Vai trò của vitamin D trong cơ chế gây bệnh và điều trị tiểu đường: một bài tổng quan

Hormones - Tập 18 - Trang 37-48 - 2018
Maria Grammatiki1, Spiros Karras1, Kalliopi Kotsa1
1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism-Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

Tóm tắt

Tiểu đường mellitus, một rối loạn chuyển hóa liên quan đến các biến chứng mạn tính, được phân loại truyền thống thành hai kiểu chính. Tiểu đường type 1 (T1DM) là kết quả của việc phá hủy tự miễn tế bào β trong đảo tụy, kéo dài qua nhiều tháng hoặc nhiều năm. Tiểu đường type 2 (T2DM) là một rối loạn đa dạng, với cả kháng insulin và suy giảm tiết insulin đều tham gia vào sinh bệnh học của nó. Vitamin D là một vitamin hòa tan trong chất béo có vai trò đã được khẳng định trong chuyển hóa canxi. Gần đây, một số nghiên cứu đã cung cấp bằng chứng cho thấy vai trò của nó trong nhiều tình trạng chuyển hóa không liên quan đến xương, bao gồm cả hai loại tiểu đường mellitus. Các nghiên cứu trước lâm sàng về tác động của vitamin D đối với tiết insulin, hành động insulin, các quá trình viêm và điều hòa miễn dịch, cùng với bằng chứng về sự gia tăng tình trạng thiếu vitamin D trên toàn cầu, đã thúc đẩy một số nghiên cứu dịch tễ học, quan sát và lâm sàng bổ sung điều tra khả năng tương tác sinh học giữa thiếu vitamin D và tiểu đường. Bài viết tổng quan này nhằm tóm tắt kiến thức hiện tại về tác động của vitamin D đối với sinh bệnh học, phòng ngừa và điều trị T1DM và T2DM, cũng như các biến chứng vi mạch và đại mạch của bệnh. Hơn nữa, dựa trên bằng chứng hiện có, chúng tôi nhằm làm nổi bật các lĩnh vực nghiên cứu tiềm năng trong tương lai.

Từ khóa

#Vitamin D #tiểu đường #sinh bệnh học #điều trị #biến chứng mạch máu

Tài liệu tham khảo

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