Exp Allergy 32:185 Metzger WJ (1990) Late phase asthma in an allergic rabbit model. In: Dorsch W (ed) Handbook of late-phase reactions. CRC Press, Coca Raton, pp 347–362 Coyle AJ, Page CP, Atkinson L, Sjoerdsma K, Touvay C, Metzger WJ (1989) Modification of allergeninduced airway obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness in an allergic rabbit model by the selective platelet activating factor antagonist, BN52021. J Allergy Clin Immunol 84:960 Ali S, Mustafa SJ, Metzger WJ (1994) Adenosine-receptor-mediated bronchoconstriction associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the allergic rabbit model. Am J Physiol 266:L271 Ali S, Mustafa SJ, Metzger WJ (1994) Adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction and contraction of airway smooth muscle from allergic rabbits with late phase airway obstruction: evidence for an inducible adenosine A1 receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 268:1328 Ali S, Mustafa SJ, Metzger WJ (1992) Adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction in an allergic rabbit model: antagonism by theophylline aerosol. Agents Actions [Suppl] 37:168 Ali S, Mustafa SJ, Metzger WJ (1992) Modification of allergen-induced airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the allergic rabbit by theophylline aerosol. Agents Actions [Suppl] 37:168 Metzger WJ, Ogden-Ogle C, Atkinson L, Mustafa J, Park K (1989) Chronic PAF inhalation induces inflammatory changes in allergic rabbits. Clin Soc Clin Res 37:926A Shibata Y, Metzger WJ, Matsushimi K, Volkman A (1993) Eicosanoid release by the rabbit alveolar macrophages: a potent mechanism of amplyfying inflammation in the lung. J Allergy Clin Immunol 91:A834 Fisher RH, Henriksen RA, Wirfel-Svet K, Atkinson LB, Metzger WJ (1990) Bronchial challenge with platelet-derived histamine releasing factor (PD-HDF) supernatant induces prolonged changes in dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and hyperreactivity in the allergic rabbit model. J Allergy Clin Immunol 85:261 Ali S, Metzger WJ, Mustafa SJ (1994) Inhibitory effect of cromolyn sodium on adenosine-induced airway asthmatic responses in allergic rabbits: interaction with adenosine receptor binding sites. Am J Resp Crit Care 149:908 Metzger WJ, Atkinson LB, Henriksen RA, Fisher RH (1992) Low-molecular weight (LMW) heparin blocks late asthmatic response (LAR), bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and lung eosinophils in the allergic rabbit. J Allergy Clin Immunol 89:235 Ali S, Mustafa SJ, Knox C, Metzger WJ (1994) Effects of Beclomethasone on allergen-induced airway obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and cell infiltration in allergic rabbits. J Allergy Clin Immunol 93:143 Ebisawa M, Yamada T, Bickel C, Klunk D, Schleimer RP (1994) Eosinophil transendothelial migration induced by cytokines: effect of the chemokine RANTES. J Immunol 153:2153 Baggiolini M, Dahinden CA (1994) CC chemokines in allergic inflammation. Immunol Today 15:127 Lopez AF, Elliott MJ, Woodcock J, Vades MA (1992) GM-CSF, IL-3 and IL-5: crosscompetition on human haemopoietic cells. Immunol Today 13:495 Neeley SP, Hamann KJ, Dowling TL, McAllister KT, White SR, Leff AR (1994) Augmentation of stimulated eosinophil degranulation by VLA-4 (CD49d)-mediated adhesion to fibronectin. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 11:206 Bochner BS, Schleimer RP (1994) The role of adhesion molecules in human eosinophil and basophil recruitment. J Allergery Clin Immunol 94:427 Nakajima H, Sano H, Nishimura T, Yoshida S, Iwamoto I (1994) Role of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1/very late activation antigen 4 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1/lymphocyte functionassociated antigen 1 interactions in antigen-induced eosinophil and T cell recruitment into the tissue. J Exp Med 179:1145 Lukacs NW, Strieter RM, Chensue SW, Kunkel SL (1994) Interleukin-4-dependent pulmonary eosinophil infiltration in a murine model of asthma. Am Respir Cell Mol Biol 10:526 Nourshargh S (1993) Mechanisms of neutrophil and eosinophil accumulation in vitro. Am Rev Respir Dis 148:S60 Nakajima H, Iwamoto I, Yoshida S (1993) Aerosolized recombinant interferon-gamma prevents antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment in mouse trachea. Am Rev Respir Dis 148:1102 Pendino KJ, Shuler RL, Laskin JD, Laskin DL (1994) Enhanced production of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and fibronectin by rat lung phagocytes following inhalation of a pulmonary irritant. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 11:279 Milne AA, Piper PJ (1994) The effects of two anti-CD 18 antibodies on antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and leukocyte accumulation in the guinea pig. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 11:337 Weg VB, Williams TJ, Lobb RR, Nourshargh S (1993) A monoclonal antibody recognizing very late activation antigen-4 (VLA-4) inhibits eosinophil accumulation in vivo. J Exp Med 177:561 Pretolani M, Ruffé, Lapa e Silva JR, Joseph D, Lobb RR, Vargafig BB (1994) Antibody to very late activation antigen 4 prevents antigen-induced bronchial hyperreactivity and cellular infiltration in the guinea pig airways. J Exp Med 180:795 Rabb HA, Olivenstein R, Issekutz TB, Renzi PM, Martin JG, Pantano R, Seguin S (1994) The role of the leukocytes adhesion molecules VLA-4, LFA-1, and Mac-1 in allergic airway responses in the rat. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149:1186