The structure of the human zeta-globin gene and a closely linked, nearly identical pseudogene

Baralle, 1980, The primary structure of the human ϵ-globin gene, Cell, 21, 621, 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90425-0 Barton, 1982, Localization of the human a-globin gene cluster to the short arm of chromosome 16 (16p12–16pter) by hybridization in situ, J. Mol. Biol., 156, 269, 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90328-X Bell, 1982, The highly polymorphic region near the human insulin gene is composed of simple tandemly repeating sequences, Nature, 295, 31, 10.1038/295031a0 Benoist, 1980, The ovalbumin gene-sequence of putative control regions, Nucl. Acids Res., 8, 127, 10.1093/nar/8.1.127 Breathnach, 1978, Ovalbumin gene: evidence for a leader sequence in mRNA and DNA sequences at the exon-intron boundaries, 75, 4853 Capp, 1967, Hemoglobin Portland: a new human hemoglobin unique in structure, Science, 157, 65, 10.1126/science.157.3784.65 Capp, 1970, Evidence for a new hemoglobin chain (ζ-chain), Nature, 228, 278, 10.1038/228278b0 Czelusniak, 1982, Phylogenetic origins and adaptive evolution of avian and mammalian hemoglobin genes, Nature, 298, 297, 10.1038/298297a0 Deisseroth, 1977, Localization of the human a-globin structural gene to chromosome 16 in somatic cell hybrids by molecular hybridization assay, Cell, 12, 205, 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90198-2 Dierks, 1981, DNA sequences preceding the rabbit β-globin gene are required for formation in mouse L-cells of β-globin RNA with the correct 5′ terminus, 78, 1411 Efstratiadis, 1977, The primary structure of rabbit β-globin mRNA as determined from cloned DNA, Cell, 10, 571, 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90090-3 Efstratiadis, 1980, The structure and evolution of the human β-globin gene family, Cell, 21, 653, 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90429-8 Felsenfeld, 1982, Methylation gene control, Nature, 296, 602, 10.1038/296602a0 Fitzgerald, 1981, The sequence 5′-AAUAAÁ-3′ forms part of the recognition site for polyadenylation of late SV40 mRNAs, Cell, 24, 251, 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90521-3 Gagnon, 1981, Structure of the ζ chain of human embryonic hemoglobin, 78, 6076 Gale, 1979, Human embryonic hemoglobins gower 1 and gower 2, Nature, 280, 162, 10.1038/280162a0 Goeddel, 1981, The structure of eight distinct cloned human leukocyte interferon cDNAs, Nature, 290, 20, 10.1038/290020a0 Goldberg, 1979, Sequence analysis of Drosophila histone genes Goodman, 1975, Darwinian evolution in a geneology of hemoglobin, Nature, 253, 603, 10.1038/253603a0 Grosveld, 1982, DNA sequences necessary for transcription of the rabbit β-globin gene in vivo, Nature, 295, 120, 10.1038/295120a0 Hardison, 1979, The structure and transcription of four linked rabbit β-like globin genes, Cell, 18, 1285, 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90239-3 Heindell, 1978, The primary sequence of rabbit a-globin mRNA, Cell, 15, 43, 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90081-8 Huehns, 1961, Two new hemoglobin variants in a very young human embryo, Nature, 189, 496, 10.1038/189496a0 Hughes, 1979, Gene localization by chromosome fractionation: globin genes are on at least two chromosomes and three estrogen inducible genes are on three chromosomes, 76, 1348 Jeffreys, 1980, Linkage of adult a and β-globin genes in X. laevis and gene duplication by tetraploidization, Cell, 21, 555, 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90493-6 Kaltsoya, 1966, Hemoglobins of early human embryonic development, Science, 153, 1417, 10.1126/science.153.3742.1417 Lacy, 1980, The nucleotide sequence of a rabbit β-globin pseudogene, Cell, 21, 545, 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90492-4 Lauer, 1980, Molecular cloning of the human a-globin gene family Lauer, 1980, The chromosomal arrangement of human a-like globin genes: sequence homology and a-globin gene deletions, Cell, 20, 119, 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90240-8 Lawn, 1980, The nucleotide sequence of the human β-globin gene, Cell, 21, 641, 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90428-6 Li, 1981, Pseudogenes as a paradigm of neutral evolution, Nature, 292, 237, 10.1038/292237a0 Liebhaber, 1981, Differentiation of the mRNA transcripts originating from the α1 and α2-globin loci in normal and a-thalassemics, Clin. Invest., 68, 439, 10.1172/JCI110273 Liebhaber, 1980, The primary structure of the a-globin gene cloned from normal human DNA, 77, 7054 Liebhaber, 1981, Homology and concerted evolution at the α1 and a2 loci of human a-globin, Nature, 290, 26, 10.1038/290026a0 Little, 1982, Globin pseudogenes, Cell, 28, 683, 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90045-9 Maruyama, 1980, Hemoglobins of the tadpole of the bull frog, Rana Catesbeina, 255, 3285 Maxam, 1977, A new method for sequencing DNA, 74, 560 Mellon, 1981, Identification of DNA sequences required for transcription of the human α1-globin gene using a new SV40 host-vector system, Cell, 27, 279, 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90411-6 Michelson, 1980, The 3′ untranslated regions of the duplicated human a-like globin genes are unexpectedly divergent, Cell, 22, 371, 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90347-5 Mount, 1982, A catalog of splice junction sequences, Nucl. Acids Res., 10, 459, 10.1093/nar/10.2.459 Nishioka, 1979, The complete sequence of a chromosomal mouse a-globin gene reveals elements conserved throughout vertebrate evolution, Cell, 18, 875, 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90139-9 Orkin, 1978, The duplicated human a-globin genes lie close together in cellular DNA, 75, 5950 Orkin, 1981, The duplicated human a-globin genes: their relative expression as measured by RNA analysis, Cell, 24, 345, 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90324-X Perler, 1980, The evolution of genes: the chicken preproinsulin gene, Cell, 20, 555, 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90641-8 Pressley, 1980, Gene deletions in a-thalassemia prove that the 5′ ζ locus is functional, 77, 3586 Proudfoot, 1976, 3′ noncoding region sequences in eukaryotic messenger RNA, Nature, 263, 211, 10.1038/263211a0 Proudfoot, 1980, The structure of a human a-globin pseudogene and its relationship to a-globin gene duplication, Cell, 21, 537, 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90491-2 Richards, 1979, Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of adult chicken β-globin cDNA, Nucl. Acids Res., 7, 1137, 10.1093/nar/7.5.1137 Roninson, 1981, cDNA sequence of a new chicken embryonic p-globin, 78, 4782 Roninson, 1982, Gene evolution in the chicken β-globin cluster, Cell, 28, 515, 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90206-9 Schon, 1982, Gene conversion of two functional goat α-globin genes preserves only minimal flanking sequences, J. Biol. Chem., 257, 6825, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)34504-6 Shen, 1981, A history of the human fetal globin gene duplication, Cell, 26, 191, 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90302-0 Slightom, 1980, Human fetal Gγ- and Aγ-globin genes: complete nucleotide sequences suggest that DNA can be exchanged between these duplicated genes, Cell, 21, 627, 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90426-2 Ullrich, 1982, Variation in the sequence and modification state of the human insulin gene flanking region, Nucl. Acids Res., 10, 2225, 10.1093/nar/10.7.2225 Ullrich, 1982, Nucleotide sequence of a portion of a human chromosome nine containing a leukocyte interferon gene cluster, J. Mol. Biol., 156, 467, 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90261-3 Van Ooyen, 1979, Comparison of total sequence of a cloned rabbit β-globin gene and its flanking regions with a homologous mouse sequence, Science, 206, 337, 10.1126/science.482942 Weissmann, 1982, Structure and expression of human a-interferon genes Widmer, 1981, Comparative analysis of cloned larval and adult globin cDNA sequences of Xenopus laevis, Dev. Biol., 88, 325, 10.1016/0012-1606(81)90176-7 Zimmer, 1980, Rapid duplication and loss of genes coding for the a chains of hemoglobin, 77, 2158