The transmission of Helicobacter pylori: The effects of analysis method and study population on inference

Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology - Tập 21 - Trang 215-236 - 2007
Wayne Delport1
1DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa

Tài liệu tham khảo

Goodman, 1996, Helicobacter pylori infection in the Colombian Andes: a population-based study of transmission pathways, Am J Epidemiol, 144, 290, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008924 Kabir, 2004, Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in feces and saliva by polymerase chain reaction: a review, Helicobacter, 9, 115, 10.1111/j.1083-4389.2004.00207.x Dowsett, 2003, Oral Helicobacter pylori: can we stomach it?, Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 14, 226, 10.1177/154411130301400307 Grubel, 1998, Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in houseflies (Musca domestica) on three continents, Lancet, 352, 788, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)60683-6 Velazquez, 1999, Helicobacter pylori: characteristics, pathogenicity, detection methods and mode of transmission implicating foods and water, Int J Food Microbiol, 53, 95, 10.1016/S0168-1605(99)00160-9 Hopkins, 1993, Seroprevalence of Helicobacter in Chile: vegetables may serve as one route of transmission, J Infect Dis, 168, 222, 10.1093/infdis/168.1.222 Akcan, 2000, The transmission of Helicobacter pylori via exposure to common sources outweighs the person-to-person contact among spouses in developing countries, Am J Gastroenterol, 95, 317, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.01722.x Hultén, 1998, Presence of Helicobacter species DNA in Swedish water, J Appl Microbiol, 85, 282, 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1998.00500.x Klein, 1994, The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori in Peruvian children between 6 and 30months of age, Am J Gastroenterol, 89, 2196 Imamura, 2003, Vector potential of cockroaches for Helicobacter pylori infection, Am J Gastroenterol, 98, 1500, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07516.x Burucoa, 1999, Performance criteria of DNA fingerprinting methods for typing of Helicobacter pylori isolates: experimental results and meta-analysis, J Clin Microbiol, 37, 4071, 10.1128/JCM.37.12.4071-4080.1999 Everhart, 2000, Recent developments in the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori, Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 20, 559, 10.1016/S0889-8553(05)70130-8 Bunn, 2002, Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in drinking water biofilms: implications for transmission in early life, Lett Appl Microbiol, 34, 450, 10.1046/j.1472-765X.2002.01122.x Suerbaum, 2002, Helicobacter pylori infection, N Engl J Med, 347, 1175, 10.1056/NEJMra020542 Alm, 1999, Genomic-sequence comparison of two unrelated isolates of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, Nature, 397, 176, 10.1038/16495 Olivier, 2006, Absence of Helicobacter pylori within the Oral Cavities of Members of a Healthy South African Community, J Clin Microbiol, 44, 635, 10.1128/JCM.44.2.635-636.2006 Delport, 2006, A population genetics pedigree perspective on the transmission of Helicobacter pylori, Genetics, 174, 2107, 10.1534/genetics.106.057703 Tindberg, 2001, Helicobacter pylori infection in Swedish School Children: lack of evidence of child-to-child transmission outside the family, Gastroenterology, 121, 310, 10.1053/gast.2001.26282 Samir, 2004, The incidence of Helicobacter pylori acquisition in children of a Canadian first nations community and the potential for parent-to-child transmission, Helicobacter, 9, 59, 10.1111/j.1083-4389.2004.00199.x Rothenbacher, 1999, Helicobacter pylori among preschool children and their parents: evidence of parent-child transmission, J Infect Dis, 179, 398, 10.1086/314595 Wang, 1993, Direct DNA amplification and restriction pattern analysis of Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer and their families, J Infect Dis, 168, 1544, 10.1093/infdis/168.6.1544 Prewett, 1992, DNA patterns of Helicobacter pylori isolated from gastric antrum, body and duodenum, Gastroenterology, 102, 829, 10.1016/0016-5085(92)90165-U Owen, 2003, Tracing clonality of Helicobacter pylori infecting family members from analysis of DNA sequences of three housekeeping genes (ureI, atpA and ahpC), deduced amino acid sequences, and pathogenicity-associated markers (cagA and vacA), J Med Microbiol, 52, 515, 10.1099/jmm.0.04988-0 Raymond, 2004, Genetic and transmission analysis of Helicobacter pylori strains within a family, Emerg Infect Dis, 10, 1816, 10.3201/eid1010.040042 Mitchell, 1992, Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori in southern China: identification of early childhood as the critical period for acquisition, J Infect Dis, 166, 149, 10.1093/infdis/166.1.149 Nurgalieva, 2005, B-cell and T-cell immune responses to experimental Helicobacter pylori infection in humans, Infect Immun, 73, 2999, 10.1128/IAI.73.5.2999-3006.2005 Goodman, 2005, Dynamics of Helicobacter pylori infection in a US-Mexico cohort during the first two years of life, Int J Epidemiol, 34, 1348, 10.1093/ije/dyi152 Dominguez, 2006, Comparison of a monoclonal with a polyclonal antibody based enzyme immunoassay stool test in diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection before and after eradication therapy, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 23, 1735, 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02936.x Goddard, 1997, Urea breath tests for detecting Helicobacter pylori, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 11, 641, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00206.x Vaira, 2002, Review article: Helicobacter pylori infection from pathogenesis to treatment–a critical reappraisal, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 16, 105, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.16.s4.20.x Clayton, 1992, Sensitive detection of Helicobacter pylori by using polymerase chain reaction, J Clin Microbiol, 30, 192, 10.1128/JCM.30.1.192-200.1992 Lu, 1999, Comparison of five PCR methods for detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in gastric tissues, J Clin Microbiol, 37, 772, 10.1128/JCM.37.3.772-774.1999 Weyermann, 2006, The mother as a source of Helicobacter pylori infection, Epidemiology, 17, 332, 10.1097/01.ede.0000201257.31155.a0 Taylor, 1992, Construction of a Helicobacter pylori genome map and demonstration of diversity at the genome level, J Bacteriol, 174, 6800, 10.1128/jb.174.21.6800-6806.1992 Struelens, 1996, Consensus guidelines for appropriate use and evaluation of microbial epidemiologic typing systems, Clin Microbiol Infect, 2, 2, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.1996.tb00193.x Davin-Regli, 1995, Variations in DNA concentrations significantly affect the reproducibility of RAPD fingerprint patterns, Res Microbiol, 146, 561, 10.1016/0923-2508(96)80562-6 Meunier, 1993, Factors affecting reproducibility of random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting, Res Microbiol, 144, 373, 10.1016/0923-2508(93)90194-7 Tyler, 1997, Factors affecting reliability and reproducibility of amplification-based DNA fingerprinting of representative bacterial pathogens, J Clin Microbiol, 35, 339, 10.1128/JCM.35.2.339-346.1997 Falush, 2001, Recombination and mutation during long-term gastric colonization by Helicobacter pylori: estimates of clock rates, recombination size, and minimal age, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 98, 15056, 10.1073/pnas.251396098 Brenner, 2006, Clustering of Helicobacter pylori infection in couples: differences between high- and low-prevalence population groups, Ann Epidemiol, 16, 516, 10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.09.009 Goodman, 2000, Transmission of Helicobacter pylori among siblings, Lancet, 355, 358, 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)05273-3 Rocha, 2003, Transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection in families of preschool-aged children from Minas Gerais, Brazil, Trop Med Int Health, 8, 987, 10.1046/j.1360-2276.2003.01121.x Rodrigues, 2004, Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children from an urban community in north-east Brazil and risk factors for infection, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 16, 201, 10.1097/00042737-200402000-00013 Brenner, 1998, Parental history of gastric or duodenal ulcer and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in preschool children: evidence for mother-infant transmission, BMJ, 316, 665, 10.1136/bmj.316.7132.665 Prouzet-Mauleon, 2005, Pathogen evolution in vivo: genome dynamics of two isolates obtained 9years apart from a duodenal ulcer patient infected with a single Helicobacter pylori strain, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 4237, 10.1128/JCM.43.8.4237-4241.2005 Kuipers, 2000, Quasispecies development of Helicobacter pylori observed in paired isolates obtained years apart from the same host, J Infect Dis, 181, 273, 10.1086/315173 Lundin, 2005, Slow genetic divergence of Helicobacter pylori strains during long-term colonization, Infect Immun, 73, 4818, 10.1128/IAI.73.8.4818-4822.2005 Kraft, 2006, Genomic changes during chronic Helicobacter pylori infection, J Bacteriol, 188, 249, 10.1128/JB.188.1.249-254.2006 Brown, 2002, Helicobacter pylori infection in rural China: demographic, lifestyle and environmental factors, Int J Epidemiol, 31, 638, 10.1093/ije/31.3.638 Noone, 2006, Are endoscopy nurses at risk of infection with Helicobacter pylori from their work?, Occup Med, 56, 122, 10.1093/occmed/kqj013 Özen, 2006, Natural history and symptomatology of Helicobacter pylori in childhood and factors determining the epidemiology of infection, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 42, 398, 10.1097/01.mpg.0000215307.48169.7b Fiedorek, 1991, Factors influencing the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in children, Pediatrics, 88, 578, 10.1542/peds.88.3.578 Moayyedi, 2002, Relation of adult lifestyle and socioeconomic factors to the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, Int J Epidemiol, 31, 624, 10.1093/ije/31.3.624 Frenck, 2003, Helicobacter in the developing world, Microb Infect, 5, 705, 10.1016/S1286-4579(03)00112-6 Rahman, 1998, Helicobacter pylori colonization in infants and young children is not necessarily associated with diarrhoea, J Trop Pediatr, 44, 283, 10.1093/tropej/44.5.283 Clemens, 1996, Sociodemographic, hygienic and nutritional correlates of Helicobacter pylori infection of young Bangladeshi children, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 15, 1113, 10.1097/00006454-199612000-00012 Thomas, 1999, Interpreting the 13C-urea breath test among a large population of young children from a developing country, Pediatr Res, 46, 147, 10.1203/00006450-199908000-00003 Granstrom, 1997, Seroepidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in a cohort of children monitored from 6months to 11years of age, J Clin Microbiol, 35, 468, 10.1128/JCM.35.2.468-470.1997 Malaty, 2002, Age at acquisition of Helicobacter pylori infection: a follow-up study from infancy to adulthood, Lancet, 359, 931, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08025-X Glynn, 2002, Seroincidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in a cohort of rural Bolivian children: acquisition and analysis of possible risk factors, Clin Infect Dis, 35, 1059, 10.1086/342910 Kindermann, 2000, Influence of age on 13C-urea breath test results in children, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 30, 85, 10.1097/00005176-200001000-00023 Imrie, 2001, Limitations to carbon 13-labeled urea breath testing for Helicobacter pylori in infants, J Pediatr, 139, 734, 10.1067/mpd.2001.118398 Rowland, 2006, Age-specific incidence of Helicobacter pylori, Gastroenterology, 130, 65, 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.004 Replogle, 1996, Increased risk of Helicobacter pylori associated with birth in wartime and post-war Japan, Int J Epidemiol, 25, 210, 10.1093/ije/25.1.210 Banatvala, 1993, The cohort effect and Helicobacter pylori, J Infect Dis, 168, 219, 10.1093/infdis/168.1.219 Kivi, 2006, Helicobacter pylori occurrence and transmission: a family affair, Scand J Infect Dis, 38, 407, 10.1080/00365540600585131 Kumagai, 1998, Acquisition versus loss of Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan: results from an 8-year birth cohort study, J Infect Dis, 178, 717, 10.1086/515376 Muhsen, 2006, Prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection among healthy 3- to 5-year-old Israeli Arab children, Epidemiol Infect, 134, 990, 10.1017/S0950268806006030 Parsonnet, 1999, Fecal and oral shedding of Helicobacter pylori from healthy infected adults, Jama, 282, 2240, 10.1001/jama.282.23.2240 Song, 2000, Characteristic distribution pattern of Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque and saliva detected with nested PCR, J Med Microbiol, 49, 349, 10.1099/0022-1317-49-4-349 Banatvala, 1993, Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque, Lancet, 341, 8841, 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90191-I Hardo, 1995, Helicobacter pylori infection and dental care, Gut, 37, 44, 10.1136/gut.37.1.44 Nguyen, 1993, Detection of Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, J Clin Microbiol, 31, 783, 10.1128/JCM.31.4.783-787.1993 Song, 2000, Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity: high prevalence and great DNA diversity, Dig Dis Sci, 45, 2162, 10.1023/A:1026636519241 Goosen, 2002, Evaluation of a novel heminested PCR assay based on the phosphoglucosamine mutase gene for detection of Helicobacter pylori in saliva and dental plaque, J Clin Microbiol, 40, 205, 10.1128/JCM.40.1.205-209.2002 Chow, 1995, Helicobacter pylori in Melbourne Chinese immigrants: evidence for oral-oral transmission via chopsticks, J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 10, 562, 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01347.x Megraud, 1995, Transmission of Helicobacter pylori: faecal-oral versus oral-oral route, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 9, 85 Bode, 1993, The coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori. Criteria for their viability, Epidemiol Infect, 111, 483, 10.1017/S0950268800057216 Li, 1996, A newly developed PCR assay of H. pylori in gastric biopsy, saliva, and feces. Evidence of high prevalence of H. pylori in saliva supports oral transmission, Dig Dis Sci, 41, 2142, 10.1007/BF02071393 Perez-Perez, 1991, Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in couples, J Clin Microbiol, 29, 642, 10.1128/JCM.29.3.642-644.1991 Cutler, 1993, Patient factors affecting Helicobacter pylori eradication with triple therapy, Am J Gastroenterol, 88, 505 Thomas, 1992, Isolation of Helicobacter pylori from human faeces, Lancet, 340, 8829, 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92894-L Mitchell, 1989, Increased incidence of Campylobacter pylori infection in gastroenterologists: further evidence to support person to person transmission, Scand J Gastroenterol, 24, 396, 10.3109/00365528909093065 Lin, 1994, Helicobacter pylori prevalence in endoscopy and medical staff, J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 9, 319, 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1994.tb01249.x Malaty, 1992, Helicobacter pylori infection in dental workers: a seroepidemiology study, Am J Gastroenterol, 87, 1728 Lin, 1998, The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in practising dental staff and dental students, Aust Dent J, 43, 35, 10.1111/j.1834-7819.1998.tb00150.x Enroth, 1995, Immunomagnetic separation and PCR for detection of Helicobacter pylori in water and stool specimens, J Clin Microbiol, 33, 2162, 10.1128/JCM.33.8.2162-2165.1995 Lu, 2002, Isolation and genotyping of Helicobacter pylori from untreated municipal wastewater, Appl Environ Microbiol, 68, 1436, 10.1128/AEM.68.3.1436-1439.2002 Shahamat, 1993, Use of autoradiography to assess viability of Helicobacter pylori in water, Appl Environ Microbiol, 59, 1231, 10.1128/AEM.59.4.1231-1235.1993 Adams, 2003, Survival of Helicobacter pylori in a natural freshwater environment, Appl Environ Microbiol, 69, 7462, 10.1128/AEM.69.12.7462-7466.2003 Alejung, 1996, Gastrointestinal colonisation of BALB/cA mice by Helicobacter pylori monitored by heparin magnetic separation, FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 13, 303, 10.1111/j.1574-695X.1996.tb00255.x Grubel, 1997, Vector potential of houseflies (Musca domestica) for Helicobacter pylori, J Clin Microbiol, 35, 1300, 10.1128/JCM.35.6.1300-1303.1997 Osato, 1998, Houseflies are an unlikely reservoir or vector for Helicobacter pylori, J Clin Microbiol, 36, 2786, 10.1128/JCM.36.9.2786-2788.1998 Allen, 2004, Flies and Helicobacter pylori infection, Arch Dis Child, 89, 1037, 10.1136/adc.2003.045880 Ng, 2001, Helicobacter pylori in familial clusters based on antibody profile, FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 30, 139, 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb01562.x Brenner, 2000, Active infection with Helicobacter pylori in healthy couples, Epidemiol Infect, 122, 91, 10.1017/S0950268898001964 Singh, 1999, Helicobacter pylori: evidence for spouse-to-spouse transmission, J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 14, 519, 10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.01908.x Kuo, 1999, Heterogeneous Helicobacter pylori isolates from H. pylori infected couples in Taiwan, J Infect Dis, 180, 2064, 10.1086/315130 Luman, 2002, Helicobacter pylori infection is unlikely to be transmitted between partners: evidence from genotypic study in partners of infected patients, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 14, 521, 10.1097/00042737-200205000-00009 Suzuki, 1999, Rare incidence of interspousal transmission of Helicobacter pylori in asymptomatic individuals in Japan, J Clin Microbiol, 37, 4174, 10.1128/JCM.37.12.4174-4176.1999 Kivi, 2005, Accomodation of additional non-randomly sampled cases in a study of Helicobacter pylori infection in families, Statist Med, 24, 4045, 10.1002/sim.2386 Achtman, 1999, Recombination and clonal groupings within Helicobacter pylori from different geographical regions, Mol Microbiol, 32, 459, 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01382.x van Amsterdam, 2006, Of microbe and man: determinants of Helicobacter pylori-related diseases, FEMS Microbiol Rev, 30, 131, 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2005.00006.x Blaser, 1997, Ecology of Helicobacter pylori in the human stomach, J Clin Invest, 100, 759, 10.1172/JCI119588 Schreiber, 2004, The spatial orientation of Helicobacter pylori in the gastric mucus, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 101, 5024, 10.1073/pnas.0308386101 Blaser, 2004, Helicobacter pylori persistence: biology and disease, J Clin Invest, 113, 321, 10.1172/JCI20925 Odenbreit, 2000, Translocation of Helicobacter pylori CagA into gastric epithelial cells by type IV secretion, Science, 287, 1497, 10.1126/science.287.5457.1497 Rieder, 2005, Interaction of Helicobacter pylori with host cells: function of secreted and translocated molecules, Curr Opin Microbiol, 8, 67, 10.1016/j.mib.2004.12.004 Selbach, 2002, Src is the kinase of the Helicobacter pylori CagA protein in vitro and in vivo, J Biol Chem, 277, 6775, 10.1074/jbc.C100754200 Selbach, 2003, The Helicobacter pylori CagA protein induces cortactin dephosphorylation and actin rearrangement by c-Src inactivation, Embo J, 22, 515, 10.1093/emboj/cdg050 Atherton, 1995, Mosaicism in vacuolating cytotoxin alleles of Helicobacter pylori. Association of specific vacA types with cytotoxin production and peptic ulceration, J Biol Chem, 270, 17771, 10.1074/jbc.270.30.17771 Tombola, 2001, The Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin is a urea permease that promotes urea diffusion across epithelia, J Clin Invest, 108, 929, 10.1172/JCI13045 Sundrud, 2004, Inhibition of primary human T cell proliferation by Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin (VacA) is independent of VacA effects on IL-2 secretion, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 101, 7727, 10.1073/pnas.0401528101 Deml, 2005, Characterization of the Helicobacter pylori cysteine-rich protein A as a T-helper cell type 1 polarizing agent, Infect Immun, 73, 4732, 10.1128/IAI.73.8.4732-4742.2005 Amedei, 2006, The neutrophil-activating protein of Helicobacter pylori promotes Th1 immune responses, J Clin Invest, 116, 1092, 10.1172/JCI27177 Meyer, 2000, Modulation of innate cytokine responses by products of Helicobacter pylori, Infect Immun, 68, 6265, 10.1128/IAI.68.11.6265-6272.2000 Gebert, 2003, Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin inhibits T lymphocyte activation, Science, 301, 1099, 10.1126/science.1086871 Israel, 2001, Helicobacter pylori genetic diversity within the gastric niche of a single human host, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 98, 14625, 10.1073/pnas.251551698 Morales-Espinosa, 1999, Colonization of Mexican patients by multiple Helicobacter pylori strains with different vacA and cagA genotypes, J Clin Microbiol, 37, 3001, 10.1128/JCM.37.9.3001-3004.1999 Ghose, 2005, High frequency of gastric colonization with multiple Helicobacter pylori strains in Venezuelan subjects, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 2635, 10.1128/JCM.43.6.2635-2641.2005 Ma, 1998, Helicobacter pylori infection and mode of transmission in a population at high risk of stomach cancer, Int J Epidemiol, 27, 570, 10.1093/ije/27.4.570 Rodrigues, 2006, History of breastfeeding and Helicobacter pylori infection in children: results of a community-based study from northeastern Brazil, Trans R Soc Trop Med Hygiene, 100, 470, 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.08.001 Drumm, 1990, Intrafamilial clustering of Helicobacter pylori infection, N Engl J Med, 322, 359, 10.1056/NEJM199002083220603 Rothenbacher, 2002, Role of infected patients in transmission of Helicobacter pylori to their children, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 21, 674, 10.1097/00006454-200207000-00014 Dominici, 1999, Familial clustering of Helicobacter pylori infection: population based study, BMJ, 319, 537, 10.1136/bmj.319.7209.537 Bamford, 1993, Helicobacter pylori: comparison of DNA fingerprints provides evidence for intrafamilial infection, Gut, 34, 1348, 10.1136/gut.34.10.1348 Kivi, 2003, Concordance of Helicobacter pylori strains within families, J Clin Microbiol, 41, 5604, 10.1128/JCM.41.12.5604-5608.2003 Shimizu, 1999, Helicobacter pylori transmission between a boy with duodenal ulcer and his father, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 18, 655, 10.1097/00006454-199907000-00021 Shimizu, 2000, Case of intrafamilial Helicobacter pylori reinfection after successful eradication therapy, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 19, 901, 10.1097/00006454-200009000-00024 Han, 2000, Helicobacter pylori: clonal population structure and restricted transmission within families revealed by molecular typing, J Clin Microbiol, 38, 3646, 10.1128/JCM.38.10.3646-3651.2000 Konno, 2006, Five-year follow-up study of mother-to-child transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection detected by a Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA fingerprinting method, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 2246, 10.1128/JCM.43.5.2246-2250.2005