The seroepidemiology of tetanus in Catalonia, Spain

Amela C, Pachón I (2000) Estudio seroepidemiológico: situación de las enfermedades vacunables en España. Instituto de salud Carlos III, Madrid

Aue A, Hennig H, Krüger S, Closius B, Kirchner H, Seyfarth M (2003) Immunity against diphtheria and tetanus in German blood donors. Med Microbiol Immunol 192:93–97

Bardenheier B, Prevots DR, Khetsuriani N, Wharton M (1998) Tetanus surveillance—United States, 1995–1997. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Surveill Summ 47:1–13

Bayas JM, Vilella A, Bertran MJ, Vidal J, Batalla J, Asenjo MA, Salleras L (2001) Immunogenecity and reactogenecity of the adult tetanus-diphtheria vaccine. How many doses are necessary? Epidemiol Infect 127:451–460

Black TP (2005) Clostridium tetani (Tetanus). In: Mandel GL, Bennelt JE, Dolin R (eds) Principles and practice of infectious diseases, 6th edn. Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, pp 2817–2822

Bonetti TCS, Succi RCM, Wechx LY, Tavares-Lopez L, de Moraes-Pinto MI (2004) Tetanus and diphtheria antibodies and response to a booster dose in Brazilian HIV-1-infected women. Vaccine 22:3707–3712

Caglar K, Karakus R, Aybay C (2005) Determination of tetanus antibodies by a double-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in individuals of various age groups. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 24:523–528

Carson PJ, Nichol KL, O’Brien J, Hilo P, Janoff EN (2000) Immune function and vaccine responses in healthy advanced elderly patients. Arch Intern Med 160:2017–2024

Cavuslu S, Oncul O, Altunay H, Ozsoy MF, Kocak N (2003) Seroprevalence of tetanus antibody in Turkish population and effectiveness of single-dose tetanus toxoid. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 22:431–433

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2006) Recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedule—United States, 2006. MMWR 54:Q1–Q4

Centers for Disease Control, Prevention (2005) Recommended adult immunization schedule—United States, 2005—September 2006. MMWR 54:Q1–Q4

Centro Nacional de Epidemiología (2005) Comentario epidemiológico de las enfermedades de declaración obligatoria y sistema de información microbiológica. Boletín Epidemiológico Semanal 13:109–116

Cohen AL, Veenstra D (2006) Economic analysis of prevaccination serotesting compared with presumptive immunization for polio, diphtheria, and tetanus in internationally adopted and immigrant infants. Pediatrics 117:1650–1655

De Melker HE, Van Den Hof S, Berbers GA, Conyn-van Spaendonck MA (2003) Evaluation of the national immunisation programme in the Netherlands: immunity to diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Vaccine 21:716–720

Dening MS, Roungou JB, Kristiansen M, Heron I, Yango A, Guenengafo A, Ndamobissi R (2002) Tetanus toxoid coverage as an indicator of serological protection against neonatal tetanus. Bull World Health Organ 80:696–703

Departamento de Salud (2005) Resumen de las enfermedades de declaración obligatoria en Cataluña durante el año 2004. Butlletí Epidemiològic de Catalunya XXVI:145–157

Dundar V, Yumuk Z, Ozturk-Dundar D, Erdogan S, Gacar G (2005) Prevalence of tetanus immunity in the Kocaeli Region, Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis 58:279–282

Gidding HF, Backhouse JL, Burgess MA, Gilbert GL (2005) Immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in Australia: a national serosurvey. Med J Aust 183:301–304

Hayney MS, Love GD, Carlberg BM, Muller D (2003) Tetanus seroprevalence among farmers: a preliminary study. J Rural Health 19:109–112

Heyman DL (ed) (2004) Control of communicable disease manual, 18th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, pp 528–534

Hüllstrung HD, Mäusezahl D, Feuz M. Herzog C, Conzelmann M, Zimmerli W (2003) Tetanus immunisation in geriatric patients with accidental wounds: how much is needed? Swiss Med Wkly 133:227–232

Inandi T, Ertekin V, Ayyildiz A (2002) Sero-epidemiology of tetanus antibody among the children in eastern Turkey. Public Health 116:379–382

Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya (2002) Anuari d’estadística 2001, Barcelona: Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya

Janout V, Matouskova I, Cizek L (2003) The 2001 serologic survey in the Czech Republic tetanus. Cent Eur J Public Health 11(Suppl):S13–S16

Kiliç D, Kaygusuz S, Saygun M, Çakmak A, Uzer H, Doganci L (2003) Seroprevalence of tetanus immunity among noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. J Diabetes Complicat 17:258–263

Kurtoglu D, Gozalan A, Coplu N, Miyamurc K, Morita M, Egen B, Akin L (2004) Community-based seroepidemiology of tetanus in three selected provinces in Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis 57:10–16

Maple PAC, Jones CS, Wall EC, Vyse E, Edmunds WJ, Andrews NJ, Miller E (2001) Immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in England and Wales. Vaccine 19:167–173

McQuillan GM, Kruszon-Moran D, Deforest A, Chu SY, Wharton M (2002) Serologic immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in the United States. Ann Intern Med 136:660–666

Mendrinou E, Konzelis A, Georgakapoulos P, Dodou V, Regli A (2004) Immunity to tetanus of a rural population in a Greek country. New Microbiol 27:187–189

Office of population censures and surveys (1980) Classification of occupations. OPSC, London

Pachón I, Amela C, de Ory F (2002) Age-specific seroprevalence of poliomyelitis, diphtheria and tetanus antibodies in Spain. Epidemiol Infect 129:535–541

Redwan El-RM, Al-Awady MK (2002) Prevalence of tetanus immunity in the Egyptian population. Hum Antibodies 11:55–59

Salleras L, Vidal J, Bruguera M, Gené J, Navas E, Batalla J, Bayas JM, Esteban R (1994) Vacunaciones del adulto. Med Clin (Barc) 102(Supl 1):42–55

Sauerbrei A, Groh A, Bischoff A, Prager J, Wutzler P (2002) Antibodies against vaccine-preventable diseases in pregnant women and their offspring in the eastern part of Germany. Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl) 190:167–172

Tamer A, Karabay O, Ekerbicer H, Tahtaci M, Selam B, Celebi H (2005) Impaired immunity against tetanus in type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Monit 11:CR580–CR584

Velarde C, Cordero AI, Elesh A, Gómez JA (2004) El reto de la protección antitetánica en los ancianos. Aten Primaria 33:524–525

Vidal J, Domínguez A, Plans P, Salleras L (2000) Seroepidemiología del tétanos en la población adulta de Cataluña, 1989–1996. Vacunas 1:153–156

Walory J, Grzesiowski P, Hryniewicz W (2000) Immunity against diphtheria and tetanus in the adult Polish population. Pol Merkuriusz Lek 9:687–692

Wassilak SG, Roper MH, Murphy TV, Orenstein WA (2004) Tetanus Toxoid. In: Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA (eds) Vaccines, 4th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 745–781