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Sử dụng nghiên cứu sức khỏe trong việc xây dựng chính sách: khái niệm, ví dụ và phương pháp đánh giá
Tóm tắt
Tầm quan trọng của việc sử dụng nghiên cứu sức khỏe trong việc xây dựng chính sách, cũng như việc hiểu rõ các cơ chế liên quan, ngày càng được công nhận. Các báo cáo gần đây kêu gọi tăng cường nguồn lực để cải thiện sức khỏe tại các quốc gia đang phát triển, và áp lực toàn cầu về trách nhiệm giải trình, đã thu hút sự chú ý lớn hơn vào việc xây dựng chính sách dựa trên nghiên cứu. Các vấn đề sử dụng chính trong nghiên cứu sức khỏe đã được mô tả trong ít nhất hai mươi năm qua, nhưng sự tập trung ngày càng tăng vào hệ thống nghiên cứu sức khỏe tạo ra những chiều kích bổ sung. Việc sử dụng nghiên cứu sức khỏe trong xây dựng chính sách nên góp phần vào các chính sách có thể cuối cùng dẫn đến những kết quả mong muốn, bao gồm cải thiện sức khỏe. Trong bài báo này, việc khám phá các vấn đề này được kết hợp với việc xem xét các hình thức khác nhau của việc xây dựng chính sách. Khi điều này được liên kết với phân tích các loại nghiên cứu sức khỏe khác nhau, nó giúp xây dựng một cái nhìn tổng quát về nhiều ý nghĩa đa dạng của việc sử dụng nghiên cứu. Các nghiên cứu trước đây báo cáo về các phương pháp và khung tư duy đã được áp dụng, mặc dù với các mức độ thành công khác nhau, để ghi nhận việc sử dụng trong xây dựng chính sách. Những nghiên cứu này tiết lộ nhiều ví dụ về tác động của nghiên cứu trong bức tranh tổng quát về sự thiếu hụt sử dụng. Các yếu tố có thể gia tăng việc sử dụng có thể được xác định thông qua việc khám phá: thiết lập ưu tiên; các hoạt động của hệ thống nghiên cứu sức khỏe tại giao diện giữa nghiên cứu và việc xây dựng chính sách; và vai trò của những người nhận, hay 'cơ quan tiếp nhận', nghiên cứu sức khỏe. Một mô hình giao diện và cơ quan tiếp nhận cung cấp một khung phân tích. Các khuyến nghị về các phương pháp có thể cho việc đánh giá việc sử dụng nghiên cứu sức khỏe theo sau việc xác định các mục đích của các đánh giá đó. Kết luận của chúng tôi là việc sử dụng nghiên cứu có thể được hiểu rõ hơn và cải thiện bằng cách phát triển các phương pháp đánh giá được thông tin hóa bởi phân tích khái niệm và xem xét các nghiên cứu trước đây.
Từ khóa
#nghiên cứu sức khỏe #xây dựng chính sách #sử dụng nghiên cứu #đánh giá nghiên cứu #tác động nghiên cứuTài liệu tham khảo
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