The role of knowledge in students’ flood-risk perception
Tóm tắt
Until now, flood-risk perception in the Netherlands has been solely studied as it relates to adults. This exploratory study focused on 15-year-old students who have taken geography courses for 3 years. Since geography education focuses on the formation of knowledge and understanding with respect to flooding in the Netherlands, we were interested in finding out to what extent knowledge and understanding of flooding leads to a rational judgment of flood risk that influences flood-risk perception among 15-year-old students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 483 15-year-old students from different flood-prone areas in the Netherlands. A reference group of 134 students from higher-elevation areas also participated. In addition to risk perception and risk-related factors, the survey also consisted of a knowledge test about flood hazards and water management with respect to the Netherlands in general and with regard to the surroundings of the students’ schools. In general, students showed low personal flood-risk perceptions and much stronger general flood-risk perceptions. Students’ level of knowledge of floods and flood-related aspects was low. Predictors of personal risk perception included fear, knowledge of flooding in the surroundings of the school and the awareness of environmental cues. Further study is needed of the formation of knowledge in relation to engendering flood-risk awareness among students.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bostrom A, Fischhoff B, Morgan MG (1992) Characterizing mental models of hazardous processes: a methodology and an application to radon. J Soc Issues 48:85–100
Botzen WJW, Aerts JCJH, van den Bergh JCJM (2009) Dependence of flood risk perceptions on socioeconomic and objective risk factors. Water Resour Res 45. doi:10.1029/2009WR007743
Cohn LD, Macfarlane S, Yanez C, Imai WK (1995) Risk-perception: differences between adolescents and adults. Health Psychol 14:217–222
Courville T, Thompson B (2001) Use of structure coefficients in published multiple regression articles: β is not enough. Educ Psychol Meas 61:229–248
Deltacommittee (2008) Working together with water. A living land builds for its future. Findings of the Deltacommittee 2008, Rotterdam
Elkind D (1967) Egocentrism in adolescence. Child Dev 38:1025–1034
Finucane ML, Peters E, Slovic P (2003) Judgment and decision making: the dance of affect and reason. In: Schneider SL, Shanteau J (eds) Emerging perspectives on judgment and decision research. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 327–364
Grothmann T, Reusswig F (2006) People at risk of flooding: why some residents take precautionary action while others do not. Nat Hazards 38:101–120
Hermand D, Mullet E, Rompteaux L et al (1999) Societal risk perception among children, adolescents, adults and elderly people. J Adult Dev 6:137–143
Intomart GfK (2010) Watermonitor 2009: inzicht in waterbewustzijn van burgers en draagvlak voor beleid. Hilversum, Intomart GfK
Johnson BB (1993) Advancing understanding of knowledge’s role in lay risk perception risk. Issues Health Saf 4:189–212
Kellens W, Terpstra T, Schelfaut K, De Maeyer P (2011) Perception and communication of flood risks: a literature review. In: Kellens W (ed) Analysis, perception and communication of coastal flood risks: examining objective and subjective risk assessment. Dissertation, Ghent University, pp 83–130
Lijklema S (2001) Water beheren en communiceren: een studie naar het publieke draagvlak voor het waterbeheer in Nederland. Dissertation, Wageningen University
Lindell MK, Perry RW (1993) Risk area residents’ changing perceptions of volcano hazard at Mt. St. Helens. In: Nemec J et al (eds) Prediction and perception of natural hazards. Kluwer Academic, London, pp 159–166
Lindell MK, Perry RW (2004) Communicating environmental risk in multiethnic communities. Sage Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
Loewenstein GF, Weber EU, Hsee CK, Welch N (2001) Risk as feelings. Psychol Bull 127:267–286
Mileti DS, Peek L (2000) The social psychology of public response to warnings of a nuclear power plant accident. J Hazard Mater 75:181–194
Millstein SG, Halpern-Felsher BL (2002) Judgments about risk and perceived invulnerability in adolescents and young adults. J Res Adolescence 12:399–422
Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management (2006) Kabinetsstandpunt Rampenbeheersing Overstromingen DGW/WV 2006/1306
Poortinga W, Pidgeon NF (2003) Exploring the dimensionality of trust in risk regulation. Risk Anal 23:961–972
Quadrel MJ, Fischhoff B, Davis W (1993) Adolescent (in)vulnerability. Am Psychol 2:102–116
Renn O, Rohrmann B (eds) (2000) Cross-cultural risk perception. Kluwer Publishes, Dordrecht
Ronan KR, Johnston DM (2001) Correlates of hazards education programs for youth. Risk Anal 21:1055–1063
Ronan KR, Johnston DM, Daly M, Fairley R (2001) School children’s risk perceptions and preparedness: a hazards education survey. Australas J Disaster Trauma Stud 1:2
Ronan KR, Crellin K, Johnston DM (2010) Correlates of hazards education programs for youth: a replication study. Nat Hazards 53:503–526
Shaw R, Kobayashi M (2001) The role of schools in creating earthquake-safer environment. Paper presented at the OECD workshop disaster management and educational facilities. Thessaloniki, Greece. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/5342_SesiRoleSchoolsEQSafety.pdf. Accessed 13 July 2013
Shaw R, Shiwaku K, Kobayashi H, Kobayashi M (2004) Linking experience, education, perception and earthquake preparedness. Disaster Prev Manag 13:39–49
Siegrist M, Cvetkovich GT (2000) Perception of hazards: the role of social trust and knowledge. Risk Anal 20:713–719
Siegrist M, Gutscher H (2006) Flooding risks: a comparison of lay people’s perceptions and expert’s assessments in Switzerland. Risk Anal 26:971–979
Sjöberg L (2003) The different dynamics of personal and general risk. Risk Manag 5:19–34
Sjöberg L, Moen B, Rundmo T (2004) Explaining risk perception: an evaluation of the psychometric paradigm in risk perception research. Rotunde 84 Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Psychology, Trondheim
Slovic P, Fischhoff B, Lichtenstein S (1981) Perceived risk: psychological factors and social implications. Proc R Soc Lond A 376:17–34
Slovic P, Finucane ML, Peters E, MacGregor DG (2004) Risk as analysis and risk as feelings: some thoughts about affect, reason, risk and rationality. Risk Anal 24:311–322
Terpstra T (2011) Emotions, trust and perceived risk. Affective and cognitive routes to flood preparedness behavior. Risk Anal 31:1658–1675
Terpstra T, Lindell MK (2012) Citizens’ perceptions of flood hazard adjustments: an application of the protective action decision model. Environ Behav. doi:10.1177/0013916512452427
van den Berg G (ed) (2003) BuiteNLand (geography course books for pre-university education (VWO) and senior general secondary education (HAVO), 1st edn. EPN, Houten
van den Berg G (ed) (2008) BuiteNLand (geography course books for pre-university education (VWO) and senior general secondary education (HAVO), 2nd edn. EPN, Houten
van den Berg G (ed) (2009) Handboek vakdidactiek aardrijkskunde. Landelijk Expertisecentrum Mens- en Maatschappijvakken/Centrum voor Educatieve Geografie, Amsterdam
Weinstein ND (1989) Optimistic biases about personal risks. Science 246:1232–1233