The short-term effects of fixed copayment policy on elderly health spending and service utilization: evidence from South Korea’s age-based policy using exact date of birth

Almond, D., & Doyle, J. J. (2011). After midnight: A regression discontinuity design in length of postpartum hospital stays. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 3(3), 1–34.

Antwi, Y. A., Moriya, A. S., & Simon, K. I. (2015). Access to health insurance and the use of inpatient medical care: Evidence from the affordable care act young adult mandate. Journal of Health Economics, 39, 171–187.

Bae, B., Choi, B. R., & Song, I. (2018). The impact of change from copayment to coinsurance on medical care usage and expenditure in outpatient setting in older Koreans. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 33(1), 235–245.

Baicker, K., & Goldman, D. (2011). Patient cost-sharing and healthcare spending growth. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25(2), 47–68.

Barreca, A. I., Lindo, J. M., & Waddell, G. R. (2016). Heaping-induced bias in regression-discontinuity designs. Economic Inquiry, 54(1), 268–293.

Barreca, A. I., Guldi, M., Lindo, J. M., & Waddell, G. R. (2011). Saving babies? Revisiting the effect of very low birth weight classification. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126(4), 2117–2123.

Boudreaux, M. H., Call, K. T., Turner, J., Fried, B., & O’Hara, B. (2015). Measurement error in public health insurance reporting in the American Community Survey: Evidence from record linkage. Health Services Research, 50(6), 1973–1995.

Brot-Goldberg, Z. C., Amitabh Chandra, A., Handel, B. R., & Kolstad, J. T. (2017). What does a deductible do? The impact of cost-sharing on health care prices, quantities, and spending dynamics. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 132(3), 1261–1318.

Call, K. T., Davern, M. E., Klerman, J. A., & Lynch, V. (2013). Comparing errors in medicaid reporting across surveys: Evidence to date. Health Services Research, 48(2), 652–664.

Cattaneo, M. D., & Vazquez-Bare, G. (2016). The choice of neighborhood in regression discontinuity designs. Observational Studies, 2, 134–146.

Cattaneo, M. D., Titiunik, R., & Vazquez-Bare, G. (2017). Comparing inference approaches for RD designs: A reexamination of the effect of head start on child mortality. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 36(3), 643–681.

Chandra, A., Gruber, J., & McKnight, R. (2010a). Patient cost-sharing and hospitalization offsets in the elderly. American Economic Review, 100(1), 193–213.

Chandra, A., Gruber, J., & McKnight, R. (2010b). Patient cost sharing in low income populations. American Economic Review, 100(2), 303–308.

Chandra, A., Gruber, J., & McKnight, R. (2014). The impact of patient cost-sharing on low income populations: Evidence from Massachusetts. Journal of Health Economics, 33, 57–66.

Chiappori, P. A., Durand, F., & Geoffard, P. Y. (1998). Moral hazard and the demand for physician services: First lessons from a French natural experiment. European Economic Review, 42(3–5), 499–511.

Duarte, F. (2012). Price elasticity of expenditure across health care services. Journal of Health Economics, 31(6), 824–841.

Ellis, R. P., Martins, B., & Zhu, W. (2017). Health care demand elasticities by type of service. Journal of Health Economics, 55, 232–243.

Fan, J., & Gijbels, I. (1996). Local polynomial modelling and its applications. Chapman and Hall.

Font, J. C., & Toyama, M. G. (2011). Does cost sharing really reduce inappropriate prescriptions among the elderly? Health Policy, 101(2), 195–208.

Fukushima, K., Mizuoka, S., Yamamoto, S., & Iizuka, T. (2016). Patient cost sharing and medical expenditures for the elderly. Journal of Health Economics, 45, 115–130.

Gelman, A., & Imbens, G. (2019). Why high-order polynomials should not be used in regression discontinuity designs. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 37(3), 447–456.

Goldman, D., Joyce, G., & Zheng, Y. (2007). Prescription drug cost sharing: Associations with medication and medical utilization and spending and health. Journal of the American Medical Association, 298(1), 61–69.

Gregersen, F. A. (2014). The impact of ageing on health care expenditures: A study of steepening. European Journal of Health Economics, 15(9), 979–989.

Hahn, J., Todd, P., & van der Klaauw, W. (2001). Identification and estimation of treatment effects with a regression-discontinuity design. Econometrica, 69(1), 201–209.

Hsu, J., Price, M., Huang, J., Brand, R., Fung, V., Hui, R., Fireman, B., Newhouse, J. P., & Selby, J. V. (2006). Unintended consequences of caps on medicare drug benefits. New England Journal of Medicine, 354, 2349–2359.

Imbens, G. W., & Lemieux, T. (2008). Regression discontinuity designs: A guide to practice. Journal of Econometrics, 142(2), 615–635.

Jeon, B., Haruko, N., Soonman, K., Tomoko, I., & Nanako, T. (2017). Disability, poverty, and role of the basic livelihood security system on health services utilization among the elderly in South Korea. Social Science and Medicine, 178, 175–183.

Kaestner, R., & Khan, N. (2012). Medicare part D and its effect on the use of prescription drugs and use of other health care services of the elderly. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 31(2), 253–279.

Kim, J., Ko, S., & Yang, B. (2005). The effects of patient cost sharing on ambulatory utilization in South Korea. Health Policy, 72(3), 293–300.

Kim, M., & Kwon, S. (2010). The effect of outpatient cost sharing on health care utilization of the elderly. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 43(6), 496–504 (in Korean).

Kolasa, K., & Kowalczyk, M. (2016). Does cost sharing do more harm or more good? A systematic literature review. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 992.

Landsman, P. B., Yu, W., Liu, X. F., Tuetsch, S. M., & Berger, M. L. (2005). Impact of 3-tier pharmacy benefit design and increased consumer cost-sharing on drug utilization. American Journal of Managed Care, 11, 621–628.

Lee, D. S., & Card, D. E. (2008). Regression discontinuity inference with specification error. Journal of Econometrics, 142(2), 655–674.

Lee, D. S., & Lemieux, T. (2010). Regression discontinuity designs in economics. Journal of Economic Literature, 48(2), 281–355.

Manning, W. G., Newhouse, J. P., Duan, N., Keeler, E. B., & Leibowitz, A. (1987). Health insurance and the demand for medical care: Evidence from a randomized experiment. American Economic Review, 77(3), 251–277.

McCrary, J., & Royer, H. (2011). The effect of female education on fertility and infant health: Evidence from school entry policies using exact date of birth. American Economic Review, 101(1), 158–195.

Meisner, B. A., & Baker, J. (2013). An exploratory analysis of aging expectations and health care behavior among aging adults. Psychology and Aging, 28(1), 99–104.

Na, Y. K., Jeong, H. S., Ahn, B. R., & Lee, K. S. (2016). The effect of the fixed copayment on medical utilization and health expenditure of the elderly. Korean Journal of Health Economics and Policy, 22(4), 1–20 (in Korean).

Newhouse, J. (1993). Free for All: Lessons from the RAND health insurance experiment. Harvard University Press.

Nilssona, A., & Paul, A. (2018). Patient cost-sharing, socioeconomic status, and children’s health care utilization. Journal of Health Economics, 59(1), 109–124.

Rice, T., & Matsuoka, K. Y. (2004). The impact of cost-sharing on appropriate utilization and health status: A review of the literature on seniors. Medical Care Research and Review, 61(4), 415–452.

Roquebert, Q., & Tenand, M. (2017). Pay Less, Consume More? The price elasticity of home care for the disabled elderly in France. Health Economics, 26(9), 1162–1174.

Sahn, D., Younger, S. D., & Genicot, G. (2003). The demand for health care services in rural Tanzania. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 65(2), 241–260.

Selby, J., Fireman, B., & Swain, B. (1996). Effect of a co-payment on use of the emergency department in health maintenance organization. New England Journal of Medicine, 334, 635–641.

Shigeoka, H. (2014). The effect of patient cost sharing on utilization, health, and risk protection. American Economic Review, 104(7), 2152–2184.

Takaku, R. (2016). Effects of reduced cost-sharing on children’s health: Evidence from Japan. Social Science and Medicine, 151, 46–55.

Tamblyn, R., Laprise, R., Hanley, J. A., Abrahamowicz, M., Scott, S., Mayo, N., Hurley, J., Grad, R., Latimer, E., Perreault, R., McLeod, P., Huang, A., Larochelle, P., & Mallet, L. (2001). Adverse events associated with prescription drug cost-sharing among poor and elderly persons. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285(4), 421–429.

van Gaans, D., & Dent, E. (2018). Issues of accessibility to health services by older Australians: A review. Public Health Review, 39, 20.

Zhou, Z., Su, Y., Gao, J., Xu, L., & Zhang, Y. (2011). New estimates of elasticity of demand for healthcare in rural China. Health Policy, 103, 255–265.