The role of energy mix and financial development in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions’ reduction: evidence from ten leading CO2 emitting countries
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Al-mulali, U., Lee, J. Y., Mohammed, A. H., & Sheau-Ting, L. (2013). Examining the link between energy consumption, carbon dioxide emission, and economic growth in Latin America and the Caribbean. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 26, 42–48.
Al-Mulali, U., & Ozturk, I. (2016). The investigation of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the advanced economies: the role of energy prices. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 1622–1631.
Al-Mulali, U., Ozturk, I., & Lean, H. H. (2015a). The influence of economic growth, urbanization, trade openness, financial development, and renewable energy on pollution in Europe. Natural Hazards, 79(1), 621e644.
Al-Mulali, U., & Sab, C. N. B. C. (2012). The impact of energy consumption and CO2 emission on the economic growth and financial development in the Sub Saharan African countries. Energy, 39(1), 180e186.
Al-Mulali, U., Tang, C. F., & Ozturk, I. (2015b). Estimating the environment Kuznets curve hypothesis: Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 918e924.
Ang, J. (2007). CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and output in France. Energy Policy, 35, 4772–4778.
Ang, J. (2008). The long-run relationship between economic development, pollutant emissions, and energy consumption: evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Policy Modeling, 30, 271–278.
Ang, J. (2009). CO2 emissions, research and technology transfer in China. Ecological Economics, 68(10), 2658–2665.
Ang, J. (2010). Research, technological change and financial liberalization in South Korea. Journal of Macroeconomics, 32, 457–468.
Apergis, N., & Ozturk, I. (2015). Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Asian countries. Ecological Indicators, 52, 16–22.
Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2010a). Renewable energy consumption and economic growth: evidence from a panel of OECD countries. Energy Policy, 38(1), 656e660.
Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2010b). The emissions, energy consumption, and growth nexus: evidence from the commonwealth of independent states. Energy Policy, 38(1), 650–655.
Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2010c). Renewable energy consumption and economic growth: evidence from a panel of OECD countries. Energy Policy, 38(1), 656–660.
Apergis, N., Payne, J. E., Menyah, K., et al. (2010). On the causal dynamics between emissions, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and economic growth. Ecological Economics, 69(11), 2255–2260.
Arouri, M. E. H., Youssef, A. B., M’henni, H., & Rault, C. (2012). Energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in Middle East and North African countries. Energy Policy, 45, 342e349.
Azam, M., Khan, A. Q., Zaman, K., & Ahmad, M. (2015). Factors determining energy consumption: Evidence from Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 42, 1123–1131.
Barnett, J., & Beasley, L. (2015). Adapting to climate change and limiting global warming. Ecodesign for cities and suburbs. Berlin: Springer.
Behrens, P., Rodrigues, J. F. D., Brás, T., & Silva, C. (2016). Environmental, economic, and social impacts of feed-in tariffs: A Portuguese perspective 2000–2010. Applied Energy, 163, 309–319.
Bergmann, E. A. (2006). Essays on the economics of renewable energy. Glasgow: University of Glasgow.
Birdsall, N., & Wheeler, D. (1993). Trade policy and industrial pollution in Latin America: where are the pollution havens? Journal of Environment and Development, 2(1), 137–149.
Breitung, J. (1999). The local power of some unit root tests for panel data Sfb. Discussion Papers, 15(15), 161–177.
Breusch, T., & Pagan, A. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its application to model specification in econometrics. Review of Economic Studies, 47, 239–254.
Brussels, J. C. (2010). Economic crisis cuts European carbon emissions. London: Financial Times.
Campbell, D. L. (2013). Estimating the impact of currency unions on trade: solving the glick and rose puzzle. The World Economy, 36(10), 1278–1293.
CCPI. (2016). The climate change performance index: Background and methodology. Retrieved August 15, 2018 from https://germanwatch.org/en/2623 .
Chertow, M. R. (2000). The IPAT equation and its variants. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 4(4), 13–29.
Chikaraishi, M., Fujiwara, A., Kaneko, S., Poumanyvong, P., Komatsu, S., & Kalugin, A. (2015). The moderating effects of urbanization on carbon dioxide emissions: a latent class modeling approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 90, 302–317.
Chun-sheng, Z., Shu-wen, N., & Xin, Z. (2012). Effects of household energy consumption on environment and its influence factors in rural and urban areas. Energy Procedia, 14, 805–811.
Cong, R. G., Wi, Yi-Ming, Jiao, Jian-Lin, & Fan, Ying. (2008). Relationships between oil price shocks and stock market: an empirical analysis from China. Energy Policy, 36(9), 3544–3553.
Cowan, W. N., Chang, T., Inglesi-Lotz, R., & Gupta, R. (2014). The nexus of electricity consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in the BRICS countries. Energy Policy, 66, 359–368.
Daly, H. E., & Farley, J. (2011). Ecological economics: principles and applications. Washington: Island Press.
Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427–431.
Dogan, E., & Seker, F. (2016a). Determinants of CO2 emissions in the European Union: the role of renewable and non-renewable energy. Renewable Energy, 94, 429e439.
Dogan, E., & Seker, F. (2016b). The influence of real output, renewable and nonrenewable energy, trade and financial development on carbon emissions in the top renewable energy countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 1074e1085.
Dogan, E., Seker, F., & Bulbul, S. (2015). Investigating the impacts of energy consumption, real GDP, tourism and trade on CO2 emissions by accounting for cross-sectional dependence: a panel study of OECD countries. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(16), 1701–1719.
Dogan, E., & Turkekul, B. (2016). CO2 emissions, real output, energy consumption, trade, urbanization and financial development: testing the EKC hypothesis for the USA. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(2), 1203e1213.
Donglan, Z., Dequn, Z., & Peng, Z. (2010). Driving forces of residential CO2 emissions in urban and rural China: an index decomposition analysis. Energy Policy, 38(7), 3377–3383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.02.011 .
Dumitrescu, E.-I., & Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450–1460.
Enkvist, P., Denkil, J., & Lin, C. (2010). Impact of financial crisis on carbon economics: version 2.1 of the global greenhouse gas abatement cost curve. New York: Mckinsey and Company.
Farhani, S., & Ben Rejeb, J. (2012). Energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions: Evidence from panel data for MENA region. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy (IJEEP), 2(2), 71–81.
Farhani, S., & Ozturk, I. (2015). Causal relationship between CO2 emissions, real GDP, energy consumption, financial development, trade openness, and urbanization in Tunisia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(20), 15663e15676.
Feng, K. S., Hubacek, K., & Guan, D. B. (2009). Lifestyles, technology and CO2 emissions in China: a regional comparative analysis. Ecological Economics, 69(1), 145–154.
Frankel, J., & Romer, D. (1999). Does trade cause growth? The American Economic Review, 89(3), 379–399.
Frankel, J., & Rose, A. (2002). An estimate of the effect of common currencies on trade and income. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(2), 437–466.
Gokmenoglu, K., Ozatac, N., & Eren, B. M. (2015). Relationship between industrial production, financial development and carbon emissions: the Case of Turkey. Procedia Economics and Finance, 25, 463e470.
Grossman, G. M. & Krueger, A. B. (1991). Environmental impacts of a North America free trade agreement. National Bureau of Economic Research Paper No. 3914. https://doi.org/10.3386/w3914 .
Halicioglu, F. (2009). An econometric study of CO2, emissions, energy consumption, income and foreign trade in Turkey. Energy Policy, 37(3), 1156–1164.
Hamilton, B. Nerneth, D. G. & Kuriansky, J. (2015). Ecopsychology [2 volumes]: Advances from the intersection of psychology and environment protection (Practical and Applied Psychology). Volume 1, Science and Theory.
Hamit-Haggar, M. (2012). Greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and economic growth: A panel cointegration analysis from Canadian industrial sector perspective. Energy Economics, 34(1), 358–364.
Holdren, J. P. (1991). Population and the energy problem. Population and Environment, 12(3), 231–255.
Hossain, M. S. (2011). Panel estimation for CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, trade openness and urbanization of newly industrialized countries. Energy Policy, 39(11), 6991e6999.
IFC. (2011). International Finance Corporation (IFC) annual report 2011: Highlights from the IFC annual report 2011. Retrieved July 22, 2016 from https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/822281468162849713/Highlights-from-the-annual-report-2011 .
Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Economics, 115(1), 53–74.
IPCC. (2007). Climate change 2007—mitigation of climate change. Contribution of working group III to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Retrieved September 2018, from https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/ar4_wg2_full_report.pdf .
Iwata, H., Okada, K., & Samreth, S. (2010). Empirical study on the environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 in France: the role of nuclear energy. Energy Policy, 38(8), 4057e4063.
Jalil, A., & Feridun, M. (2011). The impact of growth, energy and financial development on the environment in China: A cointegration analysis. Energy Economics, 33(2), 284–291.
Jalil, A., Feridun, M., & Ma, Y. (2010). Finance–growth nexus in China revisited: new evidence from principal components and ARDL bounds tests. International Review of Economics and Finance, 19, 189–195.
Jayanthakumaran, K., Verma, R., & Liu, Y. (2012). CO2, emissions, energy consumption, trade and income: A comparative analysis of China and India. Energy Policy, 42(1), 450–460.
Jensen, V. (1996). The pollution haven hypothesis and the industrial flight hypothesis: some perspectives on theory and empirics. Working Paper 1996.5, Centre for Development and the Environment, University of Oslo.
Jin, J., Kiridaran, K., & Gerald, J. L. (2016). Discretion in bank loan loss allowance, risk taking and earnings management. Accounting and Finance, 58(1), 171–193.
Jos, G. J., Olivier (PBL), Greet Janssens-Maenhout (EC-JRC), Marilena Muntean (EC-JRC), Jeroen A.H.W. Peters (PBL). (2016). Trends in global CO2 emissions, 2016 Report. PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. The Hague, 2016PBL publication number: 2315. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate Energy, Transport and Climate JRC Science for Policy Report: 103428.
Jung, S., An, K. J., Dodbiba, G., & Fujita, T. (2012). Regional energy-related carbon emission characteristics and potential mitigation in eco-industrial parks in South Korea: Logarithmic mean Divisia index analysis based on the Kaya identity. Energy, 46(1), 231–241.
Kamal, S. (2013). The Renewable Revolution: How we can fight climate change, prevent energy wars, revitalize the economy and transition to a sustainable future. London: Routledge.
Kao, C., & Chiang, M. H. (2000). On the estimation and inference of a cointegrated regression in panel data. Advance Economics, 15(1), 109–141.
Kebede, Ellene, Kagochi, John, & Jolly, Curtis M. (2010). Energy consumption and economic development in Sub-Sahara Africa. Energy Economics, 32(3), 532–537.
Kilic, C., Bayar, Y., & Arica, F. (2014). Effects of currency unions on foreign direct investment inflows: the European economic and monetary union case. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 4(1), 8.
Kivyiro, P., & Arminen, H. (2014). Carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, and foreign direct investment: Causality analysis for Sub-Saharan Africa. Energy, 74, 595606.
Kurukulasuriya, P., Mendelsohn, R., & Hassan, R. (2006). Will African agriculture survive climate change? The WB Economic Reviews, 20(3), 367–388.
Lean, H. H., & Smyth, R. (2010). CO2 emissions, electricity consumption and output in ASEAN. Applied Energy, 87(6), 1858–1864.
Letters, E. (2001). Testing normality in econometric models. Environmental Science and Technology, 35(13), 2690–2697.
Levin, A., Lin, C. F., & Chu, C. S. J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite sample properties. Journal of Economics, 108(1), 1–24.
Liu, X. (2005). Explaining the relationship between CO2 emissions and national income—the role of energy consumption. Economics Letters, 87, 325–328.
Ma, Y., & Jalil, A. (2008). Financial development, economic growth and adaptive efficiency: a comparison between China and Pakistan. China and World Economy, 16(6), 97–111.
Madlener, R., & Sunak, Y. (2011). Impacts of urbanization on urban structures and energy demand: what can we learn for urban energy planning and urbanization management? Sustainable Cities and Society, 1(1), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2010.08.006 .
Madsen, J. B., Saxena, S., & Ang, J. B. (2010). The Indian growth miracle and endogenous growth. Journal of Development Economics, 93, 37–48.
Maranga, E., Mugabe, P. H., & Bagine, R. K. (2010). Concepts, theories and principles of natural resources management. In W. D. Ochola, P. C. Sanginga, & I. Bekalo (Eds.), Managing Natural Resources for Development in Africa: A Resource Book. Ottawa: IDRC.
Marsiglio, S., Ansuategi, A., & Gallastegui, M. C. (2015). The environmental Kuznets curve and the structural change hypothesis. Environmental and Resource Economics, 63(2), 265–288.
Martinez-Zarzoso, I., & Maroutti, A. (2011). The impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions: evidence from developing countries. Ecological Economics, 70(7), 1344–1353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.02.009 .
Menyah, K., & Wolderufael, Y. (2010). CO2 emissions, nuclear energy, renewable energy and economic growth in the US. Energy Policy, 38(6), 2911–2915.
Metcalf, G. E. (2009). Market-based policy options to control US greenhouse gas emissions. The Journal of Economics Perspective, 23(2), 5–27.
Miller, G., & Spoolman, S. (2011). Living in the environment: principles, connections, and solutions. Scarborough: Nelson Education.
Mudakkar, S. R., Zaman, K., Khan, M. M., & Ahmad, M. (2013). Energy for economic growth, industrialization, environment and natural resources: living with just enough. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 580–595.
Muhammad, S., Solarin, A., & Ozturk, I. (2016). Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis and the role of globalization in selected African countries (pp. 1–31). Germany: University Library of Munich.
Narayan, P. K., & Narayan, S. (2010). Carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth: Panel data evidence from developing countries. Energy Policy, 38(1), 661–666.
Nasir, M., & Rehman, F. U. (2011). Environmental Kuznets curve for carbon emissions in Pakistan: an empirical investigation. Energy Policy, 39(3), 1857e1864.
O’Mahony, T. (2013). Decomposition of Ireland’s carbon emissions from 1990 to 2010: An extended Kaya identity. Energy Policy, 59, 573e581.
Omri, A. (2013). CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth nexus in MENA countries: evidence from simultaneous equations models. Energy Econ., 40, 657e664.
Omri, A., Daly, S., Rault, C., & Chaibi, A. (2015). Financial development, environmental quality, trade and economic growth: what causes what in MENA countries. Energy Economics, 48, 242e252.
Ortega, F., & Peri, G. (2014). The aggregate effects of trade and migration: Evidence from OECD countries (pp. 19–51). Berlin: Springer.
Ozcan, B. (2013). The nexus between carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Middle East countries: A panel data analysis. Energy Policy, 62, 1138–1147.
Ozturk, I., & Acaravci, A. (2013). The long-run and causal analysis of energy, growth, openness and financial development on carbon emissions in Turkey. Energy Economics, 36(s1–2), 262–267.
Paramati, S. R., Alam, M. S., & Chen, C. F. (2016). The effects of tourism on economic growth and CO2 emissions: a comparison between developed and developing economies. Journal of Travel Research, 56(6), 712–724.
Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61, 653–670.
Pedroni, P. (2001). Purchasing power parity tests in co-integrated panels. Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(4), 727–731.
Pedroni, P. (2004a). Panel cointegration: asymptotic and finite sample properties of pooled time series tests with an application to the PPP hypothesis. Econometric Theory, 20(03), 597–625.
Pedroni, P. (2004b). Panel cointegration: asymptotic and finite sample properties of pooled time series tests with an application to the ppp hypothesis. Econometric Theory, 20(3), 597–625.
Perron, P. (1987). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers, 75(2), 335–346.
Pesaran MH (2004a) General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. CESifo Working Papers No.1233
Pesaran, M. H. (2004b). General diagnostic tests for cross-section dependence in panels. Cambridge: University of Cambridge.
Poumanyvong, P., & Kaneko, S. (2010). Does urbanization lead to less energy use and lower CO2 emissions? A cross-country analysis. Ecological Economics, 70(2), 434–444.
Richard, P. (2010). Financial instability and CO2 emissions. GREDI Working Paper No. 10–20, University of Sherbrooke 2010.
Riti, J. S., Deyong, S., Shu, Y., & Kamah, M. (2017a). Decoupling CO2 emission and economic growth in China: is there consistency in estimation results in analyzing environmental Kuznets curve? Journal of Cleaner Production, 166(1448–1461), 1063.
Riti, J. S., Deyong, S., Shu, Y., Kamah, M., & Atabani, A. A. (2018). Does renewable energy ensure environmental quality in favour of economic growth? Empirical evidence from China’s renewable development. Quality and Quantity, 5, 2007–2030. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0577-5 .
Riti, J. S., & Shu, Y. (2016). Renewable energy, energy efficiency and eco-friendly environment (R–E5) in Nigeria. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 6(1), 1–16.
Riti, J. S., Shu, Y., Song, D., & Kamah, M. (2017b). The contribution of energy use and financial development by indicators in the climate change mitigation process: A global empirical perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 148C, 882–894.
Saboori, B., & Sulaiman, J. (2013). CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries: a cointegration approach. Energy, 55, 813e822.
Sadorsky, P. (2009). Renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions and oil prices in the G7 countries. Energy Economics, 31(3), 456–462.
Sadorsky, P. (2010). The impact of financial development on energy consumption in emerging economies. Energy Policy, 38(5), 2528–2535.
Sadorsky, P. (2012). Correlations and volatility spillovers between oil prices and the stock prices of clean energy and technology companies. Energy Economics, 34(1), 248–255.
Sadorsky, P. (2014). The effect of urbanization on CO2 emissions in emerging economies. Energy Economics, 41, 147–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2013.11.007 .
Salahuddin, M., & Gow, J. (2014). Economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Energy, 73, 44–58.
Salahuddin, M., Gow, J., & Ozturk, I. (2015). Is the long-run relationship between economic growth, electricity consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and financial development in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries robust? Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, 317e326.
Salim, R. A. & Rafiq, S. (2012). Why do some emerging economies proacively accelerate the adoption of renewable energy. Energy Economics, 34(4), 1051–1057.
Sbia, R., Shahbaz, M., & Hamdi, H. (2014). A contribution of foreign direct investment, clean energy, trade openness, carbon emissions and economic growth to energy demand in UAE. Economic Modelling, 36, 191–197.
Sebri, M., & Ben-Salha, O. (2014). On the causal dynamics between economic growth, renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions and trade openness: fresh evidence from BRICS countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 39, 14–23.
Sehrawat, M., Giri, A. K., & Nohapatra, G. (2015). The impact of financial development, economic growth and energy consumption on environmental degradation: evidence from India. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 26(5), 666e682.
Seker, F., Ertugrul, H. M., & Cetin, M. (2015). The impact of foreign direct investment on environmental quality: a bounds testing and causality analysis for Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 347e356.
Shafiei, S., & Salim, R. A. (2014). Non-renewable and renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions in OECD countries: a comparative analysis. Energy Policy, 66, 547–556.
Shahbaz, M. (2013). Does financial instability increase environmental degradation? Fresh evidence from Pakistan. Economic Modelling, 33, 537–544.
Shahbaz, M., Dube, S., & Ozturk, I. (2015). Testing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Portugal. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 5(2), 475–481.
Shahbaz, M., Dube, S., Ozturk, I., & Jalil, A. (2013). Economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, international trade and CO2 emissions in Indonesia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 109e121.
Steinberger, J. K., & Krausmann, F. (2011). Material and energy productivity. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(4), 1169–1176.
Sulaiman, J., Azman, A., & Saboori, B. (2013). The potential of renewable energy: using the environmental Kuznets curve model. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 9(2), 103.
Tahir, M., Haji, D. K., Hajah, N., Binti, P. G., & Ali, O. (2014). Trade openness and economic growth: a review of the literature. Asian Social Science, 10(9), 137.
Tamazian, A., Chousaa, J. P., & Vadlamannatia, K. C. (2009). Does higher economic and financial development lead to environmental degradation: evidence from BRIC countries. Energy Policy, 37(1), 246–253.
Tamazian, A., & Rao, B. B. (2010). Do economic, financial and institutional developments matter for environmental degradation? Evidence from transitional economies. Energy Economics, 32(1), 137–145.
Tang, C. F., & Tan, B. W. (2015). The impact of energy consumption, income and foreign direct investment on carbon dioxide emissions in Vietnam. Energy, 79, 447e454.
Tietenberg, T. H., & Lewis, L. (2016). Environmental and natural resource economics. London: Routledge.
UNFCCC. (2015). Adoption of the Paris agreement. Retrieved July 21, 2018 from https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/208/cop21/eng/109.pdf .
Wang, S., Fang, C., Guan, X., Pang, B., & Ma, H. (2014). Urbanization, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions in China: A panel data analysis of China’s provinces. Applied Energy, 136, 738–749.
Wang, J., Mendelsohn, R., Dinar, A., Huang, J., Rozelle, S., & Zhang, L. (2009). The impact of climate change on China’s agriculture. Agricultural Economics, 40(3), 323–337.
Wang, T., Riti, J. S., & Shu, Y. (2018). Decoupling emissions of greenhouse gases, urbanization, energy and income: analysis from the economy of China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2088-x .
World Bank (2016) World development indicator. Retrieved June 14, from http://data.worldbank.org/ .
Xiangzhao, F., & Ji, Z. (2008). Economic analysis of CO2 emission trends in China. China Population, Resources and Environment, 18(3), 43–47.
Xue, B., Geng, Y., Müller, K., Lu, C., & Ren, W. (2014). Understanding the causality between carbon dioxide emission, fossil energy consumption and economic growth in developed countries: An empirical study. Sustainability, 6(2), 1037–1045.
York, R., Rosa, E. A., & Dietz, T. (2003). STIRPAT, IPAT and ImPACT: analytic tools for unpacking the driving forces of environmental impacts. Ecological Economics, 46(3), 351–365.
Zhang, Y. J. (2011). The impact of financial development on Carbon emission: An empirical analysis in China. Energy Policy, 39, 2197–2203.
Zhu, H. M., You, W. H., & Zeng, Z. F. (2012). Urbanization and CO2 emissions: a semi-parametric panel data analysis. Economic Letters, 117(3), 848–850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2012.09.001 .