The role of β-amyloid peptide in alzheimer's disease
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abe K., St. George-Hyslop, P., Tanzi, R. and Kogure, K. (1991a). Induction of amyloid precursor protein mRNA after heat shock in cultured human lymphoblastoid cells.Neurosci. Lett. 125: 169–171
Abe K., Tanzi, R. and Kogure, K. (1991b). Selective induction of Kunitz-type protease inhibitor domain-containing amyloid precursor protein mRNA after persistent focal ischemia in rat cerebral cortex.Neurosci. Lett. 125: 172–174.
Adroer R., Lopez-Acedo, C., Oliva, R., Hardy, J. and Fidani, L. (1993). A novel silent variant at codon 711 and a variant at codon 708 of the APP sequence detected in Spanish Alzheimer and control cases.Neurosci. Lett. 150: 33–34.
Anderson J., Refolo, L., Wallace, W., Mehta, P., Krishnamurthi, M., Gotlib,et al. (1989) Differential brain expression of the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein.EMBO J. 8: 3627–3632.
Anderson J.P., Chen, Y., Kim, K.S. and Robakis, N.K. (1992). An alternative secretase cleavage produces soluble Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein containing a potentially amyloid precursor protein containing a potentially amyloidogenic sequence.J. Neurochem. 59: 2328–2331.
Bahmanyar S., Higgins, G., Goldgaber, D., Lewis, D., Morrison,et al. (1987). Localization of amyloid β-protein messenger RNA in brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease.Science 237: 77–81.
Bakker E., Van Broeckhoven, C., Haan, J., Haan, E., Haan, V., Hul, V., Levy, E., Lieberburg,et al. (1991). DNA diagnosis for Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with amyloidosis (Dutch Type).Am. J. Gen. 49: 518–521.
Balbin M., Abrahamson, M., Gustafson, L., Nilsson, K., Brun, A. and Grubb, A. (1992). A novel mutation in the β-protein coding region of the amyloid β-protein precursor (APP) gene.Hum. Gen. 89: 580–582.
Barrow C. and Zagorski, M. (1991). Solution structures of β-peptide and its constituent fragments: Relation to amyloid deposition.Science 253: 179–182.
Bendotti C., Forloni, G., Morgan, R., O'Hara, B., Oster-Granite, M., Reeves,et al. (1988) Neuroanatomical localization and quantitation of amyloid precursor protein mRNA by in situ hybridization in the brains of normal, aneuploid, and lesioned mice.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 3628–3632.
Benowitz L., Rodriguez, W., Paskevich, P., Mufson, E., Schenk, D. and Neve, R. (1989). The amyloid precursor protein is concentrated in neuronal lysosomes in normal and Alzheimer disease subjects.Exp. Neurol. 106: 237–250.
Bhasin R., Van Nostrand, W., Saitoh, T., Donats, M., barnes, E., Quitschke, W. and Goldgaber, D. (1991). Expression of active secreted forms of human amyloid β-protein precursor by recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cell.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 10307–10311.
Boyles J., Zoellner, C., Anderson, L., Kosik, L., Pitas, R., Weisgraber, K., Hui,et al. (1989). A role for apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein A-1, and low density lipoprotein receptors in cholesterol transport during regeneration and remyelination of the rat sciatic nerve.J. Clin. Invest. 83: 1015–1031.
Breen K.C., Bruce, M. and Anderton, B.H. (1991). Beta-Amyloid Precursor Protein Mediates Neuronal Cell-Cell and Cell-Surface Adhesion.J. Neurosci Res 28: 90–100.
Breen K. (1992). APP-collagen interaction is mediated by a heparin bridge mechanism.Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. 16: 109–121.
Burdick D., Soreghan, B., Kwon, M., Kosmoski, J., Knauer, M., Henschen,et al. (1992). Assembly and aggregation properties of synthetic Alzheimer's A4/β-amyloid peptide analogs.J. Biol. Chem. 267: 546–554.
Buscoglio J., Gabuzda, D., Matsudaira, P. and Yankner, B. (1993). Generation of β-amyloid in the secretory pathway in neuronal and nonneuronal cells.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 2092–2096.
Buxbaum J., Gandy, S., Cicchetti, P., Ehrlich, M., Czernik, A., Fracasso, R.et al. (1990). Processing of Alzheimerβ-/A4 amyloid precursor protein: Modulation by agents that regulate protein phosphorylation.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87: 6003–6006.
Buxbaum J.D., Oishi, M., Chen, H.I., Pinkas-Kramarski, R., Jaffe, E.A., Gandy, S.et al. (1992). Cholinergic agonists and interleukin 1 regulate processing and secretion of the Alzheimer β-/A4 amyloid protein precursor.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 10075–1007.
Cai X., Golde, T. and Younkin, S. (1993a). Release of excess amyloid β-protein from a mutant amyloid β-protein precursor.Science 259:514–516.
Cai X.-D., Cheung, T. and Younkin, S. (1993b). Comparison of the Aβ-released from normal amyloid β-protein precursor (β-APP) and from mutant β-APP linked to familial Alzheimer's disease.Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 19: 430.
Caporaso G., Gandy, S., Buxbaum, J., Ramabhadran, T. and Greengard, P. (1992). Protein phosphorylation regulates secretion of Alzheimer β-/A4 amyloid precursor protein.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 3055–3059.
Chen W.-J., Goldstein, J. and Brown, M. (1990). NPXY, a sequence often found in cytoplasmic tails, is required for coated pit-mediated internalization of the low density lipoprotein receptor.J. Biol. Chem. 265: 3116–3123.
Chen M. and Yankner, B.A. (1991). An antibody to β-amyloid and the amyloid precursor protein inhibits cell-substratum adhesion in many mammalian cell types.Neurosci. Lett. 125: 223–226.
Chen S.G., Gambetti, P., Xue, R. and LeBlanc, A.C. (1993). Targeting of the amyloid protein precursor to the endoplasmic reticulum: study of APP metabolism.Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 19: 396
Chong J., Miller, B. and Ghanbari, H. (1990). Detection of amyloid beta protein precursor immunoreactivity in normal and Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid.Life Sci. 47: 1163–1171.
Citron M., Oltersdorf, T., Haass, C., McConlogue, L., Hung, A., Seubert, P.,et al. (1992). Mutation of the β-amyloid precursor protein in familial Alzheimer's disease increases β-amyloid protein production.Nature 360:672–679.
Cohen M., Golde, T., Usiak, M., Younkin, L. and Younkin, S. (1988). In situ hybridization of the nucleus basalis neurons shows increased β-amyloid mRNA in Alzheimer disease.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 1227–1231.
Cole G., Huynh, T. and Saitoh, T. (1989). Evidence for lysosomal processing of amyloid β-protein precursor in cultured cells.Neurochem. Res. 14: 933–939.
Cole G.M., Galasko, D., Shapiro, P. and Saitoh, T. (1990). Stimulated platelets release amyloid β-protein precursor.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 170: 288–295.
Cole G., Bell, L., Truong, Q. and Saitoh, T. (1992). An endosomal-lysosomal pathway for degradation of amyloid precursor protein.Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 674: 103–117.
Coon H., Hoff, M., Holik, J., Delisi, L.E., Crowe, T., Freedman, R.et al (1993). C to T nucleotide substitution in codon 713 of amyloid precursor protein gene not found in 86 unrelated schizophrenics from multiplex families.Am. J. Med. Genet. 48: 36–39.
Corder E.H., Saunders, A.M., Strittmatter, W.J., Schmechel, D.E., Gaskell, P.C., Small, G.W.et al. 1993. Gene dosage of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late onset families.Science 261: 921–923.
Coyle J.T. and Puttfarcken, P. (1993). Oxidative stress, glutamate, and neurodegenerative disorders.Science 262: 689–695.
Cras P., Kawai, M., Siedlak, S., Mulvihil, P., Gambetti, P., Lowery, D.et al. (1990). Neuronal and microglial involvement in β-amyloid protein deposition in Alzheimer's disease.Am. J. Pathol. 137: 241–246.
Cras P., Kawai, M., Lowery, D., Gonzalez-DeWhitt, P., Greenberg, B. and Perry, G. (1991). Senile plaque neurites in Alzheimer disease accumulate amyloid precursor protein.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 7552–7556.
De Strooper B., Van Leuven, F. and Van Den Berghe, H. (1992). Alpha 2-macroglobulin and other proteinase inhibitors do not interfere with the secretion of amyloid precursor protein in mouse neuroblastoma cells.Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1129: 141–143.
De Strooper B., Umans, L., Van Leuvan, F. and Van Den Berghe, H. (1993). Study of the synthesis and secretion of normal and artificial mutants of murine amyloid precursor protein (APP): Cleavage of APP occurs in a late compartment of the default secretion pathway.J. Cell Biol. 121: 295–304.
deSauvage F. and Octave, J.-N. (1989). A novel mRNA of the A4 amyloid precursor gene coding for a possibly secreted protein.Science 245: 651–653.
Diedrich, J. F., Minnigan, H., Carp, R. I., Whitaker, J.N., Race, R., Frey, W., and Haase, A. T. (1991). Neuropathological changes in scrapie and Alzheimer's disease are associated with increased expression of apolipoprotein E and cathepsin D in astrocytes.J. Virol. 65: 4759–4768.
Dyrk T., Weidemann, A., Multhaup, G., Salbaum, J., Lemaire, H.G., Kang, J.et al. (1988). Identification, transmembrane orientation and biogenesis of the amyloid A4 precursor of Alzheimer's disease.EMBO J. 7: 949–957.
Esch F., Keim, P., Beatties, E., Blacher, R., Culwell, A., Oltersdorf, T.et al. (1990). Cleavage of the amyloid β-peptide during constitutive processing of its precursor.Science 248: 1122–1124
Estus S., Golde, T., Kunishita, T., Blades, D., Lowery, D., Eisen, M.et al. (1992). Potentially amyloidogenic, carboxy-terminal derivatives of the amyloid protein precursor.Science 255: 726–728
Fisher S., Gearhart, J.D. and Ostergranite, M.L. (1991). Expression of the amyloid precursor protein gene in mouse oocytes and embryos.Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88 1779–1782.
Forloni G., Demicheli, F., Giogi, S., Bendotti, C. and Angeretti, A. (1992). Expression of amyloid precursor protein mRNAs in endothelial, neuronal and glial cells: modulation by interleukin-1.Mol. Brain Res. 16: 128–134.
Forloni G., Chiesa, R., Smiroldo, S., Verga, L., Salmona, M., Tagliavini, F.et al. (1993) Apoptosis mediated neurotoxicity induced by chronic application of β-amyloid fragment 25–35.Neurorep 4: 523–526.
Frautschy S.A., Baird, A. and Cole, G.M. (1991). Effects of injected Alzheimer β-amyloid cores in rat brain.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 8362–8366.
Fukuchi K.-i., Kamino, K., Deeb, S., Smith, A., Dang, T. and Martin, G. (1992). Overexpression of amyloid precursor protein alters its normal processing and is associated with neurotoxicity.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 182: 165–173.
Gandy S., Bhasin, R., Ramabhadran, T., Koo, E., Price, D., Goldgaber, D. and Greengard, P. (1992). Alzheimer β-A4-amyloid precursor protein: Evidence for putative amyloidogenic fragment.J. Neurochem. 58: 383–386.
Ghiso J., Tostagno, A., Gardella, J.E., Liem, L., Gorevic, P.D. and Frangione, B. (1992). A 109-amino acid C-terminal fragment of Alzheimer's-disease amyloid precursor protein contains a sequence, RHDS-, that promotes cell adhesion.Biochem. J. 288: 1053–1059.
Gillespie S.L., Golde, T.E. and Younkin, S.G. (1992). Secretory processing of the Alzheimer amyloid β-A4 protein precursor is increased by protein phosphorylation.Biochem. Biophys. Res.Comm. 187: 1285–1290.
Glenner G. and Wong, C. (1984). Alzheimer's disease: Initial report of the purification and characterization of a novel cerebrovascular amyloid protein.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 120: 885–890.
Goate A., Chartier-Harlin, M., Mullan, M., Brown, J., Crawford, F., Fidani, L.et al. (1991). Segregation of a missense mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene with familial Alzheimer's disease.Nature 349: 704–706.
Goedert M. (1987). Neuronal localization of amyloid beta protein precursor mRNA in normal human brain and in Alzheimer's disease.EMBO J. 6: 3627–3632.
Golde T., Estus, S., Usiak, M., Younkin, L. and Younkin, S. (1990). Expression of β-amyloid protein precursor mRNAs: Recognition of a novel alternatively spliced form and quantitation in Alzheimer's disease using PCR.Neuron 4: 253–267.
Golde T., Estus, S., Younkin, L., Selkoe, D. and Younkin, S. (1992). Processing of the amyloid protein precursor to potentially amyloidogenic derivatives.Science 255: 728–730.
Goldgaber D., Lerman, M., McBride, O., Saffiotti, U. and Gajdusek, D. (1987). Characterization and chromosomal localization of a cDNA encoding brain amyloid of Alzheimer's disease.Science 235: 887–880.
Goldgaber D., Harris, H., HLA, T., Magiag, T., Donnelly, R., Jacobsen, J., Vitek, M. and Gadjusek, C. (1989). Interleukin 1 regulates synthesis of amyloid β-protein precursor mRNA in human endothelial cells.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 7606–7610.
Griffin W.S., Stanley, L.C., Ling, C., White, L., MacLeod, V., Perrot, L.J., White, C.L. and Araoz, C. (1989). Brain interleukin 1 and S-100 immunoreactivity are elevated in Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 7611–7615.
Haass C., Hung, A. and Selkoe, D. (1991). Processing of β-amyloid precursor protein in microglia and astrocytes favors an internal localization over constitutive secretion.J. Neurosci. 1991: 3783–3793.
Haass C., Schlossmacher, M., Hung, A., Vigo-Pelfrey, C., Mellon, A., Ostaszewski, B.et al. (1992a). Amyloid β-peptide is produced by cultured cells during normal metabolism.Nature 359: 322–325.
Haass C., Koo, E., Mellon, A., Hung, A. and Selkoe, D. (1992b). Targeting of cell-surface β-amyloid precursor protein to lysosomes: alternative processing into amyloid-bearing fragments.Nature 357: 500–503.
Haass C., Hung, A., Schlossmacher, M., Teplow, D. and Selkoe, D. (1993). β-amyloid peptide and a 3-kDa fragment are derived by distinct cellular mechanisms.J. Biol. Chem. 268: 3021–3024.
Harter C. and Mellman, I. (1992). Transport of the lysosomal membrane glycoprotein Igp120 (Igp-A) to lysosomes does not require appearance on the plasma membrane.J. Cell. Biol. 117: 311–325.
Hendricks L., Van Duijn, C.M., Cras, P., Cruts, M., Van Hul, W., Van Harskamp, F.et al. (1992). Presenile dementia and cerebral haemorrhage linked to a mutation at codon 692 of the β-amyloid precursor protein gene.Nature Gen. 1: 218–221.
Igarashi K., Murai, H. and Asaka, J.-I. (1992). Proteolytic processing of amyloid β-protein precursor (APP) by thrombin.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 185: 1000–1004.
Itagaki S., McGeer, P., Akiyama, H., Zhu, S. and Selkoe, D. (1989). Relationship of microglia and astrocytes to amyloid deposits of Alzheimer disease.J. Neuroimmunol. 24: 173–182.
Izumi R., Yamada, T., Yoshikai, S., Sasaki, H., Hattori, M. and Sasaki, Y. (1992). Positive and negative regulatory elements for the expression of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor-encoding gene in mouse.Gene 112: 189–195.
Jarrett J., Berger, E. and Lansbury, P. (1993). The carboxy terminus of the β-amyloid protein is critical for the seeding of amyloid formation: implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheiemr's disease.Biochem. 32: 4693–4697.
Joachim C., Morris, J. and Selkoe, D. (1988). Clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: autopsy results in 150 cases.Ann. Neurol. 24: 50–56.
Johnson S., McNeill, T., Cordell, B. and Finch, C. (1990). Relation of neuronal APP-751/APP-695 mRNA ratio and neuritic plaque density in Alzheimer's disease.Science 248: 854–857.
Jones C.T., Morris, S., Yates, C.M., Moffoot, A., Sharpe, C., Brock, D.J.H. and St. Clair, D. (1992). Mutation in codon 713 of the β-amyloid precursor protein gene presenting with schizophrenia.Nature Gen. 1: 306–309.
Jones C.T., Morris, S., Moffoot, A., St. Clair, D. and Brock, D.J.H. (1993). Screening Alzheimer's disease patients for mutations in the amyloid precursor protein gene.Molecular and cellular probes 7: 161–165.
Kalaria R., Bhatti, S., Palatinsky, E., Pennington, D., Shelton, E., Chan, H.et al. (1993). Accumulation of the β-amyloid precursor protein at sites of ishemic injury in rat brain.Neurorep. 4: 211–214.
Kang J., Lemaire, H., Unterbeck, A., Salbaum, J., Masters, C., Grzeschik, K.et al. (1987). The precursor of Alzheimer's disease amyloid protein resembles a cell-surface receptor.Nature 325: 733–736.
Kang J. and Müller-Hill, B. (1990). Differential splicing of Alzheimer's disease amyloid A4 precursor RNA in rat tissue: PreA4695 mRNA is predominantly produced in rat and human brain.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 166: 1192–1200.
Kawarabayashi T., Shoji, M., Harigaya, Y., Yamaguchi, H. and Hirai, S. (1991). Expression of APP in the early stage of brain damage.Brain Res. 563: 334–338.
Kennedy A.M., Newman, S., McCaddon, A., Ba II, J., Roques, P., Mullan, M., Hartdy, J.et al. (1993). Familial Alzheimer's Disease.Brain 116: 309–324.
Kitaguchi N., Takahashi, Y., Tokushima, Y., Shiojiri, S. and Ito, H. (1988). Novel precursor of Alzheimer's Disease amyloid protein shows protease inhibitory activity.Nature 331: 530–532.
Kitaguchi, N., Tokushima, Y., Oishi, K., Takahashi, Y., Shiojiri, S., Nakamura, S.,et al. (1990). Determination of amyloid β-protein precursors harboring active form of proteinase inhibitor domains in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients by trypsin-antibody sandwich elisa.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 166: 1453–1459.
Klier F., Cole, G., Stalleup, W. and Schubert, D. (1990). Amyloid β-protein precursor is associated with extracellular matrix.Brain Res. 515: 336–342.
Knops J., Lieberburg, I. and Sinha, S. (1992). Evidence for a nonsecretory, acidic degradation pathway for amyloid precursor protein in 293 cells.J. Biol. Chem. 267: 16022–16024.
Konig G., Masters, C. and Beyreuther, K. (1990). Retinoic acid induced differentiated neuroblastoma cells show increased expression of the β-A4 amyloid gene of Alzheimer's disease and an altered splicing pattern.FEBS Lett. 269: 305–310.
Konig G., Salbaum, J.M., Wiestler, O., Lang, W., Schmitt, H.P., Masters, C.L. and Beyreuther, K. (1991). Alternative splicing of the beta a4 amyloid gene of Alzheimer's Disease in cortex of control and Alzheimer's Disease patients.Mol. Brain Res. 9: 259–262.
Konig G., Monning, U., Czech, C., Prior, R., Banati, R., Schreiter-Gasser, U.et al. (1992). Identification and differential expression od a novel alternative splice isoform of the β-A4 amyloid precursor protein (APP) mRNA in leukocytes and brain microglia cells.J. Biol. Chem. 267: 10804–10809.
Koo E., Sisodia, S., Archer, D., Martin, L., Weidemann, A., Beyreuther, K.et al. (1990). Precursor of amyloid protein in Alzheimer disease undergoes fast anterograde axonal transport.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 1561–1565.
LaFauci G., Lahiri, D., Salton, S. and Robakis, N. (1989). Characterization of the 5'end region and the first two exons of the β-protein precursor gene.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 159: 297–304.
Lahiri D.K. and Robakis, N.K. (1991). The promoter activity of the gene encoding Alzheimer beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) is regulated by two blocks of upstream sequences.Mol. Brain Res 9: 253–257.
LeBlanc A., Foldvari, M., Spencer, D., Breckenridge, W., Fenwick, R., Williams, D.et al. (1989). The apolipoprotein A-1 gene is actively expressed in the rapidly myelinating avian peripheral nerve.J. Cell Biol. 109: 1245–1256.
LeBlanc A. and Poduslo, J. (1990). Regulation of apolipoprotein E gene expression after injury of the rat sciatic nerve.J. Neurosci. Res. 25: 162–171.
LeBlanc A., Chen, H., Autilio-Gambetti, L. and Gambetti, P. (1991). Differential APP gene expression in neonatal rat cerebral cortex, meninges and primary astroglial, neuronal and microglial cells.Febs Lett 292: 171–178.
LeBlanc A., Xue, R. and Gambetti, P. (1992a). Translation and processing of amyloid precursor protein are different in rat cortical neurons, astrocytes and microglial cells.Soc. Neurosci. Abst. 18: 149.
LeBlanc A., Kovacs, D., Chen, H., Villare, F., Tykocinski, M., Autilio-Gambetti, L. and Gambetti, P. (1992b). Role of amyloid precursor protein (APP): Study with antisense transfection of human.J. Neurosci. Res. 31: 635–645.
Lemaire H., Salbaum, J., Multhaup, G., Kang, J., Bayney, R., Unterbeck, A.et al. (1989). The PreA4695 precursor protein of Alzheimer's disease A4 amyloid is encoded by 16 exons.Nucl. Ac. Res. 1989: 517–522.
Levy F., Carman, M., Fernandez-Madrid, I., Power, M., Lieberburg, I., Van Duinen, S.et al. (1990). Mutation of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid gene in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage, Dutch Type.Science 248: 1124–1126.
Loo D., Copani, A., Pike, C.J., Whittemore, E., Walencewicz, A.J. and Cotman, C.W. (1993). Apoptosis is induced by β-amyloid in cultured central nervous system neurons.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 7951–7955.
Mahley R. (1988). Apolipoprotein E: Cholesterol transport protein with expanding role in cell biology.Science 240: 622–630.
Malhotra S.K., Shnita, T.K. and Elbrink, J. (1990). Reactive astrocytes — a review.Cytobios 61: 133–160.
Mandybur T. and Chuirazzi, C. (1990). Astrocytes and the plaques of Alzheimer's disease.Neurol. 40: 635–639.
Maruyama K., Kametani, F., Usami, M., Yamao-Harigaya, W. and Tanaka, K. (1991). "Secretase," Alzheimer amyloid protein precursor secreting enzyme is not sequence-specific.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 179: 1670–1676.
Masters C., Multhaup, G., Simms, G., Pottgiesser, J., Martins, R. and Beyreuther, K. (1985a). Neuronal origin of a cerebral amyloid: Neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease contain the same protein as the amyloid of plaque cores and blood vessels.EMBO J. 4: 2757–2763.
Masters C., Simms, G., Weinman, N., Multhaup, G., McDonald, B. and Beyreuther, K. (1985b). Amyloid plaque core protein in Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 4245–4249.
Mattson M.P., Cheng, B., Davis, D., Bryant, K., Lieberburg, I. and Rydel, R.E. (1992). β-amyloid peptides destabilize calcium homeostasis and render human cortical neurons vulnerable to excitotoxicity.J. Neurosci. 12: 376–389.
Mattson M. and Rydel, R. (1992). β-amyloid precursor protein and Alzheimer's disease: the peptide plot thickens.Neurobiol. Aging 13: 617–621.
Mattson M., Cheng, B., Culwell, A., Esch, F., Lieberburg, I. and Rydel, R. (1993). Evidence for excitoprotective and intraneuronal calcium-regulating roles for secreted forms of the β-amyloid precursor protein.Neuron 10: 243–254.
Milici A., Salbaum, J. and Beyreuther, K. (1990). Study of the Alzheimer's A4 precursor gene promoter region by genomic sequencing using Taq polymerase.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 169: 46–50.
Milward E., Papadopoulos, R., Fuller, S., Moir, R., Small, D., Beyreuther, K. and Masters, C. (1992). The amyloid protein precursor of Alzheimer's disease is a mediator of the effects of nerve growth factor on neurite outgrowth.Neuron 9: 129–137
Mita S., Schon, E. and Herbert, J. (1989). Widespread expression of amyloid beta-protein precursor gene in rat brainAm. J. Pathol. 134: 1253–1261.
Miyazaki K., Hasegawa, M., Funahashi, K. and Umeda, M. (1993). A metalloproteinase inhibitor domain in Alzheimer amyloid protein precursor.Nature 362: 839–841.
Mori H., Takio, K., Ogawara, M. and Selkoe, D. (1992). Mass spectrometry of purified amyloid β-protein in Alzheimer's disease.J. Biol. Chem. 267: 17082–17086.
Mullan N., Crawford, F., Axelman, K., Houlden, H., Lilius, L., Winblad, B.et al. (1992). A pathogenic mutation for the probable Alzheimer's disease in the APP gene at the N-terminus of β-amyloid peptide.Nature Gen. 1: 345–347.
Murrell J., Farlow, M., Ghetti, B. and Benson, M.D. (1991). A mutation in the amyoid precursor protein associated with hereditary Alzheimer's disease.Science 254: 97–99.
Nechiporuk A., Fain, P., Kort, E., Nee, L.E., Frommelt, E., Polinsky, R.J.et al. (1993). Linkage of Familial Alzheimer Disease to chromosome 14 in two large early-onset pedigrees: Effects of marker allele frequencies on Lod scores.Am. J. Med. Gen. 48: 63–66.
Neruse S., Igarashi, S., Kobayashi, H., Aoki, K., Inuzuka, T., Kanako, K.et al. (1991). Mis-sense mutation Val--Ile in exon 17 of amyloid precursor protein gene in Japanese familial Alzheimer's disease.Lancet 337: 978–979.
Neve R., Finch, E. and Dawes, L. (1988). Expression of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor gene transcripts in the human brain.Neuron 1: 669–677.
Neve R., Rogers, J. and Higgins, G. (1990). The Alzheimer amyloid precursor-related transcript lacking the β-A4 sequence is specifically increased in Alzheimer's disease brain.Neuron 5: 329–338.
Neve R., Kammesheidt, A. and Hohmann, C. (1992). Brain transplants of cells expressing the carboxylterminal fragment of the Alzheimer amyloid protein precursor cause specific neuropathology in vivo.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 3448–3452.
Ninomiya H., Roch, J., Sundsmo, M., Otero, D. and Saitoh, T. (1993). Amino acid sequence RERMS represents the active domain of amyloid β-A4 protein precursor that promotes fibroblast growth.J. Cell Biol. 121: 879–886.
Nishimoto I., Okamoto, T., Matsuura, Y., Takahashi, S., Okamoto, T., Murayama, Y. and Ogata, E. (1993). Alzheimer amyloid protein precursor complexes with brain GTP-binding protein G0.Nature 362: 75–79.
Nitsch R., Slack, B., Wurtman, R. and Growdon, J. (1992). Release of Alzheimer amyloid precursor derivatives stimulated by activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.Science 258: 304–307.
Nordstedt C., Gandy, S., Alafuzoff, I., Caporaso, G., Iverfeldt, K., Grebb, J., Winblad, B. and Greengard, P. (1991). Alzheimer β-A4 amyloid precursor protein in human brain: Aging associated increases in holoprotein and in a proteolytic fragment.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 8910–8914.
Octave J., deSauvage, F. and Maloteaux, J. (1989). Modification of neuronal cell adhesion affects the genetic expression of the A4 amyloid peptide precursor.Brain Res. 486: 369–371.
Ohyagi Y., Takahashi, K., Kamegai, M. and Tabira, T. (1990). Developmental and differential expression of beta amyloid protein precursor mRNAs in mouse brain.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 167: 54–60.
Oltersdorf T., Ward, P., Henriksson, T., Beattie, E., Neve, R., Lieberburg, I. and Fritz, L. (1990). The Alzheimer's precursor protein: Identification of a stable intermediate in the biosynthetic/ degradative pathway.J. Biol. Chem. 265: 4492–4497.
Oosawa T., Shoji, M., Harigaya, Y., Cheung, T., Shaffer, L., Younkin, L., Younkin, S. and Hirai, S. (1993). The amyloid β-protein in cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer's disease patients.Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 19: 1038.
Otsuka N., Tomonaga, M. and Ikeda, K. (1991). Rapid appearance of β-amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity in damaged axons and reactive glial cells in rat brain following needle stab injury.Brain Res. 568: 335–338.
Palmert M., Golde, T., Cohen, M., Kovacs, D., Tanzi, R., Gusella, J.et al. (1988). Amyloid protein precursor messenger RNAs: Differential expression in Alzheimer's disease.Science 241: 1080–1084.
Palmert M., Podlinsny, M., Witker, D., Oltersdorf, T., Younkin, L., Selkoe, D.et al. (1989a). The β-amyloid protein precursor of Alzheimer disease has soluble derivatives found in human brain and cerebrospinal fluid.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 6338–6342.
Palmert M., Siedlak, S., Podlinsny, M., Greenberg, B., Shelton, E., Chan, H.et al. (1989b) Soluble derivatives of the β-amyloid protein precursor of Alzheimer's disease are labeled by antisera to the β-amyloid protein.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 165: 182–188.
Palmert M., Usiak, M., Mayeux, R., Raskind, M., Tourtellotte, W. and Younkin, S. (1990). Soluble derivatives of the β-amyloid protein precursor in cerebrospinal fluid: Alterations in normal aging and in Alzheimer's disease.Neurol. 40: 1028–1034.
Pasternack J.M., Palmert, M.R., Usiak, M., Wang, R., Zurcher-Neely, H., Gonzalez-DeWhitt, P.et al. (1992). Alzheimer's disease and control brain contain soluble derivatives of the amyloid protein precursor that end within the β-amyloid protein region.Biochem. 31: 10936–10940.
Patterson D., Gardiner, K., Kao, F.-T., Tanzi, R., Watkins, P. and Gusella, J. (1988). Mapping of the gene encoding the β-amyloid precursor protein and its relationship to the Down syndrome region of chromosome 21.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 8266–8270.
Pericakvance M.A., Bebout, J.L., Gaskell, P.C., Yamaoka, L.H., Hung, W.Y., Alberts, M.J.et al. (1991). Linkage Studies in Familial Alzheimer Disease - Evidence for Chromosome-19 Linkage.Am J Hum Genet 48: 1034–1050.
Pike C.J., Burdick, D., Walencewicz, A.J., Glabe, C.G. and Cotman, C.W. (1993). Neurodegeneration induced by β-amyloid peptides in vitro: The role of peptide assembly state.J. Neurosci. 13: 1676–1687.
Podlisny M.B., Mammen, A.L., Schlossmacher, M.G., Palmert, M.R., Younkin, S.G. and Selkoe, D.J. (1990). Detection of soluble forms of the β-amyloid precursor protein in human plasma.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 167: 1094–1101.
Podlisny M.B., Stephenson, D.T., Frosch, M.P., Tolan, D.R., Lieberburg, I., Clemens, J.A. and Selkoe, D.J. (1993). Microinjection of synthetic amyloid β-protein in monkey cerebral cortex fails to produce acute neurotoxicity.Am. J. Pathol. 142: 17–24.
Poirier J., Davignon, J., Bouthillier, D., Kogan, S., Bertrand, P. and Gauthier, S. (1993). Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease.Lancet 342: 697–699.
Pollwein P., Masters, C. and Beyreuther, K. (1991). The expression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is regulated by the two GC-elements in the promoter.Nucl. Ac. Res. 20: 63–68
Ponte P., DeWhitt-Gonzalez, P., Schilling, J., Miller, J., Hsu, D., Greenberg, B.et al. (1988). A new A4 amyloid mRNA contains a domain homologous to serine proteinase inhibitors.Nature 331: 525–527.
Prelli F., Levy, E., Van Duinen, S., Bots, G., Luyendijk, W. and Frangione, B. (1990). Expression of a normal and variant Alzheiemr's β-protein gene in amyloid of Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage, Dutch Type; DNA and protein diagnostic assays.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 170: 301–307.
Prior R., Monning, U., Schreitergasser, U., Weidemann, A., Blennow, K., Gottfries, C.G.et al. (1991). Quantitative Changes in the Amyloid beta-A4 Precursor Protein in Alzheimer Cerebrospinal Fluid.Neurosci. Lett. 124: 69–73.
Quitschke W. and Goldgaber, D. (1992). The amyloid β-protein precursor protein promoter: A region essential for transcriptional activity contains a nuclear factor binding domain.J. Biol. Chem. 267: 17362–17368.
Quon, D., Wang, Y., Catalano, R., Scardina, J., Murakami, K. and Cordell, B. (1991). Formation of β-amyloid protein deposits in brains of transgenic mice.Nature 352: 239–241
Ramabhadran T.V., Gandy, S.E., Ghiso, J., Czernik, A.J., Ferris, D., Bhasin, R.et al. (1993). Proteolytic processing of human amyloid β-protein precursor in insect cells.J. Biol. Chem. 268: 2009–2012.
Ramakrishna N., Saikumar, P., Potempska, A., Wisniewski, H.M. and Miller, D.L. (1991). Expression of human Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein in insect cells.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 174: 983–9.
Refolo L., Salton, S., Anderson, J., Mehta, P. and Robakis, N. (1989). Nerve and epidermal growth factors induce the release of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor from PC12 cell cultures.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 164: 664–670.
Robakis N., Ramakrishna, N., Wolfe, G. and Wisniewski, H. (1987). Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding the cerebrovascular and the neuritic plaque amyloid peptides.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 4190–4194.
Roch J., Shapiro, P., Sundsmo, M., Otero, D., Refolo, L., Robakis, N. and Saitoh, T. (1992). Bacterial expression, purification γ, and functional mapping of the amyloid β-A4 protein precursor.J. Cell Biol. 267: 2214–2221.
Rogers J., Cooper, N., Webster, S., Schultz, J., McGeer, P., Styren, S.et al. (1992). Complement activation by β-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 10016–10020.
Roher A., Lowenson, J., Clarke, S., Woods, S., Cotter, R., Gowing, E. and Ball, M. (1993). β-amyloid-(1–42) is a major component of cerebrovascular amyloid deposits: Implications for the pathology of Alzheimer's disease.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. US 90: 10836–10840.
Saitoh T., Sundsamo, M., Roch, J., Kimura, N., Cole, G., Schubert, D.et al. (1989). Secreted form of amyloid β-protein precursor is involved in the growth regulation of fibroblast.Cell 58: 615–622.
Salbaum J., Weidemann, A., Lemaire, H., Masters, C. and Beyreuther, K. (1988). The promoter of Alzheimer's disease amyloid A4 precursor geneEMBO J. 7: 2207–2813.
Sambamurti K., Shioi, J., Anderson, M.A., Pappolla, M.A. and Robakis, N.K. (1992). Evidence for intracellular cleavage of the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor in PC12 cells.J. Neurosci. Res. 33 319–329.
Schellenberg G.D., Anderson, L., O'dahl, S., Wisjsman, R.M., Sadovnik, A.D., Ball, M.J.et al. (1991). APP717, APP693, and PRIP gene mutations are rare in Alzheimer disease.Am. Hum. Gen. 49: 511–517.
Schellenberg G.D., Bird, T.D., Wisjsman, R.M., Orr, H.T., Anderson, L., Nemens, E.et al. (1992). Genetic linkage evidence for a Familial Alzheimer's Disease locus on chromosome 14.Science 258: 668–671.
Schubert D., LaCorbiere, M., Saitoh, T. and Cole, G. (1989a). Characterization of an amyloid β-precursor protein that binds heparin and contains tyrosine sulfate.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA86: 2066–2069.
Schubert D., Jin, L.-W., Saitoh, T. and Cole, G. (1989b). The regulation of amyloid β-protein precursor secretion and its modulatory role in cell adhesion.Neuron 3: 689–694.
Schubert D., Cole, G., Saitoh, T. and Oltersdorf, T. (1989c). Amyloid beta protein precursor is a mitogen.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 162: 83–88.
Scott J., Parhad, I. and Clark, A. (1991). β-amyloid precursor protein is differentially expressed in axotomized sensory and motor systems.Mol. Brain 10: 315–325.
Seubert P., Vigo-Pelfrey, C., Esch, F., Lee, M., Dovey, H., Davis, D.et al. (1992). Isolation and quantification of soluble Alzheimer's β-peptide from biological fluids.Nature 359: 325–327.
Seubert P., Oltersdorf, T., Lee, M., Barbour, R., Blomquist, C., Davis, D.et al. (1993). Secretion of β-amyloid precursor protein cleaved at the amino terminus of the β-amyloid peptide.Nature 361: 260–263.
Sherman C. and Higgins, G. (1992). Regulated splicing of the amyloid precursor protein gene during postnatal development of the rat basal forebrain.Dev. Brain Res. 66: 63–69.
Shigematsu K., McGeer, P., Walker, D., Ishii, T. and McGeer, E. (1992). Reactive microglia/ macrophages phagocytose amyloid precursor protein produced by neurons following neural damage.J. Neurosci. Res. 31: 443–453.
Shigematsu K. and McGeer, P. (1992). Accumulation of amyloid precursor protein in damaged neuronal processes and microglia following intracerebral administration of aluminium salts.Brain Res. 593: 117–123.
Shivers B., Hilbich, C., Multhaup, G., Salbaum, M., Beyreuther, K. and Seeburg, P. (1988). Alzheimer's disease amyloidogenic glycoprotein: expression pattern in rat brain suggests a role in cell-cell contact.EMBO J. 7: 1365–1370.
Shoji M., Golde, T., Ghiso, J., Cheung, T., Estus, S., Shaffer, L.et al. (1992). Production of the Alzheimer amyloid β-protein by normal proteolytic processing.Science 258: 126–129.
Siman R., Card, P., Nelson, R. and Davis, L. (1989). Expression of β-amyloid precursor protein in reactive astrocytes following neuronal damage.Neuron 3: 275–285.
Siman R., Card, P. and Davis, L. (1990). Proteolytic processing of β-amyloid precursor by calpain I.J Neurosci 10: 2400–2411.
Sisodia S., Koo, E., Beyreuther, K., Unterbeck, A. and Price, D. (1990). Evidence that β-amyloid protein in Alzheimer's disease is not derived by normal processing.Science 248: 492–495.
Sisodia S.S. (1992). β-amyloid precursor protein cleavage by a membrane-bound protease.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 6075–6079.
Skene P. and Shooter, E. (1983). Denervated sheath cells secrete a new protein after nerve injuryProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 4169–4173.
Smith C., Wion, D. and Brachet, P. (1991). Nerve growth factor-induced neuronal differentiation is asccompanied by differential splicing of β-amyloid precursor mRNAs in the PC12 cell line.Mol. Brain Res. 10: 351–354.
Smith R.P. and Broze, G.J. (1992). Characterization of platelet-releasable forms of β-amyloid precursor proteins: The effect thrombin.Blood 80: 2252–2260.
Smith C.J., Johnson, E.M., Osborn, P., Freeman, R.S., Neveu, I. and Brachet, P. (1993). NGF deprivation and neuronal degeneration trigger altered β-amyloid precursor protein expression in the rat superior cervical ganglia in vivo and in vitro.Mol. Brain Res. 17: 328–334.
St George Hyslop P.H., Haines, J., Farrer, L., Polinsky, R., Van Broeckhoven, C., Goateet al (1990). Genetic linkage studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease is not a single homogeneous disorder.Nature 347: 194–197.
Stephenson D., Rash, K. and Clemens, J. (1992). Amyloid precursor protein accumulates in regions of neurodegeneration following focal cerebral ischemia in the rat.Brain Res. 593: 128–135.
Strittmatter W.J., Saunders, A.M., Schmechel, D., Pericak-Vance, M., Enghild, J., Salvesen, G.S. and Roses, A.D. (1993). Apolipoprotein E: High-avidity binding to β-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial Alzheimer disease.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 1977–1981.
Tagawa K., Kunishita, T., Maruyama, K., Yoshikawa, K., Kominami, E., Tsuchiya, T.et al. (1991). Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid beta-Clipping Enzyme (APP Secretase) — Identification, Purification, and Characterization of the Enzyme.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 177: 377–387.
Tagliavini F., Ghiso, J., Timmers, W., Giaccone, G., Bugiani, O. and Frangione, B. (1990). Coexistence of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein and amyloid protein in cerebral vessel walls.Lab. Investigation 62: 761–767.
Takashima A., Noguchi, K., Sato, K., Hoshino, T. and Imahori, K. (1993). Tau protein kinase I is essential for amyloid β-protein-induced neurotoxicity.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 7789–7793.
Tamaoka A., Kalaria, R., Lieberburg, I. and Selkoe, D. (1992). Identification of a stable fragment of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor containing the β-protein in brain microvesselsProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 1345–1349.
Tanaka S., Shiojiri, S., Takahashi, Y., Kitaguchi, N., Ito, H., Kameyama, M.et al. (1989). Tissue-specific expression of three types of β-protein precursor mRNA: Enhancement of protease inhibitor-harboring types in Alzheimer's disease brain.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 165: 1406–1414.
Tanzi R., Gusella, J., Watkins, P., Bruns, G., St.-George-Hyslop, P., Van Keuren, M.et al. (1987a). Amyloid β-protein gene: cDNA, mRNA distribution, and genetic linkage near the Alzheimer locus.Science 235: 880–884.
Tanzi R., St George-Hyslop, P., Haines, J., Polinsky, R., Nee, et al. (1987b). The genetic defect in Alzheimer's disease is not tightly linked to the amyloid β-protein gene.Nature 329: 156–157.
Tanzi R., McClatchey, A., Lamperti, E., Villa-Komaroff, L., Gusella, J. and RL, N. (1988). Protease inhibitor domain encoded by an amyloid protein precursor mRNA associated with Alzheimer's disease.Nature 331: 528–530.
Tanzi R., Vaula, G., Romano, D.M., Mortilla, M., Huang, T.L., Tupler, R.G., Wasco,et al. (1992). Assessment of amyloid β-protein precursor gene mutations in a large set of familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease cases.Am. J. Hum. Gen. 51: 273–282.
Urakami K., Takahashi, K., Saito, H., Okada, A., Nakamura, S., Tanaka, S.et al. (1992). Amyloid β-protein precursors with kunitz-type inhibitor domains and acetyl-cholinesterase in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type.Acta Neurol. Scan. 85: 343–346.
Van Broeckhoven C., Haan, J., Bakker, E., Hardy, J., Van Hul, W., Wehnert, A.et al. (1990). Amyloid β-protein precursor gene and hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (Dutch).Science 248: 1120–1124.
Van Leuven F., Cassiman, J.-J. and Van Der Berghe, H. (1980). Primary amines inhibit recycling of alpha2M receptors in fibroblasts.Cell 20: 37–43.
Van Nostrand W., Schmaier, A., Farrow, J., Cines, D. and Cunningham, D. (1991). Protease nexin-2/amyloid β-protein precursor in blood is a platelet-specific protein.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 175: 15–21.
Van Nostrand W., Wagner, S., Shankle, R., Farrow, J., Dick, M., Rozemuller, J.et al. (1992). Decreased levels of soluble amyloid β-protein precursor in cerebrospinal fluid of live Alzheimer disease patients.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 2551–2555.
Vaula G., Mortilla, M., Tupler, R., Lukiw, W., Tanzi, R., Polinsky, R.et al. (1992). A novel but non-pathogenic mutation in exon 4 of the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene.Neurosci. Lett. 144: 46–48.
Wallace W.C., Ahlers, S.T., Gotlib, J., Bragin, V., Sugar, J., Gluck, R.et al. (1993). Amyloid precursor protein in the cerebral cortex is rapidly and persistently induced by loss of subcortical innervation.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 8712–8716.
Wang R., Meschia, J., Cotter, R. and Sisodia, S. (1991). Secretion of the β-A4 amyloid precursor protein: Identification of a cleavage site in cultured mammalian cells.J. Biol. Chem. 266: 16960–16964.
Weidemann A., Konig, G., Bunke, D., Fischer, P., Salbaum, J., Masters, C.et al. (1989). Identification, biogenesis, and localization of precursors of Alzheimer's disease A4 amyloid protein.Cell 57: 115–126.
Whitson J., Selkoe, D. and Cotman, C. (1989). Amyloid β-protein enhances the survival of hippocampal neurons in vitro.Science 243: 1488–1490.
Willoughby D., Johnston, S., Pasinetti, G., Tocco, G., Najm, I., Baudry, M.et al. (1992). Amyloid precursor protein mRNA encoding the Kunitz protease inhibitor domain is increased by kainic acid-induced seizures in rat hippocampus.Exp. Neurol. 118: 332–339.
Wisniewski K., Wisniewski, H. and Wen, G. (1985). Occurence of neuropathological changes and dementia of Alzheimer's disease in Down's syndrome.Ann. Neurol. 17: 278.
Wisniewski H., Wegiel, J., Wang, M., Kujawa, M. and Lach, B. (1989). Ultrastructural studies of the cells forming amyloid fibers in classical plaques.Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 16: 535–542.
Wisniewski T., Golabek, A., Matsubara, E., Ghiso, J. and Frangione, B. (1993). Apolipo protein E: Binding to soluble Alzheimer's β-amyloid.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 192: 359–365.
Wong C., Quaranta, V. and Glenner, G. (1985). Neuritic plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid in Alzheimer disease are antigenetically related.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 8729–8732.
Yamada T., Sasaki, H., Dohura, K., Goto, I. and Sakaki, Y. (1989). Structure and expression of the alternatively-spliced forms of mRNA for the mouse homolog of Alzheimer's disease amyloid beta protein precursor.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 158: 906–912.
Yang F., Jansen, L., Friedrichs, W.E., Buchanan, J.M. and Bowman, B.H. (1993). Il-1ß-decreases expression of amyloid precursor protein gene in human glioma cells.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 191: 1014–1019.
Yankner B.A., Dawes, L.R., Fisher, S., Villa-Komaroff, L., Oster-Granite, M. and Neve, R.L. (1989). Neurotoxicity of a fragment of the amyloid precursor protein associated with Alzheimer's disease.Science 245: 417–420.
Yankner B.A., Duffy, L.K. and Kirschner, D.A. (1990). Neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of amyloid β-protein: reversal by tachykinin neuropeptides.Science 250: 279–286.
Yoshikai S., Sasaki, H., Doh-ura, K., Furuya, H. and Sakaki, Y. (1990). Genomic organization of the human amyloid beta-protein precursor gene.Gene 87: 257–263.
Yoshikawa K., Aizawa, T. and Maruyama, K. (1990). Neural differentiation increases expression of Alzheimer amyloid protein precursor gene in murine embryonal carcinoma cells.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 171: 204–209.
Yoshikawa K., Aizawa, T. and Hayashi, Y. (1992). Degeneration in vitro of post-mitotic neurons overexpressing the Alzheimer amyloid protein precursor.Nature 359: 64–67.