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Lời nguyền vàng xuyên quốc gia của Papua New Guinea
Tóm tắt
Bài báo này đánh giá về ngành khai thác vàng và đồng ở Papua New Guinea (PNG) trong khuôn khổ "mô hình bên liên quan tam giác" (Ballard và Banks 2003), đề xuất một mối quan hệ tam giác giữa (1) các tập đoàn khai thác xuyên quốc gia, (2) nhà nước Papua New Guinea, và (3) các cộng đồng địa phương bản địa, cùng với môi trường xã hội - sinh thái của họ và các yêu cầu. Khai thác vàng có thể là một tài sản lớn, nhưng lại trở thành một lời nguyền đối với phần độc lập của hòn đảo lớn thứ hai thế giới, được biết đến như "một ngọn núi vàng trong biển dầu". Bài báo của chúng tôi dựa trên nghiên cứu được bắt đầu trong suốt năm cư trú tại trường Đại học Kỹ thuật duy nhất của đất nước ở Lae. Chúng tôi thảo luận về một số vấn đề liên quan đến tài nguyên vàng của quốc gia và sự khai thác của chúng: các công nghệ khai thác và vị trí khác nhau, tác động đến môi trường, kinh tế, chi phí nhân lực và các vấn đề giới, văn hóa bản địa đối chọi với văn hóa doanh nghiệp quốc tế, sự can thiệp của nhà nước và phát triển đô thị. Một ví dụ là thành phố cảng công nghiệp Lae, được thành lập trong thời kỳ khai thác vàng vào những năm 1920, đánh dấu sự phát triển đô thị nhanh chóng. Từng được biết đến với tên gọi "Ngọc trai của Thái Bình Dương", thành phố này đã trải qua sự mở rộng hành chính và chịu đựng sự cạn kiệt của các mỏ vàng gần đó, dẫn đến sự phát triển ngược.
Từ khóa
#khai thác vàng #Papua New Guinea #mô hình bên liên quan tam giác #văn hóa bản địa #phát triển đô thị #tác động môi trườngTài liệu tham khảo
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