The wetting of leaf surfaces

Cutler, 1982 Barthlott, 1998, Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes, Bot J Lin, 126, 237, 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1998.tb02529.x Li, 2007, What do we need for a superhydrophobic surface? A review on the recent progress in the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces, Chem Soc Rev, 36, 1350, 10.1039/b602486f Roach, 2008, Progress in superhydrophobic surface development, Soft Matter, 4, 224, 10.1039/B712575P Shirtcliffe, 2010, An introduction to superhydrophobicity, Adv Colloid Interface Sci, 161, 124, 10.1016/j.cis.2009.11.001 Baur, 2007, Basic features of plant surface wettability and deposit formation and the impact of adjuvant De Ruiter, 1990, Influence of surfactants and plant species on leaf retention of spray solutions, Weed Sci, 38, 567, 10.1017/S004317450005150X Faers, 2007, Annulus spray deposit structures and enhanced A.I. — adjuvant association with adjuvanted flowables Jeffree, 1996, Structure and ontogeny of plant cuticles Holloway, 1969, Chemistry of leaf waxes in relation to wetting, J Sci Food Agric, 20, 124, 10.1002/jsfa.2740200214 Holloway, 1969, The effects of superficial wax on leaf wettability, Ann Appl Biol, 63, 145, 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1969.tb05475.x Holloway, 1970, Surface factors affecting the wetting of leaves, Pest Sci, 1, 156, 10.1002/ps.2780010411 Baker, 1982, Chemistry and morphology of plant epicuticular waxes, 139 Chachalis, 2001, Characterization of leaf surface, wax composition, and control of redvine and trumpetcreeper with glyphosate, Weed Sci, 49, 156, 10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0156:COLSWC]2.0.CO;2 Jetter, 2007, Composition of plant cuticular waxes, 145 Jetter, 2000, Leaf cuticular waxes are arranged in chemically and mechanically distinct layers: evidence from Prunus laurocerasus L, Plant Cell Environ, 23, 619, 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00581.x Van Maarseveen, 2009, Composition of the epicuticular and intracuticular wax layers on Kalanchoe daigremontiana (Hamet et Perr. De la Bathie) leaves, Phytochemistry, 70, 899, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.04.011 Yu, 2008, In situ analysis by microscpectroscopy reveals triterpenoid compositional patterns within leaf cuticles of Prunus lauracerasus, Planta, 227, 823, 10.1007/s00425-007-0659-z Buschhaus, 2007, Chemical composition of the epicuticular and intracuticular wax layers on adaxial side of Rosa canina leaves, Ann Bot, 100, 1557, 10.1093/aob/mcm255 Ribeiro da Luz, 2006, Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy of plant leaves: a tool for ecological and botanical studies, New Phytol, 172, 305, 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01823.x Jetter, 2001, Chemical composition of the Prunus laurocerasus leaf surface. Dynamic changes of the epicuticular wax film during leaf development, Plant Physiol, 126, 1725, 10.1104/pp.126.4.1725 Markstadter, 2000, Chemical composition of the slippery epicuticular wax blooms on Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) ant-plants, Chemoecology, 10, 33, 10.1007/s000490050005 Vogg, 2004, Tomato fruit cuticular waxes and their effect on transpiration barrier properties: functional characterization of a mutant deficient in a very long-chain fatty acid b-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, J Exp Bot, 55, 1401, 10.1093/jxb/erh149 Xu, 2009, Crystals structures and chemical composition of leaf surface wax depositions on the desert moss Syntrichia caninervis, Biochem Syst Ecol, 37, 723, 10.1016/j.bse.2009.12.012 Halanski, 2009, Chromatographic fractionation and analysis of the main components of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) leaf cuticular waxes, Acta Chromatogr, 21, 127, 10.1556/AChrom.21.2009.1.11 Celano, 2006, Composition and seasonal variation in Actinidia deliciosa leaves, Nat Prod Res A, 20, 701, 10.1080/14786410500102407 Steinbauer, 2009, Epicuticular waxes and plant primary metabolites on the surfaces of juvenile Eucalyptus globules and E. nitens (Myrtaceae) leaves, Aust J Bot, 57, 474, 10.1071/BT09108 Buschhaus, 2007, Chemical composition of the epicuticular and intracuticular wax layers of Ligustrum vulgare L. Leaves, New Phytol, 176, 311, 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02190.x Schreiber, 1996, Wetting of the upper needle surface of Abies grandis L.: influence of pH, wax chemistry and epiphyllic microflora on contact angles, Plant Cell Environ, 19, 455, 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00337.x Knoll, 2000, Plant–microbe interactions: wetting of ivy (Hedera helix L.) leaf surfaces in relation to colonization by epiphytic micro-organisms, Microb Ecol, 41, 33, 10.1007/s002480000012 Dragota, 2007, Epicuticular wax crystals of Wollemia nobilis: morphology and chemical composition, Ann Biol, 100, 225 Dragota, 2008, Comparative study on epicuticular leaf waxes of Araucaria araucana, Agathis robusta and Wollemia nobilis (Araucariaceae), Aust J Bot, 56, 644, 10.1071/BT08047 Grossi, 2003, Long chain (C19–C29) 1-chloro-n-alkanes in leaf waxes of halophytes of the Chenopodiaceae, Phytochemistry, 63, 693, 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00283-8 Koch, 2004, Self assembly of epicuticular waxes on living plant surface imaged by atomic force microscopy (AFM), J Exp Bot, 397, 711, 10.1093/jxb/erh077 Koch, 2008, Diversity of structure, morphology and wetting of plant surfaces, Soft Matter, 4, 1943, 10.1039/b804854a Watanabe, 1992, Studies on wetting phenomena on plant surfaces, 3: retention model for droplets on solid surfaces, J Pesticide Sci, 34, 273, 10.1002/ps.2780340314 Yadav, 2008, Drop retention forces as a function of drop size, Langmuir, 24, 3181, 10.1021/la702473y Adamson, 1997 Lo, 1995, Influence of adjuvants on droplet spreading, No. 193, 144 Leece, 1978, Foliar absorption in Prunus domestica L. I. Nature and development of the surface wax barrier, Aust J Plant Physiol, 5, 749 Moran Puente, 2007, Critical surface tension measurement of plant surfaces: methodology and species dependence Ringelmann, 2009, Two sides of a leaf blade: Blumeria graminis needs chemical cues in cuticular waxes of Lolium perenne for germination and differentiation, Planta, 230, 95, 10.1007/s00425-009-0924-4 Moran Puente, 2010, Developmental and positional differences of surface wettability of soybean leaves and their impact on foliar penetration Giessler, 2010, Role of epicuticular waxes (EW) for bioavailability of agrochemicals with a barley variety and its EW deficient mutant Hanba, 2004, Effect of leaf syrface wetness and wettability on photosynthesis in bean and pea, Plant Cell Environ, 27, 413, 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2004.01154.x Chachalis, 2001, Herbicide efficiency, leaf structure and spray droplet contact angle among Ipomoea species and smallflower morningglory, Weed Sci, 49, 628, 10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0628:HELSAS]2.0.CO;2 Wenzel, 1936, Resistance of solid surfaces to wetting by water, Ind Eng Chem, 28, 988, 10.1021/ie50320a024 Cassie, 1944, Wettability of porous surfaces, Trans Faraday Soc, 40, 546, 10.1039/tf9444000546 Furstner, 2005, Wetting and self-cleaning properties of artificial superhydrophobic surfaces, Langmuir, 21, 956, 10.1021/la0401011 Sun, 2005, Bioinspired surfaces with special wettability, Acc Chem Res, 38, 644, 10.1021/ar040224c Li, 2007, What do we need for a superhydrophobic surface? A review on the recent progress in the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces, Chem Soc Rev, 36, 1350, 10.1039/b602486f Wang, 2009, Investigation of hydrophobicity of lotus leaf: experiment and theory, Plant Sci, 176, 687, 10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.02.013 Yu, 2007, Mechanical and superhydrophobic stabilities of two scale surface structure of lotus leaves, Langmuir, 23, 8212, 10.1021/la7003485 Feng, 2008, Petal effect: a superhydrophobic state with high adhesive force, Langmuir, 24, 4114, 10.1021/la703821h Herminghaus, 2000, Roughness-induced non-wetting, Europhys Lett, 52, 165, 10.1209/epl/i2000-00418-8 Bormashenko, 2006, Wetting properties of the multiscaled nanostructured polymer and metallic superhydrophobic surfaces, Langmuir, 22, 9982, 10.1021/la061622m Kwon, 2009, Design of surface hierarchy for extreme hydrophobicity, Langmuir, 25, 6129, 10.1021/la803249t Marmur, 2003, Wetting on hydrophobic rough surfaces: to be heterogeneous or not to be, Langmuir, 19, 8343, 10.1021/la0344682 Whyman, 2008, The rigorous derivation of Young, Cassie-Baxter and Wenzel equations and the analysis of the contact angle hysteresis phenomenom, Chem Phys Lett, 450, 355, 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.11.033 Patankar, 2003, On the modelling of hydrophobic contact angles on rough surfaces, Langmuir, 19, 1249, 10.1021/la026612+ Erbil, 2009, Range of applicability of the Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter equations for superhydrophobic surfaces, Langmuir, 25, 14135, 10.1021/la902098a Jung, 2007, Wetting transition of water droplets on superhydrophobic patterned surfaces, Scr Mater, 57, 1057, 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.09.004 Reyssat, 2008, Impalement of fakir drops, Europhys Lett, 81, 26006, 10.1209/0295-5075/81/26006 Jung, 2008, Wetting behaviour during evaporation and condensation of water microdroplets on superhydrophobic patterned surfaces, J Microsc, 229, 127, 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2007.01875.x Spori, 2008, Beyond the lotus effect: roughness influences on wetting over a wide range of surface energy range, Langmuir, 24, 5411, 10.1021/la800215r Wong, 2009, Dependence of macroscopic wetting on Nanoscopic surface textures, Langmuir, 25, 12851, 10.1021/la902430w Choi, 2009, Droplet evaporation of pure water and protein solutions on nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces of varying heights, Langmuir, 25, 7561, 10.1021/la803614h Faers, 2008, Factors influencing the association between active ingredient and adjuvant in the leaf deposit of adjuvant containing suspoemulsion formulations, Pest Manage Sci, 64, 820, 10.1002/ps.1571 Faers, 2010, Studies on leaf deposit microstructures through changes in colloidal and surface forces Kraemer, 2009, Surfactant-induced deposit structures in relation to the biological efficacy of glyphosate on easy- and difficult-to-wet weed species, Pest Manage Sci, 65, 844, 10.1002/ps.1759 Truskett, 2003, Influence of surfactants on an evaporating drop: fluorescence images and particle deposition patterns, Langmuir, 19, 8271, 10.1021/la030049t Starov, 2009, On evaporation and interfacial temperatures of volatile sessile drops, Colloids Surf, 333, 170, 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.09.047 Pierce, 2008, Residual patterns of alkyl polyethylene surfactant droplets after water evaporation, J Agric Food Chem, 56, 213, 10.1021/jf072372y Zabkiewicz, 1985, Effect of additives on foliar wetting and uptake of glyphosate into gorse (Ulex europaeus), 28, 127 Nikolov, 1998, Mechanisms for superspreading: role of surface tension gradients and surfactant adsorption, 125 Churaev, 2001, The superspreading effect of trisiloxane surfactant solutions, Langmuir, 17, 1338, 10.1021/la000789r Ivanova, 2009, Spreading of aqueous surfactant solutions of trisiloxanes and conventional surfactants over PTFE AF coated silicon wafers, Langmuir, 25, 3564, 10.1021/la803679y Lee, 2008, Kinetics of wetting and spreading by aqueous surfactant solutions, Adv Colloid Interface Sci, 144, 54, 10.1016/j.cis.2008.08.005 Policello, 2010, Hydrolysis resistant organosilicon adjuvant for glyphosate Grangeot, 2006, Spray retention, foliar uptake and translocation of glufosinate and glyphosate in Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Weed Res, 46, 152, 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2006.00495.x Pathan, 2007, Effects of retention and uptake on biological performance of glyphosate Mercer, 2007, Process driven models for spray retention in plants, 57 Anderson, 1989, The role of dynamic surface tension in the retention of surfactant sprays on pea plants, vol. II, 51 Green, 1991, Dynamic surface tension as a predictor of herbicide enhancement by surface active agents, Brighton Crop Prot Conf Proc, 1, 323 Forster, 1998, Spray droplet adhesion models: evaluation of critical solution and leaf factors, 55 Forster, 2001, Improved method for leaf surface roughness characterisation, 113 Gaskin, 2005, Characterising plant surfaces for spray adhesion and retention, NZ Plant Prot, 58, 179 Taylor, 2001, Retention of foliar applied sprays on difficult to wet species, 113 Elmore, 1998, Leaf surface micromorphology of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and adjuvant response, 43 Taylor, 2002, Dynamic surface effects in foliar retention, Aspects Appl Biol, 66, 259 Taylor, 2010, Effects of surfactant structure on spray retention, Aspects Appl Biol, 99, 325 Taylor, 2005 Butler Ellis, 2004, The effect of different spray liquids on the foliar retention of agricultural sprays by wheat plants in a canopy, Pest Manage Sci, 60, 786, 10.1002/ps.875 Holloway, 2000, Effects of some agricultural tank-mix adjuvants on the deposition efficiency of aqueous sprays on foliage, Crop Prot, 19, 27, 10.1016/S0261-2194(99)00079-4 Forster, 2004, Spray retention models for vegetation crops: preliminary investigation, NZ Plant Prot, 57, 260 Grayson, 1991, Development and assessment of a mathematical model to predict foliar spray deposition under laboratory track spraying conditions, Pesticide Sci, 33, 281, 10.1002/ps.2780330304 Grayson, 1993, Assessment of a mathematical model to predict foliar spray deposition under laboratory track spraying conditions II: examination with further plant species and diluted formulations, Pesticide Sci, 37, 133, 10.1002/ps.2780370205 Forster, 2006, Spray retention models for arable crops, J ASTM Int, 3, 1, 10.1520/JAI13528 Forster, 2005, A Universal Spray Droplet Adhesion Model, Trans ASAE, 48, 1321, 10.13031/2013.19179 Webb, 2000, Modelling the impaction behaviour of agricultural sprays using monosized droplets, Aspects Appl Biol, 57, 147 Webb, 1999, Effects of some surfactants on foliar impaction and retention of monosize water droplets, Pesticide Sci, 55, 343, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199903)55:3<382::AID-PS920>3.0.CO;2-F Forster, 2010, Process driven models for spray droplet shatter, adhesion or bounce Attane, 2007, An energy balance approach of the dynamics of drop impact on a solid surface, Phys Fluids, 19, 1, 10.1063/1.2408495