The use of the head louse as a remedy for jaundice in Spanish folk medicine: an overview
Tóm tắt
In Spain, head lice are considered a therapeutic resource for the treatment of jaundice. All folk remedies based on the ingestion of these insects meet in the present document, previously dispersed among a large number of references. An overview of the Spanish literature has been carried out. The most important databases have been consulted. All related works have been examined. Although the method of preparation is diverse and the dose varies, the primary recommendation is a transference ritual consisting of taking nine live lice for nine days on an empty stomach without the patient’s knowledge. This traditional knowledge survives in Spanish society, and constitutes an example of the interrelation between Spanish and Latin American folk medicines. The survival of this therapy in the worldview of certain rural communities suggests the need to take into account the beliefs, ideas and behaviour patterns of popular culture in relation to health and disease.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Costa-Neto EM: Entomotherapy, or the medicinal use of insects. J Ethnobiol. 2005, 25 (1): 93-114.
Costa-Neto EM, Ramos-Elorduy J, Pino JM: Los insectos medicinales de Brasil: primeros resultados. Boln SEA. 2006, 38: 395-414.
Chakravorty J, Ghosh S, Meyer-Rochow VB: Practices of entomophagy and entomotherapy by members of the Nyishi and Galo tribes, two ethnic groups of the state of Arunachal Pradesh (North-East India). J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2011, 7: 5-
Meyer-Rochow VB: Ethno-entomological observations from North Korea (officially known as the “Democratic People's Republic of Korea”). J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2013, 9: 7-
Arese P, Gallo V, Pantaleo A, Turrini F: Life and death of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient erythrocytes – role of redox stress and band 3 modifications. Transfus Med Hemother. 2012, 39: 328-334.
Tan CB, Rashid S, Rajan D, Gebre W, Mustacchia P: Hepatic sarcoidosis presenting as portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis: case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 2012, 6: 183-189.
Wang YX, Liu H: Adult hepatoblastoma: systemic review of the English literature. Dig Surg. 2012, 29: 323-330.
Blánquez A: Aurelio Cornelio Celso. Los ocho libros de la Medicina. 1966, Iberia: Barcelona
Foster GM: Relationships between Spanish and Spanish-American folk medicine. J Am Folklore. 1953, 66 (261): 201-217.
Durden LA, Lloyd JE: Lice (Phthiraptera). Medical and Veterinary Entomology. Edited by: Mullen GR, Durden LA. 2009, Amsterdam: Academic Press, 59-82. 2
Bisby F, Roskov Y, Culham A, Orrell T, Nicolson D, Paglinawan L, Bailly N, Kirk P, Bourgoin T, Baillargeon G, Hernández F: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 18th April 2013. 2013, http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/6850820,
Lehane MJ: The Biology of blood-sucking in insects. 2005, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2
Meinking TL: Human lice. Encyclopedia of Entomology. Edited by: Capinera JL. 2008, Heidelberg: Springer, 1883-1886. 2
Kittler R, Kayser M, Stoneking M: Molecular evolution of Pediculus humanus and the origin of clothing. Curr Biol. 2003, 13: 1414-1417.
Leo NP, Campbell NJH, Yang X, Mumcuoglu K, Barker SC: Evidence from mitochondrial DNA that head lice and body lice of humans (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) are conspecific. J Med Entomol. 2002, 39 (4): 662-666.
Li W, Ortiz G, Fournier PE, Giménez G, Reed DL, Pittendrigh B, Raoult D: Genotyping of human lice suggests multiple emergences of body lice from local head louse populations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010, 4 (3): e641-
Gárate J: Los estudios de medicina en el País Vasco. Rev Int Estud Vascos. 1929, 20 (3): 378-396.
Donostia JA: Oraciones, prácticas religiosas y medicinas populares. CEEN. 1972, 10: 5-34.
Morán Bardón C: Creencias sobre curaciones supersticiosas recogidas en la provincia de Salamanca. AMSEAEP. 1927, 6: 241-261.
Risco V, Rodríguez Martínez A: Folklore de Melide. Terra de Melide. Edited by: VV AA. 1933, Santiago de Compostela: Seminario de Estudos Galegos Nós, 456-457.
Iribarren JM: Batiburrillo navarro: segunda parte de Retablo de Curiosidades. 1943, Zaragoza: Imprenta Heraldo de Aragón
Caro Baroja J: La vida rural en Vera de Bidasoa (Navarra). 1944, Madrid: Instituto Antonio de Nebrija–CSIC
Marcos De Sande M: Del folklore garrovillano. Rev Est Extremeños. 1947, 1–2: 77-114.
Díaz Mora R: La región natural de la Sierra de Gata, Iniciación al estudio de su folklore con especial mención de su medicina popular. PhD thesis. 1948, Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Lis Quibén V: La Medicina Popular en Galicia. 1949, Pontevedra: Gráficas Torres
Arias MA: La leyenda de San Salvador de Cornellana. Bol Inst Estud Asturianos. 1955, 25: 269-282.
Duran Sotelo A: Algunos aspectos de la vida en Santa Justa (Moraña). Degree thesis. 1961, Santiago de Compostela: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
Taboada J: Folklore de Verín: las creencias y el saber popular. 1961, Orense: La Región, 2:
Fernández-Ruiz C: Historia médica del Principado de Asturias. 1965, Oviedo: Instituto de Estudios Asturianos
Barandiarán JM: Obras completas. Gran Enciclopedia Vasca, vol. 6. 1974, Gobierno Vasco: Bilbao
Barriola IM: La medicina popular en el País Vasco. 1979, San Sebastián: Ediciones Vascas
Becoña Iglesias E: La actual medicina popular gallega. 1981, La Coruña: Magoygo, 2
Carril A: Veterinaria y medicina popular en Salamanca. Rev Folklore. 1981, 5: 27-32.
Goicoetxea Marcaida A: Capítulos de la Medicina Vasca. 1983, Salamanca: Instituto de Historia de la Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca
Blanco JF: Medicina y veterinaria populares en la provincia de Salamanca. 1985, Salamanca: Diputación de Salamanca, 2
Junceda Avello E: Medicina popular en Asturias. 1987, Oviedo: Instituto de Estudios Asturianos
Martí i, Pérez J: La medicina popular en Cataluña. Anthropologica. 1988, 3: 69-89.
Vázquez Gallego X: Tradiciones, mitos, creencias y curanderismo en medicina popular de Galicia. 1989, Lugo: Diputación Provincial de Lugo
Barandiarán JM: Recetas y remedios en la tradición popular vasca. 1990, San Sebastián: Txertoa
Mateos Romero T: Estudio antropológico-médico de Torremenga (Cáceres). 1990, Cáceres: Institución Cultural “El Brocense”–Diputación de Cáceres
Rúa Aller FJ, Rubio Gago ME: La medicina popular en León. 1990, León: Ediciones Leonesas
Carril A: Etnomedicina. Acercamiento a la terapéutica popular. 1991, Castilla Ediciones: Valladolid
Guío Cerezo Y: Naturaleza y Salud en Extremadura: los remedios. 1992, Mérida: Asamblea de Extremadura
Salud, enfermedad y terapéutica popular en la Ribera Alta. Edited by: Fresquet JL. 1995, Valencia: Instituto de Estudios Documentales e Históricos sobre la Ciencia, Universitat de València–CSIC
Pámpano M, Redondo F: Remedios caseros para dolencias. San Vicente de Alcántara. 1997, Coordinated by Briegas Caro JM. San Vicente de Alcántara (Badajoz): Círculo Recreativo, 99-122.
Erkoreka A: Análisis de la medicina popular vasca. 2002, Barcelona: Bibliotex
Álvarez Peña A: Magic-traditional medicine in Asturias (in Asturian language). 2004, Gijón (Asturias): VTP Editorial
Medicina popular en Vasconia. Edited by: Barandiarán JM, Manterola A. 2004, Bilbao: Instituto Labayru
Álvarez Caperochipi J: Curanderismo y medicina popular en el entorno de Navarra. 2012, Pamplona: Evidencia Médica
Kuschick I: Medicina popular en España. 1995, Madrid: Siglo XXI de España Editores
Gavilanes E: El número nueve en la medicina popular. RDTP. 1995, 50 (1): 243-261.
Lev E: Traditional healing with animals (zootherapy): medieval to present-day Levatine practice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003, 86: 107-118.
Alves RRN, Rosa IL: Why study the use of animal products in traditional medicines?. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2005, 1: 5-
Radford E, Radford MA: Edited and revised by Christina Hole. Encyclopedia of Superstitions. 1961, London: Hutchinson
Martin EB: They’re killing off the rhino. Natl Geogr. 1984, 165 (3): 404-422.
Walton I: El perfecto pescador de caña. 1955, Barcelona: Gráficas Marsá
Rosner F, Bleich JD: Jewish Bioethics. 2000, Hoboken NJ: KTAV Publishing House
Ben-Ezra A: Horodetz: history of a town, 1142–1942. 1949, New York: “Horodetz” Book Committee
Vicuña Cifuentes J: Mitos y supersticiones. 1945, Santiago de Chile: Nascimento
Villatoro E, Reyes O: Guatemala: Mesoamérica y occidente, 500 años de simbolismos y prácticas médicas. Tradic Guatem. 1992, 37–38: 47-59.
Alarco De Zadra A: Nuestra fauna: comentarios, acerca de 521 ejemplares. 1997, Lima: Sociedad Geográfica de Lima
Nario H: Los Picapedreros. 1997, Tandil: Ediciones del Manantial
Mariño Ferro XR: Los dos sistemas de la medicina tradicional y sus claves. Creer y curar: La medicina popular. Edited by: González Alcantud JA, Rodríguez Becerra S. 1996, Granada: Diputación Provincial de Granada, 421-456.
Leonti M: The future is written: Impact of scripts on the cognition, selection, knowledge and transmission of medicinal plant use and its implications for ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011, 134: 542-555.
On the Properties of Things. John Trevisa’s translation of Bartholomaeus Anglicus, De proprietatibus rerum: A critical text (3 vols.). Edited by: Seymur MC. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975–1988
Cohen M: Poder Curar. 2004, Buenos Aires: Del Signo
Laín Entralgo P: La curación por la palabra en la Antigüedad clásica. 2005, Rubí (Barcelona): Anthropos
Sterpellone L: Historias curiosas de la Medicina. 2009, Barcelona: Robinbook
Cherniack EM: Bugs and drugs: part 1: Insects. The “new” alternative medicine for the 21st century. Altern Med Rev. 2010, 15 (2): 124-135.
Dossey AT: Insects and their chemical weaponry: New potential for drug discovery. Nat Prod Rep. 2010, 27: 1737-1757.
Ratcliffe NA, Mello CB, García ES, Butt TM, Azambuja P: Insect natural products and processes: New treatments for human disease. Insect Biochem Molec Biol. 2011, 41 (10): 747-769.
Huberman L, Gollop N, Mumcuoglu KY, Block C, Galun R: Antibacterial properties of whole body extracts and haemolymph of Lucilia sericata maggots. J Wound Care. 2007, 16 (3): 123-127.
Coutinho HDM, Vasconcellos A, Lima MA, Almeida-Filho GG, Alves RRN: Termite usage associated with antibiotic therapy: enhancement of aminoglycoside antibiotic activity by natural products of Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky 1855). BMC Complement Altern Med. 2009, 9: 35-
Gunbilig D, Boland W: Defensive agents of Blaps femoralis, a traditional Mongolian medicinal insect. Sci Pharm. 2009, 77: 597-604.
Son DJ, Lee JW, Lee YH, Song HS, Lee CK, Hong JT: Therapeutic application of anti-arthritis, pain-releasing, and anti-cancer effects of bee venom and its constituent compounds. Pharmacol Ther. 2007, 115 (2): 246-270.
Viuda-Martos M, Ruiz-Navajas Y, Fernández-López J, Pérez-Álvarez JA: Functional properties of honey, propolis, and royal jelly. J Food Sci. 2008, 73 (9): 117-124.