The state of water resources in major Mediterranean islands
Tóm tắt
This work analyses the state of water resources in six Mediterranean islands: Corsica, Crete, Cyprus, Mallorca, Malta and Sicily. The analysis is focused on the prevailing social, economic and hydroclimatological characteristics of these islands in order to identify the main common features affecting water availability, demand and use. A detailed analysis of the state of water resources in all the considered islands has been carried out. A background of current conditions relating to freshwater availability, quality and use has been established. Different strategies to face water scarcity and enhance water quality in theislands have been assessed in a context of climate change which is a common threat. The identification of similar problems for all the islands highlights the importance of strengthening inter-islands co-operation in the field of sustainable water resources management.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Agrafioti, E. and Diamadopoulos, E., A strategic plan for reuse of treated municipal wastewater for crop irrigation on the Island of Crete, Agric. Water. Manage., 2012, vol. 105, pp. 57–64.
Al-Sofi, M.A.K., Seawater desalination—SWCC experience and vision, Desalination, 2001, vol. 135, nos. 1–3, pp. 121–139.
Ali, M.H. and Talukder, M.S.U., Increasing water productivity in crop production—A synthesis, Agric. Water. Manage., 2008, vol. 95, no. 11, pp. 1201–1213.
Angelakis, A.N., Do Monte, M., Bontoux, L., and Asano, T., The status of wastewater reuse practice in the Mediterranean basin: need for guidelines, Water Resour., 1999, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 2201–2217.
Arnone, E., Pumo, D., Viola, F., et al., La Loggia, rainfall statistics changes in Sicily, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 2013, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 2323–2352.
Barbagallo, S., Cirelli, G.L., Consoli, S., et al., Analysis of treated wastewater reuse potential for irrigation in Sicily, Water Sci. Technol., 2012, vol. 65, no. 11, pp. 2024–2033.
Candela, L., Elorza, F.J., Jiménez-Martínez, J., and von Igel, W., Global change and agricultural management options for groundwater sustainability, Comput. Electron. Agric., 2012, vol. 86, no. 0, pp. 120–130.
Cannarozzo, M., Noto, L.V., and Viola, F., Spatial distribution of rainfall trends in Sicily (1921–2000), Phys. Chem. Earth, 2006, vol. 31, no. 18, pp. 1201–1211.
Christensen, J.H., Hewitson, A.B., Busuioc, A., et al., Regional Climate Projections, in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, in Climate Change 2007, Cambridge-N.Y.: C.U. Press, Editor, 2007, pp. 847–940.
Correia, F.N., Water resources in the Mediterranean region, Water Int., 1999, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 22–30.
Falkenmark, M., Lundqvist, J., and Widstrand, C., Macro-scale water scarcity requires micro-scale approaches. Aspects of vulnerability in semi-arid development, Nat. Resour. Forum, 1989, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 258–267.
Fatichi, S., Ivanov, V.Y., and Caporali, E., Simulation of future climate scenarios with a weather generator, Adv. Water Resour., 2011, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 448–467.
Ficklin, D.L., Luo, Y., Luedeling, E., and Zhang, M., Climate change sensitivity assessment of a highly agricultural watershed using SWAT, J. Hydrol., 2009, vol. 374, nos. 1–2, pp. 16–29.
Fritzmann, C., Loewenberg, J., Wintgens, T., and Melin, T., State-of-the-art of reverse osmosis desalination, Desalination, 2007, vol. 216, nos. 1–3, pp. 1–76.
Garcia-Ruiz, J.M., Ignacio Lopez-Moreno, J., Vicente-Serrano, S.M., et al., Mediterranean water resources in a global change scenario, Earth-Sci. Rev., 2011, vol. 105, nos. 3–4, pp. 121–139.
Gikas, P. and Angelakis, A.N., Water resources management in Crete and in the Aegean Islands, with emphasis on the utilization of non-conventional water sources, Desalination, 2009, vol. 248, no. 1, pp. 1049–1064.
Hof, A. and Schmitt, T., Urban and tourist land use patterns and water consumption: evidence from Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Land Use Policy, 2011, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 792–804.
Iglesias, A., Garrote, L., Flores, F., and Moneo, M., Challenges to manage the risk of water scarcity and climate change in the Mediterranean, Water Resour. Manage., 2007, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 775–788.
Lazarova, V., Levine, B., Sack, J., et al., Role of water reuse for enhancing integrated water management in Europe and Mediterranean countries, Water Sci. Technol., 2001, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 25–33.
Masi, F. and Martinuzzi, N., Constructed wetlands for the Mediterranean countries: hybrid systems for water reuse and sustainable sanitation, Desalination, 2007, vol. 215, nos. 1–3, pp. 44–55.
Milani, M. and Toscano, A., Evapotranspiration from pilot-scale constructed wetlands planted with Phragmites australis in a Mediterranean environment, J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A, 2013, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 568–580.
Milano, M., Ruelland, D., Fernandez, S., et al., Current state of Mediterranean water resources and future trends under climatic and anthropogenic changes, Hydrol. Sci. J.—J. des Sci. Hydrol., 2013, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 498–518.
Nunes, J.P., Seixas, J., and Pacheco, N.R., Vulnerability of water resources, vegetation productivity and soil erosion to climate change in Mediterranean watersheds, Hydrol. Process., 2008, vol. 22, no. 16, pp. 3115–3134.
Pumo, D., Viola, F., and Noto, L.V., Climate changes’ effects on vegetation water stress in Mediterranean areas, Ecohydrol., 2010, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 166–176.
Tsagarakis, K.P., Dialynas, G.E., and Angelakis, A.N., Water resources management in Crete (Greece) including water recycling and reuse and proposed quality criteria, Agric. Water Manage., 2004, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 35–47.
Viola, F., Liuzzo, L., Noto, L.V., et al., Spatial distribution of temperature trends in Sicily, Int. Climatol., 2014, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 1–17.
Viola, F., Pumo, D., and Noto, L.V., EHSM: a conceptual ecohydrological model for daily stream flow simulation, Hydrol. Processes, 2014, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 3361–3372.