The significance of land-atmosphere interactions in the Earth system—iLEAPS achievements and perspectives

ACPC, 2009 Adam, 2015, BioEarth: envisioning and developing a new regional earth system model to inform natural and agricultural resource management, Clim. Change, 129, 555, 10.1007/s10584-014-1115-2 Amogu, 2010, Increasing river flows in the Sahel?, Water, 2, 170, 10.3390/w2020170 Andreae, 2005, Strong present-day aerosol cooling implies a hot future, Nature, 435, 1187, 10.1038/nature03671 Arneth, 2007, Process-based estimates of terrestrial ecosystem isoprene emissions incorporating the effects of direct CO2-isoprene interactions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 31, 10.5194/acp-7-31-2007 Arneth, 2010, Terrestrial biogeochemical feedbacks in the climate system, Nat. Geosci., 3, 525, 10.1038/ngeo905 Arneth, 2010, From biota to chemistry and climate towards a comprehensive description of trace gas exchange between the biosphere and atmosphere, Biogeosciences, 7, 121, 10.5194/bg-7-121-2010 Arneth, 2009, Clean the Air, Heat the Planet?, Science, 326, 672, 10.1126/science.1181568 Artaxo, 2012, Break down boundaries in climate research, Nature, 481, 239, 10.1038/481239a Baldocchi, 2001, FLUXNET: a new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux densities, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 82, 2415, 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<2415:FANTTS>2.3.CO;2 Baldocchi, 2005, Predicting the onset of net carbon uptake by deciduous forests with soil temperature and climate data: a synthesis of FLUXNET data, Int. J. Biometeorol., 49, 377, 10.1007/s00484-005-0256-4 Barkley, 2009, Regulated large-scale annual shutdown of Amazonian isoprene emissions?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L04803, 10.1029/2008GL036843 Beer, 2010, Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate, Science, 329, 834, 10.1126/science.1184984 Betts, 2007, Implications of land ecosystem-atmosphere interactions for strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation, Tellus, 59B, 602, 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00284.x Blyth, 2011, A comprehensive set of benchmark tests for a land surface model of simultaneous fluxes of water and carbon at both the global and seasonal scale, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 255, 10.5194/gmd-4-255-2011 Bonan, 2008, Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests, Science, 320, 1444, 10.1126/science.1155121 Bonan, 2011, Improving canopy processes in the community land model version 4 (CLM4) using global flux fields empirically inferred from FLUXNET data, J. Geophys. Res., 116, 10.1029/2010JG001593 Ciais, 2005, Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003, Nature, 437, 529, 10.1038/nature03972 Davidson, 2012, The Amazon basin in transition, Nature, 481, 321, 10.1038/nature10717 Davin, 2011, Role of land surface processes and diffuse/direct radiation partitioning in simulating the European climate, Biogeosci. Discuss., 8, 11601, 10.5194/bgd-8-11601-2011 de Leeuw, 2011, On the use of satellites to obtain information on the occurrence of natural and anthropogenic aerosols over the boreal Eurasian forest. iLEAPS in, Biogeosci. Discuss., 8, 8451, 10.5194/bgd-8-8451-2011 de Noblet-Ducoudré, 2012, Determining robust impacts of land-use induced land-cover changes on surface climate over North America and Eurasia; results from the first set of LUCID experiments, J. Clim., 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00338.1 Ding, 2008, Tropospheric ozone climatology over Beijing: analysis of aircraft data from the MOZAIC program, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1, 10.5194/acp-8-1-2008 Davidson, 2012, The Amazon basin in transition, Nature, 481, 321, 10.1038/nature10717 Flament, 2011, Mineral dust and carbonaceous aerosols in West Africa: source assessment and characterization, Atm. Env., 45, 3742, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.013 Friedlingstein, 2006, Climate-carbon cycle feedback analysis results from the C4MIP model intercomparison, J. Clim., 19, 3337, 10.1175/JCLI3800.1 Gardelle, 2010, Less rain, more water in ponds: a remote sensing study of the dynamics of surface waters from 1950 to present in pastoral Sahel (Gourma region, Mali), Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 309, 10.5194/hess-14-309-2010 Ganzeveld, 2010, The impact of future land-use and land-cover changes on atmospheric chemistry-climate interactions, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D23, 10.1029/2010JD014041 Ganzeveld, 2009, Atmosphere-ocean exchange: A global modelling study of biogeochemical, atmospheric, and waterside turbulence dependencies, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 23, 10.1029/2008GB003301 Ghehi, 2011, Spatial variations of nitrogen trace gas emissions from tropical mountain forests in Nyungwe, Rwanda, Biogeosci. Discuss., 8, 11631, 10.5194/bgd-8-11631-2011 Guenther, 2011, Integrated land ecosystem-atmosphere processes study (iLEAPS) assessment of global observational networks, Boreal Environ. Res., 16, 321 Harding, 2011, WATCH: current knowledge of the terrestrial global water cycle, J. Hydrometeorol., 12, 1149, 10.1175/JHM-D-11-024.1 Hari, 2005, Station for measuring ecosystem-atmosphere relations (SMEAR II), Boreal Environ. Res., 10, 315 Hari, 2009, A comprehensive network of measuring stations to monitor climate change, Boreal Environ. Res., 14, 442 Hewitt, 2010, Overview: oxidant and particle photochemical processes above a south-east Asian tropical rainforest (the OP3 project): introduction, rationale, location characteristics and tools, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 169, 10.5194/acp-10-169-2010 Hirschi, 2011, Observational evidence for soil-moisture impact on hot extremes in southeastern Europe, Nat. Geosci., 4, 17, 10.1038/ngeo1032 Jaeger, 2011, Impact of soil moisture-atmosphere coupling on European climate extremes and trends in a regional climate model, Clim. Dyn., 36, 1919, 10.1007/s00382-010-0780-8 Jung, 2011, Global patterns of land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, latent heat, and sensible heat derived from eddy covariance, satellite, and meteorological observations, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 116, G00J07, 10.1029/2010JG001566 Jung, 2010, A recent decline in the global land evapotranspiration trend due to limited moisture supply, Nature, 467, 951, 10.1038/nature09396 Karl, 2010, Efficient atmospheric cleansing of oxidized organic trace gases by vegetation, Science, 330, 816, 10.1126/science.1192534 Keller, 2009, 565 Koster, 2012, Land surface controls on hydroclimatic means and variability, J. Hydrometeorol., 13, 1604, 10.1175/JHM-D-12-050.1 Koster, 2004, Regions of strong coupling between soil moisture and precipitation, Science, 306, 1138, 10.1126/science.1100217 Kulmala, 2011, The first estimates of global nucleation mode aerosol concentrations based on satellite measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10791, 10.5194/acp-11-10791-2011 Kulmala, 2011, General overview European integrated project on aerosol cloud climate and air quality interactions (EUCAARI)-integrating aerosol research from nano to global scales, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 13061, 10.5194/acp-11-13061-2011 Kulmala, 2011, Soil nitrites influence atmospheric chemistry, Science, 333, 1586, 10.1126/science.1211872 Kulmala, 2004, A new feedback mechanism linking forests, aerosols, and climate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 557, 10.5194/acp-4-557-2004 Le Quéré, 2009, Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide, Nat. Geosci., 2, 831, 10.1038/ngeo689 Le Quéré, 2006, Eos, Transactions, vol. 87, 496 Lerdau, 2007, A positive feedback with negative consequences, Science, 316, 212, 10.1126/science.1141486 Levis, 2010, Modelling vegetation and land use in models of the Earth system, WIREs Clim. Change, 1, 840, 10.1002/wcc.83 Li, 2011, Long-term impacts of aerosols on the vertical development of clouds and precipitation, Nat. Geosci., 4, 888, 10.1038/ngeo1313 Loreto, 2009, One species, many terpenes: matching chemical and biological diversity, Trends Plant Sci., 14, 416, 10.1016/j.tplants.2009.06.003 Luo, 2012, A framework for benchmarking land models, Biogeosciences, 9, 3857, 10.5194/bg-9-3857-2012 Maeda, 2010, Modelling agricultural expansion in Kenya’s eastern arc mountains biodiversity hotspot, Agric. Syst., 103, 609, 10.1016/j.agsy.2010.07.004 Mahecha, 2010, Global convergence in the temperature sensitivity of respiration at ecosystem level, Science, 329, 838, 10.1126/science.1189587 Mauldin, 2012, A new atmospherically relevant oxidant of sulphur dioxide, Nature, 488, 193, 10.1038/nature11278 Ortega, 2014, Overview of the Manitou experimental forest observatory: site description and selected science results from 2008 to 2013, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6345, 10.5194/acp-14-6345-2014 Oswald, 2013, HONO emissions from soil bacteria as a major source of atmospheric reactive nitrogen, Nature, 341, 1233 Philippon, 2005, Analysis of the linkages between rainfall and land surface conditions in the West African monsoon through CMAP, ERS-WSC, and NOAA-AVHRR data, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D24115, 10.1029/2005JD006394 Pitman, 2011, Regionalizing global climate models, Int. J. Climatol. Pitman, 2011, Importance of background climate in determining impact of land-cover change on regional climate, Nat. Clim. Change, 10.1038/nclimate1294 Pitman, 2009, Uncertainties in climate responses to past land cover change first results from the LUCID intercomparison study, Geophys. Res.Lett., 36, L14814, 10.1029/2009GL039076 Pöschl, 2010, Rainforest aerosols as biogenic nuclei of clouds and precipitation in the Amazon, Science, 329, 1513, 10.1126/science.1191056 Randerson, 2009, Systematic assessment of terrestrial biogeochemistry in coupled climate-carbon models, Global Change Biol., 15, 2462, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01912.x Rosenfeld, 2008, Flood or drought: how do aerosols affect precipitation?, Science, 322, 1309, 10.1126/science.1160606 Rosenfeld, 2012, The scientific basis for a satellite mission to retrieve CCN concentrations and their impacts on convective clouds, Atmos. Meas. Technol., 5, 2039, 10.5194/amt-5-2039-2012 Rosenfeld, 2013, Aerosol cloud-mediated radiative forcing: highly uncertain and opposite effects from shallow and deep clouds, Res. Modell. Pred. Prior., 105 Saigusa, 2010, Impact of meteorological anomalies in the 2003 summer on gross primary productivity in East Asia, Biogeosciences, 7, 641, 10.5194/bg-7-641-2010 Seneviratne, 2006, Land-atmosphere coupling and climate change in Europe, Nature, 443, 205, 10.1038/nature05095 Seneviratne, 2010, Investigating soil moisture-climate interactions in a changing climate: a review, Earth Sci. Rev., 4, 125, 10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.02.004 Siljander, 2011, A predictive modelling technique for human population distribution and abundance estimation using remote sensing and geospatial data in rural mountainous area in Kenya, Int. J. Remote Sens., 32, 5997, 10.1080/01431161.2010.499383 Sitch, 2007, Indirect radiative forcing of climate change through ozone effects on the land-carbon sink, Nature, 448, 791, 10.1038/nature06059 Sitch, 2008, Evaluation of the terrestrial carbon cycle, future plant geography and climate-carbon cycle feedbacks using five dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs), Global Change Biol., 14, 2015, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01626.x Spracklen, 2012, Observations of increased tropical rainfall preceded by air passage over forests, Nature, 489, 282, 10.1038/nature11390 Stahl, 2010, vol. 340, 150 Stevens, 2009, Untangling aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation in a buffered system, Nature, 461, 607, 10.1038/nature08281 Su, 2011, Soil nitrite as a source of atmospheric HONO and OH radicals, Science, 333, 1616, 10.1126/science.1207687 Teuling, 2010, Contrasting response of European forest and grassland energy exchange to heat waves, Nat. Geosci., 3, 722, 10.1038/ngeo950 Tunved, 2006, High natural aerosol loading over boreal forests, Science, 312, 261, 10.1126/science.1123052 Vakkari, 2011, New particle formation events in semi-clean South African savannah, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3333, 10.5194/acp-11-3333-2011 Vickers, 2009, A unified mechanism of action for isoprenoids in plant abiotic stress, Nat. Chem. Biol., 5, 283, 10.1038/nchembio.158 Wang, 2009, Increasing surface ozone concentrations in the background atmosphere of Southern China, 1994–2007, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6217, 10.5194/acp-9-6217-2009 Williams, 2011, The summertime boreal forest field measurement intensive (HUMPPA-COPEC- an overview of meteorological and chemical influences. Special issue on Summertime boreal forest atmospheric chemistry and physics (HUMPPA-COPEC 2010), vol. 11, 15921