Aithal GP, Craggs A, Day CP et al (2001) Role of polymorphisms in the interleukin-10 gene in determining disease susceptibility and phenotype in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci 46:1520
Annacker O, Pimenta-Araujo R, Burlen-Defranoux O et al (2001) CD25+ CD4+ T cells regulate the expansion of peripheral CD4 T cells through the production of IL-10. J Immunol 166:3008
Apostolou I, Sarukhan A, Klein L et al (2002) Origin of regulatory T cells with known specificity for antigen. Nat Immunol 3:756
Asseman C, Mauze S, Leach MW et al (1999) An essential role for interleukin 10 in the function of regulatory T cells that inhibit intestinal inflammation. J Exp Med 190:995
Asseman C, Read S, Powrie F (2003) Colitogenic Th1 cells are present in the antigen-experienced T cell pool in normal mice: control by CD4+ regulatory T cells and IL-10. J Immunol 171:971
Banz A, Peixoto A, Pontoux C et al (2003) A unique subpopulation of CD4+ regulatory T cells controls wasting disease, IL-10 secretion and T cell homeostasis. Eur J Immunol 33:2419
Barrat FJ, Cua DJ, Boonstra A et al (2002) In vitro generation of interleukin 10-producing regulatory CD4(+) T cells is induced by immunosuppressive drugs and inhibited by T helper type 1 (Th1)- and Th2-inducing cytokines. J Exp Med 195:603
Belkaid Y (2003) The role of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in Leishmania infection. Expert Opin Biol Ther 3:875
Bennett CL, Brunkow ME, Ramsdell F et al (2001) A rare polyadenylation signal mutation of the FOXP3 gene (AAUAAA→AAUGAA) leads to the IPEX syndrome. Immunogenetics 53:435
Bennett CL, Christie J, Ramsdell F et al (2001) The immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX) is caused by mutations of FOXP3. Nat Genet 27:20
Berg DJ, Davidson N, Kuhn R et al (1996) Enterocolitis and colon cancer in interleukin-10-deficient mice are associated with aberrant cytokine production and CD4(+) TH1-like responses. J Clin Invest 98:1010
Bode U, Wonigeit K, Pabst R et al (1997) The fate of activated T cells migrating through the body: rescue from apoptosis in the tissue of origin. Eur J Immunol 27:2087
Bruder D, Probst-Kepper M, Westendorf AM et al (2004) Neuropilin-1: a surface marker of regulatory T cells. Eur J Immunol 34:623
Brunkow ME, Jeffery EW, Hjerrild KA et al (2001) Disruption of a new forkhead/winged-helix protein, scurfin, results in the fatal lymphoproliferative disorder of the scurfy mouse. Nat Genet 27:68
Cao D, van Vollenhoven R, Klareskog L et al (2004) CD25brightCD4+ regulatory T cells are enriched in inflamed joints of patients with chronic rheumatic disease. Arthritis Res Ther 6:R335
Cederbom L, Hall H, Ivars F (2000) CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells down-regulate co-stimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells. Eur J Immunol 30:1538
Coombes JL, Robinson NJ, Maloy KJ et al (2005) Regulatory T cells and intestinal homeostasis. Immunol Rev 204:184
Cozzo C, Larkin J III, Caton AJ (2003) Self-peptides drive the peripheral expansion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. J Immunol 171:5678
Davidson NJ, Leach MW, Fort MM et al (1996) T helper cell 1-type CD4+ T cells, but not B cells, mediate colitis in interleukin 10-deficient mice. J Exp Med 184:241
Donnelly RP, Dickensheets H, Finbloom DS (1999) The interleukin-10 signal transduction pathway and regulation of gene expression in mononuclear phagocytes. J Interferon Cytokine Res 19:563
Ermann J, Szanya V, Ford GS et al (2001) CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells facilitate the induction of T cell anergy. J Immunol 167:4271
Fahlen L, Read S, Gorelik L et al (2005) T cells that cannot respond to TGF-{beta} escape control by CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. J Exp Med 201:737
Fontenot JD, Gavin MA, Rudensky AY (2003) Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Nat Immunol 4:330
Fontenot JD, Rasmussen JP, Williams LM et al (2005) Regulatory T cell lineage specification by the forkhead transcription factor foxp3. Immunity 22:329
Fort MM, Leach MW, Rennick DM (1998) A role for NK cells as regulators of CD4+ T cells in a transfer model of colitis. J Immunol 161:3256
Foussat A, Cottrez F, Brun V et al (2003) A comparative study between T regulatory type 1 and CD4+CD25+ T cells in the control of inflammation. J Immunol 171:5018
Gavin MA, Clarke SR, Negrou E et al (2002) Homeostasis and anergy of CD4(+)CD25(+) suppressor T cells in vivo. Nat Immunol 3:33
Gebbers JO, Kennel I, Laissue JA (1992) Lymphoid follicles of the human large bowel mucosa: structure and function. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 76:126
Gershon RK (1975) A disquisition on suppressor T cells. Transplant Rev 26:170
Gorelik L, Flavell RA (2000) Abrogation of TGFbeta signaling in T cells leads to spontaneous T cell differentiation and autoimmune disease. Immunity 12:171
Gorelik L, Flavell RA (2002) Transforming growth factor-beta in T-cell biology. Nat Rev Immunol 2:46
Graca L, Cobbold SP, Waldmann H (2002) Identification of regulatory T cells in tolerated allografts. J Exp Med 195:1641
Groux H, O’Garra A, Bigler M et al (1997) A CD4+ T-cell subset inhibits antigen-specific T-cell responses and prevents colitis. Nature 389:737
Herfarth H, Scholmerich J (2002) IL-10 therapy in Crohn’s disease: at the crossroads. Treatment of Crohn’s disease with the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10. Gut 50:146
Hori S, Carvalho TL, Demengeot J (2002) CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells suppress CD4+ T cell-mediated pulmonary hyperinflammation driven by Pneumocystis carinii in immunodeficient mice. Eur J Immunol 32:1282
Hori S, Haury M, Coutinho A et al (2002) Specificity requirements for selection and effector functions of CD25+4+ regulatory T cells in anti-myelin basic protein T cell receptor transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:8213
Itano AA, Jenkins MK (2003) Antigen presentation to naive CD4 T cells in the lymph node. Nat Immunol 4:733
Ito S, Ansari P, Sakatsume M et al (1999) Interleukin-10 inhibits expression of both interferon alpha- and interferon gamma-induced genes by suppressing tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1. Blood 93:1456
Itoh M, Takahashi T, Sakaguchi N et al (1999) Thymus and autoimmunity: production of CD25+CD4+ naturally anergic and suppressive T cells as a key function of the thymus in maintaining immunologic self-tolerance. J Immunol 162:5317
Jordan MS, Boesteanu A, Reed AJ et al (2001) Thymic selection of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells induced by an agonist self-peptide. Nat Immunol 2:301
Khattri R, Kasprowicz D, Cox T et al (2001) The amount of scurfin protein determines peripheral T cell number and responsiveness. J Immunol 167:6312
Kim JD, Choi BK, Bae JS et al (2003) Cloning and characterization of GITR ligand. Genes Immun 4:564
Kitani A, Fuss I, Nakamura K et al (2003) Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1-producing regulatory T cells induce Smad-mediated interleukin 10 secretion that facilitates coordinated immunoregulatory activity and amelioration of TGF-beta1-mediated fibrosis. J Exp Med 198:1179
Kobayashi M, Kweon MN, Kuwata H et al (2003) Toll-like receptor-dependent production of IL-12p40 causes chronic enterocolitis in myeloid cell-specific Stat3-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 111:1297
Kullberg MC, Jankovic D, Gorelick PL et al (2002) Bacteria-triggered CD4(+) T regulatory cells suppress Helicobacter hepaticus-induced colitis. J Exp Med 196:505
Kullberg MC, Ward JM, Gorelick PL et al (1998) Helicobacter hepaticus triggers colitis in specific-pathogen-free interleukin-10 (IL-10)-deficient mice through an IL-12- and gamma interferon-dependent mechanism. Infect Immun 66:5157
Lehmann J, Huehn J, de la Rosa M et al (2002) Expression of the integrin alpha Ebeta 7 identifies unique subsets of CD25+ as well as CD25− regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:13031
Leithauser F, Trobonjaca Z, Moller P et al (2001) Clustering of colonic lamina propria CD4(+) T cells to subepithelial dendritic cell aggregates precedes the development of colitis in a murine adoptive transfer model. Lab Invest 81:1339
Liu H, Hu B, Xu D et al (2003) CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells cure murine colitis: the role of IL-10, TGF-beta, and CTLA4. J Immunol 171:5012
Lohr J, Knoechel B, Jiang S et al (2003) The inhibitory function of B7 costimulators in T cell responses to foreign and self-antigens. Nat Immunol 4:664
Macpherson AJ, Harris NL (2004) Interactions between commensal intestinal bacteria and the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 4:478
Makita S, Kanai T, Oshima S et al (2004) CD4+CD25 bright T cells in human intestinal lamina propria as regulatory cells. J Immunol 173:3119
Malmstrom V, Shipton D, Singh B et al (2001) CD134L expression on dendritic cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes drives colitis in T cell-restored SCID mice. J Immunol 166:6972
Maloy KJ, Antonelli LR, Lefevre M et al (2005) Cure of innate intestinal immune pathology by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Immunol Lett 97:189
Maloy KJ, Powrie F (2001) Regulatory T cells in the control of immune pathology. Nat Immunol 2:816
Maloy KJ, Salaun L, Cahill R et al (2003) CD4+CD25+ T(R) cells suppress innate immune pathology through cytokine-dependent mechanisms. J Exp Med 197:111
McGuirk P, Mills KH (2002) Pathogen-specific regulatory T cells provoke a shift in the Th1/Th2 paradigm in immunity to infectious diseases. Trends Immunol 23:450
McHugh RS, Whitters MJ, Piccirillo CA et al (2002) CD4(+)CD25(+) immunoregulatory T cells: gene expression analysis reveals a functional role for the glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor. Immunity 16:311
Melgar S, Yeung MM, Bas A et al (2003) Over-expression of interleukin 10 in mucosal T cells of patients with active ulcerative colitis. Clin Exp Immunol 134:127
Mellor AL, Munn DH (2004) IDO expression by dendritic cells: tolerance and tryptophan catabolism. Nat Rev Immunol 4:762
Meresse B, Rutgeerts P, Malchow H et al (2002) Low ileal interleukin 10 concentrations are predictive of endoscopic recurrence in patients with Crohn’s disease. Gut 50:25
Mizoguchi A, Mizoguchi E, Smith RN et al (1997) Suppressive role of B cells in chronic colitis of T cell receptor alpha mutant mice. J Exp Med 186:1749
Mizoguchi E, Mizoguchi A, Preffer FI et al (2000) Regulatory role of mature B cells in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease. Int Immunol 12:597
Moore KW, de Waal Malefyt R, Coffman RL et al (2001) Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor. Annu Rev Immunol 19:683
Mottet C, Uhlig HH, Powrie F (2003) Cutting edge: cure of colitis by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. J Immunol 170:3939
Nakamura K, Kitani A, Fuss I et al (2004) TGF-beta1 plays an important role in the mechanism of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cell activity in both humans and mice. J Immunol 172:834
O’Garra A, Barrat FJ (2003) In vitro generation of IL-10-producing regulatory CD4+ T cells is induced by immunosuppressive drugs and inhibited by Th1- and Th2-inducing cytokines. Immunol Lett 85:135
O’Garra A, Vieira PL, Vieira P et al (2004) IL-10-producing and naturally occurring CD4+ Tregs: limiting collateral damage. J Clin Invest 114:1372
Pasare C, Medzhitov R (2004) Toll-dependent control mechanisms of CD4 T cell activation. Immunity 21:733
Pasare C, Medzhitov R (2003) Toll-like receptors: balancing host resistance with immune tolerance. Curr Opin Immunol 15:677
Piccirillo CA, Letterio JJ, Thornton AM et al (2002) CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells can mediate suppressor function in the absence of transforming growth factor beta1 production and responsiveness. J Exp Med 196:237
Piccirillo CA, Shevach EM (2001) Cutting edge: control of CD8+ T cell activation by CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory cells. J Immunol 167:1137
Poussier P, Ning T, Banerjee D et al (2002) A unique subset of self-specific intraintestinal T cells maintains gut integrity. J Exp Med 195:1491
Raghavan S, Fredriksson M, Svennerholm AM et al (2003) Absence of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells is associated with a loss of regulation leading to increased pathology in Helicobacter pylori-infected mice. Clin Exp Immunol 132:393
Read S, Malmstrom V, Powrie F (2000) Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 plays an essential role in the function of CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory cells that control intestinal inflammation. J Exp Med 192:295
Roncarolo MG, Bacchetta R, Bordignon C et al (2001) Type 1 T regulatory cells. Immunol Rev 182:68
Sakaguchi S (2004) Naturally arising CD4+ regulatory t cells for immunologic self-tolerance and negative control of immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol 22:531
Serra P, Amrani A, Yamanouchi J et al (2003) CD40 ligation releases immature dendritic cells from the control of regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells. Immunity 19:877
Shimizu J, Yamazaki S, Takahashi T et al (2002) Stimulation of CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells through GITR breaks immunological self-tolerance. Nat Immunol 3:135
Shull MM, Ormsby I, Kier AB et al (1992) Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease. Nature 359:693
Singh B, Read S, Asseman C et al (2001) Control of intestinal inflammation by regulatory T cells. Immunol Rev 182:190
Takeda K, Clausen BE, Kaisho T et al (1999) Enhanced Th1 activity and development of chronic enterocolitis in mice devoid of Stat3 in macrophages and neutrophils. Immunity 10:39
Thornton AM, Shevach EM (1998) CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells suppress polyclonal T cell activation in vitro by inhibiting interleukin 2 production. J Exp Med 188:287
Tivol EA, Borriello F, Schweitzer AN et al (1995) Loss of CTLA-4 leads to massive lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue destruction, revealing a critical negative regulatory role of CTLA-4. Immunity 3:541
Tone M, Tone Y, Adams E et al (2003) From the cover: mouse glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor ligand is costimulatory for T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:15059
Uhlig HH, Mottet C, Powrie F (2004) Homing of intestinal immune cells. Novartis Found Symp 263:179–188; discussion 188–192, 211
Uraushihara K, Kanai T, Ko K et al (2003) Regulation of murine inflammatory bowel disease by CD25+ and CD25− CD4+ glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family-related gene+ regulatory T cells. J Immunol 171:708
van der Linde K, Boor PP, Sandkuijl LA et al (2003) A Gly15Arg mutation in the interleukin-10 gene reduces secretion of interleukin-10 in Crohn disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 38:611
Van Montfrans C, Hooijberg E, Rodriguez Pena MS et al (2002) Generation of regulatory gut-homing human T lymphocytes using ex vivo interleukin 10 gene transfer. Gastroenterology 123:1877
Van Montfrans C, Rodriguez Pena MS, Pronk I et al (2002) Prevention of colitis by interleukin 10-transduced T lymphocytes in the SCID mice transfer model. Gastroenterology 123:1865
Vieira PL, Christensen JR, Minaee S et al (2004) IL-10-secreting regulatory T cells do not express Foxp3 but have comparable regulatory function to naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. J Immunol 172:5986
Walker LS, Chodos A, Eggena M et al (2003) Antigen-dependent proliferation of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in vivo. J Exp Med 198:249
Waterhouse P, Penninger JM, Timms E et al (1995) Lymphoproliferative disorders with early lethality in mice deficient in CTLA-4. Science 270:985
Wei B, Velazquez P, Turovskaya O et al (2005) Mesenteric B cells centrally inhibit CD4+ T cell colitis through interaction with regulatory T cell subsets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:2010
Weiner HL (2001) Induction and mechanism of action of transforming growth factor-beta-secreting Th3 regulatory cells. Immunol Rev 182:207
Wildin RS, Ramsdell F, Peake J et al (2001) X-linked neonatal diabetes mellitus, enteropathy and endocrinopathy syndrome is the human equivalent of mouse scurfy. Nat Genet 27:18
Wildin RS, Smyk-Pearson S, Filipovich AH (2002) Clinical and molecular features of the immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X linked (IPEX) syndrome. J Med Genet 39:537
Yoshida M, Watanabe T, Usui T et al (2001) CD4 T cells monospecific to ovalbumin produced by Escherichia coli can induce colitis upon transfer to BALB/c and SCID mice. Int Immunol 13:1561