The role of toxin A and toxin B in Clostridium difficile infection
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Poutanen, S. M. & Simor, A. E. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 171, 51–58 (2004)
Elliott, B., Chang, B. J., Golledge, C. L. & Riley, T. V. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea. Intern. Med. J. 37, 561–568 (2007)
Lyerly, D. M., Saum, K. E., MacDonald, D. K. & Wilkins, T. D. Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins given intragastrically to animals. Infect. Immun. 47, 349–352 (1985)
Lyras, D. et al. Toxin B is essential for virulence of Clostridium difficile . Nature 458, 1176–1179 (2009)
Heap, J. T., Pennington, O. J., Cartman, S. T., Carter, G. P. & Minton, N. P. The ClosTron: a universal gene knock-out system for the genus Clostridium . J. Microbiol. Methods 70, 452–464 (2007)
Heap, J. T. et al. The ClosTron: Mutagenesis in Clostridium refined and streamlined. J. Microbiol. Methods 80, 49–55 (2010)
Just, I. & Gerhard, R. Large clostridial cytotoxins. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 152, 23–47 (2004)
Hussain, H. A., Roberts, A. P. & Mullany, P. Generation of an erythromycin-sensitive derivative of Clostridium difficile strain 630 (630Δerm) and demonstration that the conjugative transposon Tn916ΔE enters the genome of this strain at multiple sites. J. Med. Microbiol. 54, 137–141 (2005)
Torres, J., Camorlinga-Ponce, M. & Munoz, O. Sensitivity in culture of epithelial cells from rhesus monkey kidney and human colon carcinoma to toxins A and B from Clostridium difficile . Toxicon 30, 419–426 (1992)
Sebaihia, M. et al. The multidrug-resistant human pathogen Clostridium difficile has a highly mobile, mosaic genome. Nature Genet. 38, 779–786 (2006)
Hachler, H., Berger-Bachi, B. & Kayser, F. H. Genetic characterization of a Clostridium difficile erythromycin-clindamycin resistance determinant that is transferable to Staphylococcus aureus . Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 31, 1039–1045 (1987)
O’Connor, J. R. et al. Construction and analysis of chromosomal Clostridium difficile mutants. Mol. Microbiol. 61, 1335–1351 (2006)
Kim, P. H., Iaconis, J. P. & Rolfe, R. D. Immunization of adult hamsters against Clostridium difficile-associated ileocecitis and transfer of protection to infant hamsters. Infect. Immun. 55, 2984–2992 (1987)
Voth, D. E. & Ballard, J. D. Clostridium difficile toxins: mechanism of action and role in disease. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18, 247–263 (2005)
Du, T. & Alfa, M. J. Translocation of Clostridium difficile toxin B across polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers is enhanced by toxin A. Can. J. Infect. Dis. 15, 83–88 (2004)
Chaves-Olarte, E. et al. R-Ras glucosylation and transient RhoA activation determine the cytopathic effect produced by toxin B variants from toxin A-negative strains of Clostridium difficile . J. Biol. Chem. 278, 7956–7963 (2003)
Torres, J. F. Purification and characterisation of toxin B from a strain of Clostridium difficile that does not produce toxin A. J. Med. Microbiol. 35, 40–44 (1991)
Alfa, M. J. et al. Characterization of a toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive strain of Clostridium difficile responsible for a nosocomial outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38, 2706–2714 (2000)
Stabler, R. A., Dawson, L. F., Phua, L. T. & Wren, B. W. Comparative analysis of BI/NAP1/027 hypervirulent strains reveals novel toxin B-encoding gene (tcdB) sequences. J. Med. Microbiol. 57, 771–775 (2008)
Drudy, D., Fanning, S. & Kyne, L. Toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile . Int. J. Infect. Dis. 11, 5–10 (2007)
Drudy, D., Harnedy, N., Fanning, S., Hannan, M. & Kyne, L. Emergence and control of fluoroquinolone-resistant, toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile . Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 28, 932–940 (2007)
Heap, J. T., Pennington, O. J., Cartman, S. T. & Minton, N. P. A modular system for Clostridium shuttle plasmids. J. Microbiol. Methods 78, 79–85 (2009)
Williams, D. R., Young, D. I. & Young, M. Conjugative plasmid transfer from Escherichia coli to Clostridium acetobutylicum . J. Gen. Microbiol. 136, 819–826 (1990)
Sorg, J. A. & Sonenshein, A. L. Bile salts and glycine as cogerminants for Clostridium difficile spores. J. Bacteriol. 190, 2505–2512 (2008)
Cartman, S. T. & Minton, N. P. A mariner-based transposon system for in vivo random mutagenesis of Clostridium difficile . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76, 1103–1109 (2010)
Sambrook, J. & Russell, D. W. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2001)