The role of anaerobic bacteria in tonsillitis

Itzhak Brook1
1Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 4431 Albemarlr St. NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Brook, 1981, Bacteriology of acute periapical abscess in children, J. Endodont., 7, 378, 10.1016/S0099-2399(81)80060-X Brook, 1981, Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of peritonsillar abscess in children, Acta. Pediatr. Scand., 70, 831, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1981.tb06235.x Brook, 1987, Microbiology of retropharyngeal abscesses in children, Am. J. Dis. Child., 141, 202 Brook, 1980, Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of cervical adenitis in children, Clin. Pediatr., 19, 693, 10.1177/000992288001901010 Brook, 1979, Bacteriology of chronic otitis media, JAMA, 241, 487, 10.1001/jama.1979.03290310027008 Brook, 1981, Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of chronic mastoiditis in children, Am. J. Dis. Child., 135, 478 Brook, 1981, Aerobic and anaerobic flora recovered from tonsils of children with recurrent tonsillitis, Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol., 90, 261, 10.1177/000348948109000313 Reilly, 1981, Possible role of the anaerobe in tonsillitis, J. Clin. Pathol., 34, 542, 10.1136/jcp.34.5.542 Tunér, 1983, Beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms in recurrent tonsillitis, Scand. J. Infec. Dis., 39, 83 Chagollan, 1984, Flora indigena de las amigdalas, Invest. Med. Int., 11, 343 Brook, 1995, Changes in the core tonsillitis bacteriology of recurrent tonsillitis, Clin. Infect. Dis., 21, 171, 10.1093/clinids/21.1.171 Brook, 1988, Comparison of the microbiology of Group A streptococcal and non-Group A streptococcal tonsillitis, Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol., 97, 243, 10.1177/000348948809700306 Brook, 1984, The role of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in the persistence of streptococcal tonsillar infection, Rev. Infect. Dis., 6, 601, 10.1093/clinids/6.5.601 Brook, 1984, Bacteriology of chronic tonsillitis in young adults, Arch. Otolaryngol., 110, 803, 10.1001/archotol.1984.00800380033009 Stammers, 1944, Vincent's infection: observation and conclusions regarding the aetiology and treatment of 1017 civilian cases, Br. Dent. J., 76, 147 Brook, 1983, Bacteroides melaninogenicus: its recovery from tonsils of children with acute tonsillitis, Arch. Otolaryngol., 109, 818, 10.1001/archotol.1983.00800260040010 Davidson, 1982, Treatment of infectious mononucleosis with metronidazole in the pediatric age group, Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 14, 103, 10.3109/inf.1982.14.issue-2.05 Helstrom, 1978, Treatment of anginose mononucleosis with metronidazole, Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 10, 7, 10.3109/inf.1978.10.issue-1.02 McDonald, 1985, A controlled trial of erythromycin in adults with non streptococcal pharyngitis, J. Infect. Dis., 152, 1093, 10.1093/infdis/152.5.1093 Merenstein, 1974, Streptococcal pharyngitis: early treatment and management by nurse practitioners, JAMA, 227, 1278, 10.1001/jama.1974.03230240036021 Putto, 1987, Febrile exudative tonsillitis: viral or streptococcal, Pediatrics, 80, 6, 10.1542/peds.80.1.6 Brook, 1989, Medical treatment of non-streptococcal recurrent tonsillitis, Am. J. Otolaryngol., 10, 227, 10.1016/0196-0709(89)90001-X Brook, 1993, Immune response to Prevotella intermedia in patients with recurrent non-streptococcal tonsillitis, Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol., 102, 113, 10.1177/000348949310200207 Brook, 1995, Immune response to Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia in patients with peritonsillar cellulitis and abscess, Clin. infect. Dis., 20, S220, 10.1093/clinids/20.Supplement_2.S220 Brook, 1996, immune response to Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia in patients with infectious mononucleosis, J. Med. Microbiol., 44, 131, 10.1099/00222615-44-2-131 I. Brook, P.A. Foote, J. Slots, Immune response to Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and other anaerobes in children with acute tonsillitis. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 39 (1997) 1990 763–769. Wannamaker, 1980, Bacterial interference and competition, Scand. J. Infect. Dis. Suppl., 24, 82 Brook, 1999, Interference by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in children with recurrent group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillitis, Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 125, 225, 10.1001/archotol.125.5.552 Finegold, 1977 Brook, 1987, Microbiology of abscesses of the head and neck in children, Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol., 96, 429, 10.1177/000348948709600416 Jokipii, 1988, Semiquantitative culture results and pathogenic significance of obligate anaerobes in peritonsillar abscesses, J. Clin. Microbiol., 26, 957, 10.1128/JCM.26.5.957-961.1988 Floodstrom, 1976, Microbiological aspects of peritonsillar abscesses, Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 8, 157, 10.3109/inf.1976.8.issue-3.06 Dodds, 1988, Peritonsillar neck abscesses in the pediatric age group, Laryngoscope, 98, 956, 10.1288/00005537-198809000-00009 A. Hansen, Nogle undersøgelser over gram-negative aerobe ikke-spore-dannende bacterier isolerede fra peritonsillere abscesser hos mennesker, Copenhagen, Ejnar Munksgaard, 1950. Hallander, 1975, Influence of the collection and transport of specimens on the recovery of bacteria from peritonsillar abscesses, J. Clin. Microbiol., 2, 504, 10.1128/jcm.2.6.504-509.1975 Sprinkel, 1974, Abscesses of the head and neck, Laryngoscope, 84, 1143 Lodenkämper, 1955, Importance and therapy of anaerobic infections, Antibiot. Med., 1, 653 Baba, 1971, Anaerobic bacteria isolated from otolaryngologic infections, Jpn. J. Clin. Pathol., 19, 35 Ophir, 1988, Peritonsillar abscess. A prospective evaluation of outpatient management by needle aspiration, Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 114, 661, 10.1001/archotol.1988.01860180075034 Brook, 1991, Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of peritonsillar abscess, Laryngoscope, 101, 289 Jousimies-Somer, 1993, Bacteriologic findings in peritonsillar abscesses in young adults, Clin. Infect. Dis., Suppl. 4, S292, 10.1093/clinids/16.Supplement_4.S292 Mitchelmore, 1995, Microbiological features and pathogenesis of peritonsillar abscesses, Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 14, 870, 10.1007/BF01691493 Brook, 1990, Microbiology of “normal” tonsils, Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol., 99, 980, 10.1177/000348949009901209 Rosen, 1977, Surface tonsillar microflora versus deep tonsillar microflora in recurrent tonsillitis, J. Laryngol. Otol., 91, 911, 10.1017/S0022215100084553 Veltri, 1972, Ecological alternatives of oral microflora subsequent to tonsilectomy and adenoidectomy, J. Laryngol. Otol., 86, 893, 10.1017/S0022215100076052 Brook, 1980, Surface vs core-tonsillar aerobic and anaerobic flora in recurrent tonsillitis, JAMA, 244, 1696, 10.1001/jama.1980.03310150032024 Mitchelmore, 1994, Tonsil surface and core cultures in recurrent tonsillitis: prevalence of anaerobes and beta-lactamase producing organisms, Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 13, 542, 10.1007/BF01971304 Kielmovitech, 1989, Microbiology of obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis, Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 115, 721, 10.1001/archotol.1989.01860300075021 Brook, 1986, Comparison of the microbiology of recurrent tonsillitis between children and adults, Laryngoscope, 93, 1385, 10.1288/00005537-198612000-00013 Kuhn, 1995, Quantitative bacteriology of tonsils removed from children with tonsillitis hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis with and without hypertrophy, Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol., 104, 646, 10.1177/000348949510400810 Sclafani, 1998, Treatment of symptomatic chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy with amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium:short- and long-term results, Pediatrics, 101, 675, 10.1542/peds.101.4.675 Bartlett, 1976, Anaerobic infection of the head and nose, Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am., 9, 655, 10.1016/S0030-6665(20)32670-0 Pransky, 1991, Actinomycosis in abstructive tonsillar hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis, Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 117, 883, 10.1001/archotol.1991.01870200077012 Brook, 1986, Recovery of encapsulated anaerobic bacteria from orofacial abscesses, J. Med. Microb., 22, 171, 10.1099/00222615-22-2-171 Brook, 1996, Enhancement of growth of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci in mixed infections with aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 1, 179, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.1996.tb00550.x Brook, 1994, Microbiology of tonsillar surfaces in infectious mononucleosis, Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med., 148, 171, 10.1001/archpedi.1994.02170020057009 Brook, 2005, Treatment of non-streptococcus tonsillitis with metronidazole, Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol, 69, 65, 10.1016/j.ijporl.2004.08.003