The versatile August Bier (1861–1949), father of spinal anesthesia

Baldamus M: August Bier—on his centennial. Geschichtsblaetter fuer Waldeck, vol. 53. Kassel: Hof- und Waisenhaus-Buchdruckerei, 1961. Bier A: Reports on the perception of syphillomas of the muscles. Thesis. Kiel: University of Kiel, 1888. Bier, 1889, Circular suture on the intestine, Arch f klin Chir, 49, 739 Waas, 1982, To August Bier (1861–1949) on his 120th birthday, Zeitschr fuer aerztl Fortbildung, 76, 72 Bier, 1897, Healing properties of hyperemia, MMW, 32, 875 Bier, 1893, Shaping bold stumps after amputations of the lower leg, Arch f klin Chir, 46, 90 Bier, 1900 Bier, 1899, Experiments in cocainization of the spinal cord, Dtsch Zschr f Chir, 51, 363 Waas, 1980, August Bier‘s (1861–1949) call to the University of Berlin in 1907, Zeitschr fuer aerztl Fortbildung, 74, 982 Bier, 1903 Bier A: How to Face Homeopathy? Munich: J F. Lehmanns, 1925. Vogeler, 1939, Surgery during the era of August Bier 1907–1932, 108 Bier, 1908, A new method of producing local anesthesia of the extremities, Arch f klin Chir, 86, 1007 Bier, 1912 Lammel, 1994, Surgery and nationalsocialism at the department of surgery at the University Hospital in Berlin, Ziegelstrasse, 568 Goerig, 1993, Carl Ludwig Schleich—forerunner of local anesthesia?, AINS, 28, 113 Quincke, 1891, Comments on hydrocephalus, Kongr Inn Med, 10, 322 Corning, 1885, Spinal anesthesia and local medication of the cord, NY Med J, 42, 483 Oehme, 1998, Priority claims on the invention of spinal anesthesia, Dtsch Aerztebl B, 41, 1999 Merck W: Comments on Cocaine. Thesis. Kiel: University of Kiel, 1886. Goerig, 1996, Priority claims of August Bier and August Hildebrandt on the discovery of spinal anesthesia, AINS, 31, 111 Holmes C. Mc: The history and development of intravenous regional anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl 1969;36:11–8. Hirschel, 1911, Anesthesia of the brachial plexus for operations on the upper extremity, MMW, 29, 1555 Kulenkampff, 1911, Anesthesia of the brachial plexus, DMW, 40, 1878 Braun, 1913 Baetzner, 1931, To August Bier on his 70th birthday, DMW, 47, 1992 Bier, 1912, On the tremendous improvement in the treatment of surgical tuberculosis with the aid of hyperemia, DMW, 38, 1121, 10.1055/s-0029-1189573 Bier, 1918, The treatment of the so-called surgical tuberculosis in Bier‘s clinics, Bln klin Wochenschr, 55, 730 Bier, 1919, Physical training—A remedy to rescue the German nation from its humiliation, MMW, 66, 1159 Bier, 1922, Physical training as a remedy for prevention and cure, MMW, 27, 993 Pels-Leusden, 1925 Schulz, 1923, Hugo Schulz, vol. 2 Bier, 1907, The effect of the injection of blood from another species on the growth of malignant tumors, DMW, 29, 1161, 10.1055/s-0029-1188889 Bier A: The induction of immunity and healing of severe infections by red heat and by medication. Med Klin 1928;6:201–6; 246–9; 281–2. Klapp, 1931, To August Bier on his 70th birthday, Der Chirurg, 22, 953 Bier, 1929 Bier, 1932, Animal blood as a remedy, especially in Basedow‘s disease, Die Medizinische Welt, 20, 697 Bier, 1934, Theory and practical application of animal blood, Die Medizinische Welt, 36, 1267 Bier, 1933, Inflammation, Arch f klin Chir, 176, 407 Bier, 1930, Sulfur as a remedy, MMW, 77, 1751 Koenig, 1926, Comments on ether and authohemotherapy in the case of postoperative lung disease, Dtsch Zschr f Chir, 199, 198 Freudenthal, 1925, Report on the disease, the surgical therapy and death of the Reichspräsident Ebert, DMW, 11, 448, 10.1055/s-0028-1136578 Stoeckel, 1979