The twin–twin transfusion syndrome

Sebire, 1997, The hidden mortality of monochorionic twin pregnancies, British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 104, 1203, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb10948.x Haverkamp, 2001, Neurodevelopmental risks in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: preliminary findings, European Journal Paediatric Neurology, 5, 21, 10.1053/ejpn.2001.0400 Fisk, 2000, The fetus with twin twin transfusion syndrome Machin, 1996, Correlations of placental vascular anatomy and clinical outcomes in 69 monochorionic twin pregnancies, American Journal Medical Genetic, 61, 229, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960122)61:3<229::AID-AJMG6>3.0.CO;2-P Denbow, 1998, Colour Doppler energy insonation of placental vasculature in monochorionic twins: absent arterio-arterial anastomoses in association with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 105, 760, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10208.x Fisk, 1990, Fetofetal transfusion syndrome: do the neonatal criteria apply in utero?, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 65, 657, 10.1136/adc.65.7_Spec_No.657 Bruner, 1993, Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: a subset of the twin oligohydramnios-polyhydramnios sequence, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 169, 925, 10.1016/0002-9378(93)90028-H Tanaka, 1992, Intravascular pancuronium bromide infusion for prenatal diagnosis of twin-twin transfusion syndrome, Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 7, 36, 10.1159/000263648 Denbow, 1997, Ultrasound microbubble contrast angiography in monochorionic twin fetuses, Lancet, 349, 773, 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)24011-0 Denbow, 2000, Intravascular microbubble contrast administration in twin fetuses: early experience with Levovist, Radiology, 213, 724, 10.1148/radiology.214.3.r00mr08724 Fusi, 1990, Twin pregnancy complicated by single intrauterine death. Problems and outcome with conservative management, British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 97, 511, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02521.x Okamura, 1994, Funipuncture for evaluation of hematologic and coagulation indices in the surviving twin following co-twin's death, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 83, 975, 10.1097/00006250-199406000-00016 Nicolini, 1998, Fetal blood sampling immediately before and within 24 hours of death in monochorionic twin pregnancies complicated by single intrauterine death, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 179, 800, 10.1016/S0002-9378(98)70086-9 Fusi, 1991, Acute twin-twin transfusion: a possible mechanism for brain-damaged survivors after intrauterine death of a monochorionic twin, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 78, 517 Schatz, 1900 Talbert, 1996, Hydrostatic and osmotic pressure gradients produce manifestations of fetofetal transfusion syndrome in a computerized model of monochorial twin pregnancy, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 174, 598, 10.1016/S0002-9378(96)70434-9 Umur, 2002, Monochorionic twins and Twin-twin transfusion Syndrome: The protective Role of Arterio-arterial Anastomoses, Placenta, 23, 201, 10.1053/plac.2001.0758 Denbow, 2000, Placental angioarchitecture in monochorionic twin pregnancies: relationship to fetal growth, fetofetal transfusion syndrome, and pregnancy outcome, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 182, 417, 10.1016/S0002-9378(00)70233-X Bajoria, 1995, Angioarchitecture of monochorionic placentas in relation to the twin-twin transfusion syndrome, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 172, 856, 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90011-X Taylor, 1999, Mapping the monochorionic equator—the new frontier, Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 14, 372, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1999.14060372.x Taylor, 2000, Doppler detection of arterio-arterial anastomoses in monochorionic twins: feasibility and clinical application, Human Reproduction, 15, 1632, 10.1093/humrep/15.7.1632 Taylor, 2000, Antenatal factors at diagnosis that predict outcome in twin-twin transfusion syndrome, American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 183, 1023, 10.1067/mob.2000.107368 Bajoria, 1999, Endothelin concentrations in monochorionic twins with severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome, Human Reproduction, 14, 1614, 10.1093/humrep/14.6.1614 Tolosa, 1993, Fetal hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in the discordant twin syndrome, American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 168, 292, 10.1016/S0002-9378(12)90426-3 Kilby, 2001, Renin gene expression in fetal kidneys of pregnancies complicated by twin-twin transfusion syndrome, Paediatric and Developmental Pathology, 4, 175, 10.1007/s100240010124 Mahieu-Caputo, 2000, Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. Role of the fetal renin-angiotensin system, American Journal of Pathology, 156, 629, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64767-0 Karatza, 2002, The influence of twin-twin transfuion syndrome on fetal cardiovascular structure and function:prospective case-control study of 136 monochorionic twins, Heart, 10.1136/heart.88.3.271 Fesslova, 1998, Fetal and neonatal echocardiographic findings in twin-twin transfusion syndrome, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 179, 1056, 10.1016/S0002-9378(98)70215-7 Zosmer, 1994, Clinical and echographic features of in utero cardiacdysfunction in the recipient twin in twin-twin transfusion syndrome, British Heart Journal, 72, 74, 10.1136/hrt.72.1.74 Simpson, 1998, Cardiac dysfunction in twin-twin transfusion syndrome: a prospective, longitudinal study, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 92, 557, 10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00220-8 Denbow, 1998, Haematological indices at fetal blood sampling in monochorionic pregnancies complicated by feto-fetal transfusion syndrome, Prenatal Diagnosis, 18, 941, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0223(199809)18:9<941::AID-PD427>3.0.CO;2-G Danskin, 1989, Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: what are appropriate diagnostic criteria?, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 161, 365, 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90521-8 Wenstrom, 1992, Frequency, distribution, and theoretical mechanisms of hematologic and weight discordance in monochorionic twins, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 80, 257 Wittmann, 1981, Antenatal diagnosis of twin transfusion syndrome by ultrasound, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 58, 123 Brennan, 1982, Fetofetal transfusion syndrome: prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis, Radiology, 143, 535, 10.1148/radiology.143.2.7071360 Uotila, 1999, Acute intrapartum fetoplacental transfusion in monochorionic twin pregnancy, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 5, 819, 10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00441-X Nicolini, 1999, Single intrauterine death in monochorionic twin pregnancies, Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 14, 297, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1999.14050297.x Reisner, 1993, Stuck twin syndrome: outcome in thirty-seven consecutive cases, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 169, 991, 10.1016/0002-9378(93)90041-G Cincotta, 1996, Antepartum and postpartum complications of twin-twin transfusion, Australia New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 36, 303, 10.1111/j.1479-828X.1996.tb02716.x Barr, 1998, Renal tubular dysgenesis in twins, Paediatric Nephrology, 12, 408, 10.1007/s004670050476 Cheung, 2000, Fetal origins of reduced arterial distensibility in the donor twin in twin-twin transfusion syndrome, Lancet, 355, 1157, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02068-7 Bejar, 1990, Antenatal origin of neurologic damage in newborn infants. II. Multiple gestations, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 162, 1230, 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90024-2 Denbow, 1998, Neonatal cranial ultrasonographic findings in preterm twins complicated by severe fetofetal transfusion syndrome, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 178, 479, 10.1016/S0002-9378(98)70424-7 Mercuri, 1998, Incidence of cranial ultrasound abnormalities in apparently well neonates on a postnatal ward: correlation with antenatal and perinatal factors and neurological status, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal Neonatal Edition, 79, F185, 10.1136/fn.79.3.F185 Haataja, 2000, Cranial ultrasound abnormalities in full term infants in a postnatal ward: outcome at 12 and 18 months, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal Neonatal Edition, F128, 10.1136/fn.82.2.F128 Mari, 2001, Perinatal morbidity and mortality rates in severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome: results of the International Amnioreduction Registry, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 185, 708, 10.1067/mob.2001.117188 Sutcliffe, 2001, Outcome for children born after in utero laser ablation therapy for severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome, British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 108, 1246, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00294.x Mari, 2000, Long-term outcome in twin-twin transfusion syndrome treated with serial aggressive amnioreduction, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 183, 211, 10.1016/S0002-9378(00)66819-9 De Lia, 1999, Treating previable twin-twin transfusion syndrome with fetoscopic laser surgery: outcomes following the learning curve, Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 27, 61, 10.1515/JPM.1999.007 Cincotta, 2000, Long term outcome of twin-twin transfusion syndrome, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal Neonatal Edition, 83, F171, 10.1136/fn.83.3.F171 Snijders, 1998, UK multicentre project on assessment of risk of trisomy 21 by maternal age and fetal nuchal-translucency thickness at 10–14 weeks of gestation. Fetal Medicine Foundation First Trimester Screening Group, Lancet, 352, 343, 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11280-6 Sebire, 2000, Early prediction of severe twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, Human Reproduction, 15, 2008, 10.1093/humrep/15.9.2008 Hecher, 1999, Endoscopic laser surgery versus serial amniocenteses in the treatment of severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 180, 717, 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70278-4 Denbow, 1997, Relationship between change in amniotic fluid index and volume of fluid removed at amnioreduction, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 90, 529, 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00356-6 Elliott, 1994, Large-volume therapeutic amniocentesis in the treatment of hydramnios, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 84, 1025 Elliott, 1991, Aggressive therapeutic amniocentesis for treatment of twin-twin transfusion syndrome, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 77, 537 Wax, 1991, Stuck twin with cotwin nonimmune hydrops: successful treatment by amniocentesis, Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 6, 126, 10.1159/000263636 Fisk, 1994, Impaired fetal blood gas status in polyhydramnios and its relation to raised amniotic pressure, Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 9, 7, 10.1159/000263900 Bower, 1995, Uterine artery blood flow response to correction of amniotic fluid volume, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 173, 502, 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90273-2 Hubinont, 1996, Nd:YAG laser and needle disruption of the interfetal septum: a possible therapy in severe twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, Journal of Gynaecologic Surgery, 12, 183, 10.1089/gyn.1996.12.183 Saade, 1998, Amniotic septostomy for the treatment of twin oligohydramnios- polyhydramnios sequence, Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 13, 86, 10.1159/000020812 Pistorius, 1999, Failure of amniotic septostomy in the management of 3 subsequent cases of severe previable twin-twin transfusion syndrome, Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 14, 337, 10.1159/000020953 Suzuki, 1999, Iatrogenic monoamniotic twin gestation with progressive twin-twin transfusion syndrome, Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 14, 98, 10.1159/000020897 De Lia, 1990, Fetoscopic neodymium: YAG laser occlusion of placental vessels in severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 75, 1046 Ville, 1995, Preliminary experience with endoscopic laser surgery for severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome, New England Journal Medicine, 332, 224, 10.1056/NEJM199501263320404 Ville, 1998, Endoscopic laser coagulation in the management of severe twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 105, 446, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10132.x Quintero, 2001, Selective laser photocoagulation of communicating vessels in severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome in women with an anterior placenta, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 97, 477, 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)01172-8 Deprest, JA, Van Schoubroeck, D, Van Ballaer, PP, Flageole, H, Van Assche, FA, Vandenberghe, K, Alternative technique for Nd: YAG laser coagulation in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome with anterior placenta, Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 11, 347, 352 Stone, 1998, Congenital skin loss following Nd:YAG placental photocoagulation, Burns, 24, 275, 10.1016/S0305-4179(98)00005-9 Lundvall, 1999, Limb necrosis associated with twin-twin transfusion syndrome treated with YAG-laser coagulation, Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 78, 349, 10.1034/j.1600-0412.1999.780415.x Hecher, 1999, Endoscopic laser surgery versus serial amniocenteses in the treatment of severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 180, 717, 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70278-4 Weiner, 1987, Diagnosis and treatment of twin to twin transfusion in the mid-second trimester of pregnancy, Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 2, 71, 10.1159/000263286 Bebbington, 1995, Selective feticide in twin transfusion syndrome using ultrasound-guided insertion of thrombogenic coils, Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 10, 32, 10.1159/000264189 Dommergues, 1995, Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: selective feticide by embolization of the hydropic fetus, Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 10, 1015, 10.1159/000264188 Wittmann, 1986, The role of feticide in the management of severe twin transfusion syndrome, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 155, 1023, 10.1016/0002-9378(86)90338-8 Denbow, 1997, Selective termination by intrahepatic vein alcohol injection of a monochorionic twin pregnancy discordant for fetal abnormality, British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 104, 626, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11546.x Quintero, 1996, In utero percutaneous umbilical cord ligation in the management of complicated monochorionic multiple gestations, Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 8, 16, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1996.08010016.x Quintero, 1994, Brief report: umbilical-cord ligation of an acardiac twin by fetoscopy at 19 weeks of gestation, New England Journal Medicine, 330, 469, 10.1056/NEJM199402173300705 Deprest, 2000, Bipolar coagulation of the umbilical cord in complicated monochorionic twin pregnancy, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 182, 340, 10.1016/S0002-9378(00)70221-3 Taylor, 2001, Ultrasound guided umbilical cord occlusion using bipolar diathermy for Stage III/IV twin-twin transfusion syndrome, Prenatal Diagnosis, 22, 70, 10.1002/pd.256 Nicolini, 2001, Complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies: experience with bipolar cord coagulation, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 185, 703, 10.1067/mob.2001.117190 Quintero, 2000, Selective versus non-selective laser photocoagulation of placental vessels in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 16, 230, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2000.00265.x Diehl, 2001, Placental vascular anastomoses visualized during fetoscopic laser surgery in severe mid-trimester twin-twin transfusion syndrome, Placenta, 22, 876, 10.1053/plac.2001.0710 Hecher, 2000, Endoscopic laser coagulation of placental anastomoses in 200 pregnancies with severe mid-trimester twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 92, 135, 10.1016/S0301-2115(00)00437-1 Hecher, K, Huber, A, Diehl, W, Hackeloer, BJ, Outcome after Endoscopic Laser Surgery in severe Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: Experience with 300 procedures, 2002 Bebbington, 1989, Fetal transfusion syndrome: antenatal factors predicting outcome, American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 160, 913, 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90309-8 Kilby, 1997, Bladder visualisation as a prognostic sign in oligohydramnios-polyhydramnios sequence in twin pregnancies treated using therapeutic amniocentesis, British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 104, 939, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb14354.x Quintero, 1999, Staging of twin-twin transfusion syndrome, Journal of Perinatology, 19, 550, 10.1038/sj.jp.7200292 Taylor, 2002, Validation of the Quintero staging system for Twin-twin transfusion syndrome, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02392-X Taylor, 2001, Identification of arterio–venous anastomoses in vivo in monochorionic twin pregnancies: preliminary report, Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 16, 218, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2000.00227.x Welsh, 2001, Freehand three-dimensional Doppler demonstration of monochorionic vascular anastomoses in vivo: a preliminary report, Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 18, 317, 10.1046/j.0960-7692.2001.00552.x Jolly, 2001, Interstitial laser: a new surgical technique for twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence in early pregnancy, British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 108, 1098, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00250.x Trespidi, 1997, Serial amniocenteses in the management of twin-twin transfusion syndrome: when is it valuable?, Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 12, 15 Quintero, 1998, Selective photocoagulation of placental vessels in twin-twin transfusion syndrome: evolution of a surgical technique, Obstetric and Gynecology Survey, 53, S97, 10.1097/00006254-199812010-00001