The spatial and temporal distribution of pipe formation, offshore Namibia

Aizawa, 2000, Constraints on the geomorphological evolution of Namibia from the offshore stratigraphic record, Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 12, 337

Anselin, 1995, Local indicators of spatial association – LISA, Geographical Analysis, 27, 93, 10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x

Asuka, 2004, Heterogeneous genetic structure in a Fagus crenata population in an old-growth beech forest revealed by microsatellite markers, Molecular Ecology, 13, 1241, 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02118.x

Bagguley, J., Prosser, S., 1999. The interpretation of passive margin depositional processes using seismic stratigraphy: examples from offshore Namibia. Geological Society Special Publication, vol. 153, pp. 321–344.

Bailey, 1995

Berger, 2002, Upwelling history of the Benguela–Namibia system: a synthesis of leg 175 results, vol. 175, 1

Berndt, 2003, Polygonal fault systems on the mid-Norwegian margin: a long-term source for fluid flow, vol. 216, 283

Bertoni, 2005, 3D seismic analysis of circular evaporite dissolution structures, Eastern Mediterranean, Journal of the Geological Society, 162, 909, 10.1144/0016-764904-126

Bluck, 2007, The Orange River, southern Africa: an extreme example of a wave-dominated sediment dispersal system in the South Atlantic Ocean, Journal of the Geological Society, 164, 341, 10.1144/0016-76492005-189

Bonadonna, 2005, Total grain-size distribution and volume of tephra-fall deposits, Bulletin of Volcanology, 67, 441, 10.1007/s00445-004-0386-2

Borge, 2002, Modelling generation and dissipation of overpressure in sedimentary basins: an example from the Halten Terrace, offshore Norway, Marine and Petroleum Geology, 19, 377, 10.1016/S0264-8172(02)00023-5

Brown, A.R., 2004. Interpretation of three-dimensional seismic data. Canada. AAPG Memoir 42 SEG Investigations in Geophysics No 9.

Bünz, 2003, Geological controls on the Storegga gas-hydrate system of the mid-Norwegian continental margin, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 209, 291, 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00097-9

Cartwright, 1998, Layer-bound compaction faults in fine-grained sediments, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 110, 1242, 10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<1242:LBCFIF>2.3.CO;2

Cartwright, 2007, Seal bypass systems, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 91, 1141, 10.1306/04090705181

Cartwright, 2008, Offshore stratigraphy of Namibia, vol. 2, 59

Choi, 2007, Identifying spatial distribution pattern of water quality in Masan Bay using spatial autocorrelation index and Pearson's r, Ocean and Polar Research, 29, 391, 10.4217/OPR.2007.29.4.391

Clark, 1954, Distance to nearest neighbor as a measure of spatial relationships in populations, Ecology, 35, 445, 10.2307/1931034

Clemson, 1997, Structural segmentation and the influence of basement structure on the Namibian passive margin, Journal of the Geological Society, 154, 477, 10.1144/gsjgs.154.3.0477

Clemson, 1999, The Namib Rift: a rift system of possible Karoo age, offshore Namibia, Geological Society Special Publication, 153, 381, 10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.23

Corner, 2002, Volcanic passive margin of Namibia: a potential fields perspective, The Geological Society of America Special Publication, 362, 203

Cunningham, 1997, The Erris Ridge: a major geological feature in the NW Irish Offshore Basins, Journal of the Geological Society, 154, 503, 10.1144/gsjgs.154.3.0503

Davies, 2002, Three-dimensional seismic imaging of Paleogene dike-fed submarine volcanoes from the northeast Atlantic margin, Geology, 30, 223, 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0223:TDSIOP>2.0.CO;2

Dirichlet, 1850, Über die Reduktion der positiven quadratischen Formen mit drei unbestimmten ganzen Zahlen, Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 40, 209, 10.1515/crll.1850.40.209

Duck, 2006, High-resolution shallow seismic identification of gas escape features in the sediments of Loch Tay, Scotland, Tectonic and microbiological associations: Sedimentology, 53, 481

Ebdon, 1985

England, 1987, Diffuse continental deformation: length scales, rates and metamorphic evolution, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, A321, 1557

Gay, 2003, Sinuous pockmark belt as indicator of a shallow buried turbiditic channel on the lower slope of the Congo basin, West African margin, 173

Gay, 2006, Isolated seafloor pockmarks linked to BSRs, fluid chimneys, polygonal faults and stacked Oligocene–Miocene turbiditic palaeochannels in the Lower Congo Basin, Marine Geology, 226, 25, 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.09.018

Gay, 2006, Evidences of early to late fluid migration from an upper Miocene turbiditic channel revealed by 3D seismic coupled to geochemical sampling within seafloor pockmarks, Lower Congo Basin, Marine and Petroleum Geology, 23, 387, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2006.02.004

Gay, 2007, Cessation/reactivation of polygonal faulting and effects on fluid flow in the Vøring Basin, Norwegian Margin, Journal of the Geological Society, 164, 129, 10.1144/0016-76492005-178

Gladczenko, 1998, Namibia volcanic margin, Marine Geophysical Researches, 20, 313, 10.1023/A:1004746101320

Goudie, 2005, The drainage of Africa since the Cretaceous, Geomorphology, 67, 437, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.11.008

Heggland, 1998, Gas seepage as an indicator of deeper prospective reservoirs. A study based on exploration 3D seismic data, Marine and Petroleum Geology, 15, 1, 10.1016/S0264-8172(97)00060-3

Holm, 2001, Initial indications of abiotic formation of hydrocarbons in the Rainbow ultramafic hydrothermal system, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 191, 1, 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00397-1

Holtar, 2000, Postrift development of the Walvis Basin, Namibia: results from the exploration campaign in Quadrant 1911, AAPG Memoir, 73, 429

Hopkins, A.E., 2006, Seismic Stratigraphic Interpretation of Contourite Systems, Namibian Continental Margin Cardiff. PhD thesis, University of Cardiff.

Hovland, 2006, Submarine pingoes: Indicators of shallow gas hydrates in a pockmark at Nyegga, Norwegian Sea, Marine Geology, 228, 15, 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.12.005

Hunt, 1990, Generation and migration of petroleum from abnormally pressured fluid compartments, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 74, 1

Hustoft, 2007, High-resolution 3D-seismic data indicate focussed fluid migration pathways above polygonal fault systems of the mid-Norwegian margin, Marine Geology, 245, 89, 10.1016/j.margeo.2007.07.004

Judd, 2007

Kieft, 2005, Geochemically generated, energy-rich substrates and indigenous microorganisms in deep, ancient groundwater, Geomicrobiology Journal, 22, 325, 10.1080/01490450500184876

Light, 1993, Seismic sequence stratigraphy and tectonics offshore Namibia, vol. 71, 163

Lollar, 2006, Unravelling abiogenic and biogenic sources of methane in the Earth's deep subsurface, Chemical Geology, 226, 328, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.09.027

Løseth, H., Wensaas, L., Arntsen, B., Hanken, N., Basire, C., Graue, K., 2001. 1000m long gas blow out pipes. In: 63rd EAGE Conference and Exhibition, Extended Abstracts, p. 524.

Løseth, 2003, Gas and fluid injection triggering shallow mud mobilization in the Hordaland Group, North Sea, 139

Løseth, 2009, Hydrocarbon leakage interpreted on seismic data, Marine and Petroleum Geology, 26, 1304, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.09.008

Ligtenberg, 2005, Detection of fluid migration pathways in seismic data: Implications for fault seal analysis, Basin Research, 17, 141, 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2005.00258.x

Mitchell, 2005, The ESRI guide to GIS analysis, vol. 2

Mienert, 1999, Evidence of shallow- and deep-water gas hydrate destabilizations in North Atlantic polar continental margin sediments, Geo-Marine Letters, 19, 143, 10.1007/s003670050101

Moss, J.L., Cartwright, J. 3D seismic expression of Km-scale fluid escape pipes from offshore Namibia. Basin Research, in press.

Nicholson, 2000, On entropy and clustering in earthquake hypocentre distributions, Geophysical Journal International, 142, 37, 10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00113.x

Okabe, 2000

Osborne, 1997, Mechanisms for generating overpressure in sedimentary basins: a reevaluation, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 81, 1023

Paull, 2008, Origin of pockmarks and chimney structures on the flanks of the Storegga Slide, offshore Norway, Geo-Marine Letters, 28, 43, 10.1007/s00367-007-0088-9

Pinet, 2008, Surface and subsurface signatures of gas seepage in the St. Lawrence Estuary (Canada): Significance to hydrocarbon exploration, Marine and Petroleum Geology, 25, 271, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2007.07.011

Riedel, 2006, Geophysical and geochemical signatures associated with gas hydrate-related venting in the northern Cascadia margin, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 118, 23, 10.1130/B25720.1

Roussel, 2008, Extending the sub-sea-floor biosphere, Science, 320, 1046, 10.1126/science.1154545

Rozas, 2009, Spatial structure of deciduous forest stands with contrasting human influence in northwest Spain, European Journal of Forest Research, 128, 273, 10.1007/s10342-009-0263-9

Siede, 2006, Spatial distribution patterns of Acute Bee Paralysis Virus, Black Queen Cell Virus and Sacbrood Virus in Hesse, Germany, Wiener Tierarztliche Monatsschrift, 93, 90

Sleep, 2004, H2-rich fluids from serpentinization: Geochemical and biotic implications, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 12818, 10.1073/pnas.0405289101

Swarbrick, 1996, The nature and diversity of pressure transition zones, Petroleum Geoscience, 2, 111, 10.1144/petgeo.2.2.111

Swart, 2009, Hydrate occurrences in the Namibe Basin, offshore Namibia, Geological Society Special Publication, 73, 10.1144/SP319.6

Tréhu, 2004, Feeding methane vents and gas hydrate deposits at south Hydrate Ridge, Geophysical Research Letters, 31, 1, 10.1029/2004GL021286

Van Rensbergen, 2007, Fluid migration and fluid seepage in the Connemara field, porcupine basin interpreted from industrial 3D seismic and well data combined with high-resolution site survey data, International Journal of Earth Sciences, 96, 185, 10.1007/s00531-005-0021-2

Voronoi, 1907, Nouvelles applications des paramètres continus à la théorie des formes quadratiques, Journal für die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik, 133, 97

Voronoi, 1908, Recherches sur les paralléloèdres Primitives, Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 134, 198, 10.1515/crll.1908.134.198

Whiticar, 1999, Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methane, Chemical Geology, 161, 291, 10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00092-3