The trend of risk assessment technologies of animal Environmental Risk Substances
Tóm tắt
Numerous types of Environmental Risk Substances (ERSs) are produced, causing exposure not only in the industry, but also in daily life in modern society. ERSs are pernicious to animals as well as to human beings, since some of them remain for long periods of time or become condensed in organisms during the ecological cycles via environmental pollution. In recent times, the quality and distribution process of animal products have been in the spotlight, and the way of thinking regarding healthy lifestyle has been changing. Thus, this calls attention to the analysis of ERSs which may impede the safety of animal products to allow the distribution of healthy products. This review covers the trends and directions on the development of biomarkers that can precisely diagnose ERS-exposed animals at the molecular level, and the new paradigm of prompt and accurate environmental risk assessment using cells and genes.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Critto, A. et al. Development of a site-specific ecological risk assessment for contaminated sites: Part I. A multi-criteria based system for the selection of ecotoxicological tests and ecological observations. Science of the Total Environment 379, 16–33 (2007).
Cao, Q., Yu, Q. & Connell, D. W. Health risk characterisation for environmental pollutants with a new concept of overall risk probability. Journal of Hazardous Materials 187, 480–487 (2011).
Calow, P. in Handbook of Environmental Risk Assessment and Management (Blackwell Science Publications, Oxford 1998).
Edwards, C. Problems posed by natural environments for monitoring microorganisms. Mol. Biotechnol. 15, 211–223 (2000).
Hart, A. et al. Development of a framework for evaluation and expression of uncertainties in hazard and risk assessment. Final Report of Food Standards Agency Project Number T01056 (2010).
Kavlock, R. J. et al. A. Research needs for the risk assessment of health and environmental effects of endocrine disruptors: a report of the U.S. EPA-sponsored workshop. Environ. Health Perspect. 104, 715–740 (1996).
Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process, http://www.epa.gov/region9/science/seminars/2012/red-book.pdf
Doux, M. N. le., Pernal, S. F., Higo, H. A. & Winston, M. L. in The conceptual basis of the biomarker approach. (eds Peakall, D. B. & Shugart, L. R.) 29–(Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1992).
Depledge, M. H. & Fossi, M. C. The role of biomarkers in environmental assessment (2). Invertebrates. Ecotoxicology 3, 161–172 (1994).
Fossi, C. & Leonzio, C. Nondestructive biomarkers in Vertebrates. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis. (1993).
Bearer, C. F. Biomarkers in pediatric environmental health: a cross-cutting issue. Environ. Health Perspect. 106, 813–816 (1998).
Watson, W. P. & Mutti, A. Role of biomarkers in monitoring exposures to chemicals: present position, future prospects. Biomarkers 9, 211–242 (2004).
Farmer, P. B. & Singh, R. Use of DNA adducts to identify human health risk from exposure to hazardous environmental pollutants: the increasing role of mass spectrometry in assessing biologically effective doses of genotoxic carcinogens. Mutat. Res. 659, 68–76 (2008).
Vanden Heuvel, J. P. et al. CYP1A1 mRNA levels as a human exposure biomarker: use of quantitative polymerase chain reaction to measure CYP1A1 expression in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Carcinogenesis 14, 2003–2006 (1993).
Jubeaux, G. et al. Vitellogenin-like protein measurement in caged Gammarus fossarum males as a biomarker of endocrine disruptor exposure: inconclusive experience. Aquat. Toxicol. 15, 9–18 (2012).
Wang, J., Timchalk, C. & Lin, Y. Carbon nanotubebased electrochemical sensor for assay of salivary cholinesterase enzyme activity: an exposure biomarker of organophosphate pesticides and nerve agents. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42, 2688–2693 (2008).
Choi, S. M., Yoo, S. D. & Lee, B. M. Toxicological characteristics of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: developmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev. 7, 1–24 (2004).
Wild, C. P. Environmental exposure measurement in cancer epidemiology. Mutagenesis 24, 117–125 (2009).
Blaauboer, B. J. et al. The use of biomarkers of toxicity for integrating in vitro hazard estimates into risk assessment for humans. ALTEX. 29, 411–425 (2012).
Lusis, E. A., Chicoine, M. R. & Perry, A. High throughput screening of meningioma biomarkers using a tissue microarray. J. Neurooncol. 73, 219–223 (2005).
Tjalsma, H. Identification of biomarkers for colorectal cancer through proteomics-based approaches. Expert. Rev. Proteomics. 7, 879–895 (2010).
Rubenstein, K. Diease-Related Biomarkers: Their potential in patient screening, prognosis, and stratification. Insight Pharma Reports. Cambridge Healthtech Institute (2007).
Sannes, L. J. Molecular Diagnostics: A dynamic and rapidly broadening market. Insight Pharma Reports. Cambridge Healthtech Institute (2009).
Abd El-Rehim, D. M. et al. High-throughput protein expression analysis using tissue microarray technology of a large well-characterised series identifies biologically distinct classes of breast cancer confirming recent cDNA expression analyses. Int. J. Cancer 116, 340–350 (2005).
Jiang, Y., Liu, M., Li, Z. & Jiang, Y. Discovery of novel candidate oncogenes in pancreatic carcinoma using high-throughput microarrays. Hepatogastroenterology 60, 1825–1832 (2013).
Hanash, S. M., Pitteri, S. J. & Faca, V. M. Mining the plasma proteome for cancer biomarkers. Nature 452, 571–579 (2008).
Kiddle, S. J. et al. Candidate blood proteome markers of Alzheimer’s disease onset and progression: a systematic review and replication study. J. Alzheimers Dis. 38, 515–531 (2014).
Lyne, T. B. et al. The application of bioassays in risk assessment of environmental pollution. Risk Anal. 12, 361–365 (1992).
Grimme, L. H., Rie, M. H., Manthey, M., Faust, M. & Altenburger, R. Cell physiological parameters to detect ecotoxcological risks. The Science of the Total Environment Suppl. 741–748 (1993).
Fernández, M. D., Babín, M. & Tarazona, J. V. Application of bioassays for the ecotoxicity assessment of contaminated soils. Methods Mol. Biol. 599, 235–262 (2010).
Doux, M. N. le., Pernal, S. F. & Higo, H. A. Development of a bioassay to test the orientation behaviour of the honey bee ectoparasite, Varroa jacobsoni. J. Apicultural Research 39, 47–54 (2000).
Rice, C. A., Myers, M. S., Willis, M. L., French, B. L. & Casillas, E. From sediment bioassay to fish biomarker-connecting the dots using simple trophic relationships. Mar. Environ. Res. 50, 527–533 (2000).
Markwiese, J. T., Ryti, R. T., Hooten, M. M., Michael, D. I. & Hlohowskyj, I. Toxicity bioassays for ecological risk assessment in arid and semiarid ecosystems. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 168, 43–98 (2001).
Kobeticová, K., Hofman, J. & Holoubek, I. Ecotoxicity of wastes in avoidance tests with Enchytraeus albidus, Enchytraeus crypticus and Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta). Waste Manag. 30, 558–564 (2010).
Stolte, S., Steudte, S., Schebb, N. H., Willenberg, I. & Stepnowski, P. Ecotoxicity of artificial sweeteners and stevioside. Environ. Int. 60, 123–127 (2013).
Malich, G., Markovic, B. & Winder, C. The sensitivity and specificity of the MTS tetrazolium assay for detecting the in vitro cytotoxicity of 20 chemicals using human cell lines. Toxicology 124, 179–192 (1997).
Bunel, V., Ouedraogo, M., Nguyen, A. T., Stévigny, C. & Duez, P. Methods Applied to the In Vitro Primary Toxicology Testing of Natural Products: State of the Art, Strengths, and Limits. Planta. Med. Jan 15. [Epub ahead of print] (2014).
Nichols, C. Animal nutritionist cooks up healthy menu. Animal care matters. Bethesda (MD): NIH Office of Animal Care and Use (1990).
van Leeuwen, C. J. & Vermeire, T. G. Risk Assessment of Chemicals: An Introduction. Springer Science & Business Media, 1–673 (2007).
OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, No. 207, Earthworm Acute Toxicity, http://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/risk-assessment/1948293.pdf
OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, No. 222, Earthworm Reproduction Test, http://www.oecdilibrary.org/docserver/download/9722201e.pdf?expires=1419523069&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=20B7D8E88278C193BB7CB056E5AB15C6
Bartlett, M. D. et al. Acritical review of current methods in earthworm ecology: from individuals to populations. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 46, 67–73 (2010).
Neuhauser, E. F., Cukic, Z. V., Malecki, M. R., Loehr, R. C. & Durkin, P. R. Bioconcentration and biokinetics of heavy metals in the earthworm. Environ. Pollut. 89, 293–301 (1995).
Amaral, A., Soto, M., Cunha, R., Marigómez, I. & Rodrigues, A. Bioavailability and cellular effects of metals on Lumbricus terrestris inhabiting volcanic soils. Environ. Pollut. 142, 103–108 (2006).