The rise of harmful cyanobacteria blooms: The potential roles of eutrophication and climate change

Harmful Algae - Tập 14 - Trang 313-334 - 2012
Judy O’Neil1, T. W. Davis2, Michele A. Burford2, Christopher J. Gobler3
1University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Horn Point Laboratory, Cambridge, MD, 21613, USA
2Griffith University, Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
3Stony Brook University School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook NY USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Agawin, 1998, Growth and abundance of Synechococcus sp. in a Mediterranean Bay: seasonality and relationship with temperature, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 170, 45, 10.3354/meps170045

Agawin, 2000, Nutrient and temperature control of the contribution of picoplankton to phytoplankton biomass and production, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 591, 10.4319/lo.2000.45.3.0591

Ahern, 2006, Effects of iron additions on filament growth and productivity of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula, Mar. Freshw. Res., 57, 177, 10.1071/MF05115

Ahern, 2006, Investigating the potential for groundwater from different vegetation, soil and landuses to stimulate blooms of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula in coastal waters, Mar. Freshw. Res., 57, 167, 10.1071/MF05022

Ahern, 2007, Nutrient additions generate prolific growth of Lyngbya majuscula (cyanobacteria) in field and bioassay experiments, Harmful Algae, 6, 134, 10.1016/j.hal.2006.08.004

Ahern, 2008, In situ field experiment shows Lyngbya majuscula (cyanobacterium) growth stimulated by added iron, phosphorus and nitrogen, Harmful Algae, 7, 389, 10.1016/j.hal.2007.08.006

Ahmed, 1985, Physiology of some Nile algae. 1. Effect of increased NaCl concentration in the medium, Acta Hydrobiol., 27, 25

Albert, 2005, Blooms of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula in coastal Queensland, Australia: disparate sites, common factors, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 51, 428, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.10.016

Al-Tebrineh, 2010, Detection of saxitoxin-producing cyanobacteria and Anabaena circinalis in environmental water blooms by quantitative PCR, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 76, 7836, 10.1128/AEM.00174-10

Anagnostidis, 1985, Modern approach to the classification system of cyanophytes 1—introduction, Arch. Hydrobiol./Algol. Stud., 38–39, 291

Anagnostidis, 1988, Modern approach to the classification system of cyanophytes 3—Oscillatoriales, Arch. Hydrobiol./Algol. Stud., 50–53, 327

Anagnostidis, 1990, Modern approach to the classification system of Cyanophytes 5—Stigonematales, Arch. Hydrobiol./Algol. Stud., 59, 1

Anderson, 1989, Toxic algal bloom and red tides: a global perspective, 11

Anderson, 2002, Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: nutrient sources, composition and consequences, Estuaries, 4B, 704, 10.1007/BF02804901

Antenucci, 2005, The impact of artificial destratification on phytoplankton species composition in a sub-tropical reservoir, Freshw. Biol., 50, 1081, 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01374.x

Arthur, 2006, A review of the potential role of tumour promoting compounds produced by Lyngbya majuscula in marine turtle fibropapillomatosis, Afr. J. Mar. Sci., 28, 441, 10.2989/18142320609504194

Arthur, 2008, The exposure of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) to tumour promoting compounds produced by the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula and their potential role in the aetiology of fibropapillomatosis, Harmful Algae, 7, 114, 10.1016/j.hal.2007.06.001

Badger, 2002, Evolution and diversity of CO2 concentrating mechanisms in cyanobacteria, Funct. Plant Biol., 29, 161, 10.1071/PP01213

Badger, 2003, CO2 concentrating mechanisms in cyanobacteria: molecular components, their diversity and evolution, J. Exp. Bot., 54, 609, 10.1093/jxb/erg076

Badger, 2006, The environmental plasticity and ecological genomics of the cyanobacterial CO2 concentrating mechanism, J. Exp. Bot., 57, 249, 10.1093/jxb/eri286

Banner, 1959, A dermatitis-producing algae in Hawaii, Hawaii Med. J., 19, 35

Barcelos e Ramos, 2007, Effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide on the marine nitrogen fixer Trichodesmium, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 21, 2028, 10.1029/2006GB002898

Barker, 1999, A molecular and phenotypic analysis of Nodularia (cyanobacteria) from the Baltic Sea, J. Phycol., 35, 931, 10.1046/j.1529-8817.1999.3550931.x

Beardall, 2002, Ecological implications of microalgal and cyanobacterial CCMs and their regulation, Funct. Plant Biol., 29, 335, 10.1071/PP01195

Bell, 2005, Laboratory culture studies of Trichodesmium isolated from the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon, Australia, Hydrobiologia, 532, 9, 10.1007/s10750-004-8768-1

Berman, 1999, Algal growth on organic compounds as nitrogen sources, J. Plankton Res., 21, 1423, 10.1093/plankt/21.8.1423

Bertram, 1993, Total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen trends in the central basin of Lake Erie, 1970–1991, J. Great Lakes Res., 19, 224, 10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71213-7

Bianchi, 2000, Cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea: natural or human induced?, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 716, 10.4319/lo.2000.45.3.0716

Blomqvist, 1994, Detrital bedrock elements as tracers of settling resuspended particulate matter in a coastal area of the Baltic Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 39, 880, 10.4319/lo.1994.39.4.0880

Boesch, D.F., Armstrong, N.E., D’Elia, C.F., Maynard, N.G., Paerl, H.W., Williams, S.L., 1993. Deterioration of the Florida Bay ecosystem: an evaluation of the scientific evidence. Report to the Interagency Working Group on Florida Bay, Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Washington, DC.

Bolch, 1999, Genetic, morphological and toxicological variation among globally distributed strains of Nodularia (Cyanobacteria), J. Phycol., 35, 339, 10.1046/j.1529-8817.1999.3520339.x

Bordalo, 2005, Spatial variability of phytoplankton, bacteria and viruses in the mesotidal salt wedge Douro Estuary (Portugal), Estuar. Coast Shelf. Sci., 63, 143, 10.1016/j.ecss.2004.11.003

Bouvy, 2000, Occurrence of Cylindrospermopsis (Cyanobacteria) in 39 Brazilian tropical reservoirs during the 1998 drought, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 23, 13, 10.3354/ame023013

Bouvy, 2006, Phytoplankton community structure and species assemblage succession in a shallow tropical lake (Lake Guiers, Senegal), Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 45, 147, 10.3354/ame045147

Boyer, 2006, The role of dissolved organic matter bioavailability in promoting phytoplankton blooms in Florida Bay, Hydrobiology, 569, 71, 10.1007/s10750-006-0123-2

Branco, 1996, Relations among heterotrophic bacteria, chlorophyll-a, total phytoplankton, total zooplankton and physical and chemical features in the Paranoa reservoir, Brasilia, Brazil, Hydrobiologia, 337, 171, 10.1007/BF00028518

Brand, 2009, Human exposure to cyanobacteria and BMAA, Amyotroph. Lateral Scler., 124

Breitbarth, 2007, Physiological constraints on the global distribution of Trichodesmium—effect of temperature on diazotrophy, Biogeosciences, 4, 53, 10.5194/bg-4-53-2007

Briand, 2004, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (cyanobacteria) invasion at mid-latitudes: selection, wide physiological tolerance, or global warming, J. Phycol., 40, 231, 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2004.03118.x

Brookes, 1999, The influence of light and nutrient on buoyancy, filament aggregation and flotation of Anabaena circinalis, J. Plankton Res., 21, 327, 10.1093/plankt/21.2.327

Burford, 2006, A comparison of phytoplankton community assemblages in artificial and naturally mixed subtropical water reservoirs, Freshw. Biol., 51, 973, 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01536.x

Burford, 2006, The role of nitrogen in promoting Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in a subtropical water reservoir, Freshw. Biol., 51, 2143, 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01630.x

Burford, 2007, The relative importance of watershed and reservoir characteristics in promoting algal blooms in subtropical reservoirs, Water Res., 41, 4204, 10.1016/j.watres.2007.05.053

Burkhardt, 1999, Effect of CO2 concentration on C:N:P ratio in marine phytoplankton: a species comparison, Limnol. Oceanogr., 44, 683, 10.4319/lo.1999.44.3.0683

Burkholder, 1998, Implications of harmful microalgae and heterotrophic dinoflagellates in management of sustainable marine fisheries, Ecol. Appl., 8, S37, 10.1890/1051-0761(1998)8[S37:IOHMAH]2.0.CO;2

Burns, 2008, Toxic cyanobacteria in Florida waters, vol. XXIV, 127

Butler, 1994, Sponge mass mortality and Hurricane Andrew: catastrophe for juvenile spiny lobsters in south Florida?, Bull. Mar. Sci., 54, 1073

Butler, 1995, Cascading disturbances in Florida Bay, USA: cyanobacteria blooms, sponge mortality and implications for juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 129, 119, 10.3354/meps129119

Cao, 2008, Atmospheric CO2 stabilization and ocean acidification, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L19609, 10.1029/2008GL035072

Canale, 1974, Effects of temperature on phytoplankton growth, J. Environ. Eng. Div. ASCE, 100, 229

Capper, 2005, The fate of Lyngbya majuscula toxins in three potential consumers, J. Chem. Ecol., 31, 1595, 10.1007/s10886-005-5800-5

Capper, 2006, Chemical deterrence of a marine cyanobacterium against sympatric and non-sympatric consumers, Hydrobiologia, 553, 319, 10.1007/s10750-005-1129-x

Capper, 2008, Grazer interactions with four species of Lyngbya in southeast Florida, Harmful Algae, 7, 717, 10.1016/j.hal.2008.02.004

Capone, 1997, Trichodesmium, a globally significant marine cyanobacterium, Science, 276, 1221, 10.1126/science.276.5316.1221

Carmichael, 2001, Health effects of toxin-producing cyanobacteria: “The CyanoHABs”, Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess., 7, 1393, 10.1080/20018091095087

Carmichael, 2006, Cyanobacteria toxins in the Salton Sea, Saline Syst., 2, 5, 10.1186/1746-1448-2-5

Carmichael, 2008, A world view—One-hundred twenty-seven years of research on toxic cyanobacteria—Where do we go from here?, vol. XXIV, 105

Carmichael, 1988, Toxicity and partial structure of a hepatotoxic peptide produced by the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena Mertens emend. L575 from New Zealand, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 54, 2257, 10.1128/AEM.54.9.2257-2263.1988

Chan, 2004, Bloom formation in heterocystic nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria: the dependence on colony size and zooplankton grazing, Limnol. Oceanogr., 49, 2171, 10.4319/lo.2004.49.6.2171

Chasar, 2005, Evaluating the effect of environmental disturbance on the trophic structure of Florida Bay, USA: multiple stable isotope analyses of contemporary and historical specimens, Limnol. Oceanogr., 50, 1059, 10.4319/lo.2005.50.4.1059

Chapman, 1997, Recent appearance of Cylindrospermopsis (Cyanobacteria) in five hypereutrophic Florida lakes, J. Phycol., 33, 191, 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00191.x

Chonudomkul, 2004, Morphology, genetic diversity, temperature tolerance and toxicity of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) strains from Thailand and Japan, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 48, 345, 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.02.014

Chorus, 1999

Codd, 1988, Cyanobacterial toxins, 283

Codd, 2005, Harmful Cyanobacteria: from mass mortalities to management measures, 1

Codd, 2005, Cyanobacterial toxins: risk management for health protection, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 203, 264, 10.1016/j.taap.2004.02.016

Cole, 1994, Carbon dioxide supersaturation in the surface waters of lakes, Science, 265, 1568, 10.1126/science.265.5178.1568

Conroy, 2007, Cylindrospermopsis in Lake Erie: testing its association with other cyanobacterial genera and major limnological parameters, J. Great Lakes Res., 33, 519, 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[519:CILETI]2.0.CO;2

Cox, 2009, Conclusion to the symposium: the seven pillars of the cyanobacteria/BMAA hypothesis, Amyotroph. Lateral Scler., 124, 10.3109/17482960903312912

Cox, 2003, Biomagnification of cyanobacterial neurotoxins and neurodegenerative disease among the Chamorro people of Guam, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 100, 13380, 10.1073/pnas.2235808100

Cox, 2005, Diverse taxa of cyanobacteria produce-N-methylamino-l-alanine, a neurotoxic amino acid, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 102, 5074, 10.1073/pnas.0501526102

Cox, 2009, Cyanobacteria and BMAA exposure from desert dust: a possible link to sporadic ALS among Gulf War veterans, Amyotroph. Lateral Scler., 109, 10.3109/17482960903286066

Cronberg, 2003, Taxonomy of harmful cyanobacteria, 523

Czerny, 2009, Influence of elevated CO2 concentrations on cell division and nitrogen fixation rates in the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena, Biogeosciences, 6, 1865, 10.5194/bg-6-1865-2009

Dai, 2009, Effects of amino acids on microcystin production of the Microcystis aeruginosa, J. Hazard. Mater., 161, 730, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.015

Davis, T.W., 2009. Effects of nutrients, temperature, and zooplankton grazing on toxic and non-toxic strains of the harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis spp. PhD Dissertation, Stony Brook University.

Davis, 2009, The effects of temperature and nutrients on the growth and dynamics of toxic and non-toxic strains of Microcystis during cyanobacteria blooms, Harmful Algae, 8, 715, 10.1016/j.hal.2009.02.004

Davis, 2010, Effects of nitrogenous compounds and phosphorus on the growth of toxic and non-toxic strains of Microcystis during bloom events, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 61, 149, 10.3354/ame01445

Deeley, D.M., 2009. Roebuck Bay Working Group Contingency Management Plan Broome Lyngbya, Western Australia. www.roebuckbay.org.au/pdfs/Lyngbya.

Degerholm, 2006, Phosphorus-limited growth dynamics in two Baltic Sea cyanobacteria, Nodularia sp. and Aphanizomenon sp., FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 58, 323, 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00180.x

Dennison, 1999, Blooms of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula in coastal waters of Queensland, Australia, Bull. de l’inst. Oceangr. Monaco, 19, 501

DeNobel, 1997, Competition for phosphorus between the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria Anabaena and Aphanizomenon, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 24, 259, 10.1016/S0168-6496(97)00067-6

Doney, 2006, Oceanography: Plankton in a warmer world, Nature, 444, 695, 10.1038/444695a

Downing, 2001, Predicting cyanobacteria dominance in lakes, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 58, 1905, 10.1139/f01-143

Drewry, J., Dostine, P.L., Fortune, J., 2010. Darwin Harbour Region. Other Projects and Monitoring. Northern Territory Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport. Report No. 25/2010D. Palmerston, NT, Australia.

Dufour, 2006, Cascading nutrient limitation of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in a Sahelian lake (North Senegal), Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 44, 219, 10.3354/ame044219

Dyble, 2006, Effects of light intensity on cylindrospermopsin production in the cyanobacterial HAB species Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Afr. J. Mar. Sci., 28, 309, 10.2989/18142320609504168

Dyhrman, 2006, Phosphonate utilization by the globally important marine diazotroph Trichodesmium, Nature, 439, 68, 10.1038/nature04203

Edler, 1979, Recommendations for marine biological studies in the Baltic Sea. Phytoplankton and chlorophyll, Baltic Mar. Biol. Publ., 5, 1

Elmetri, 2004, Effects of phosphorus on the growth and nitrogen fixation rates of Lyngbya majuscula: implications for management in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 281, 27, 10.3354/meps281027

Elmgren, 2001, Understanding human impact on the Baltic ecosystem: changing views in recent decades, Ambio, 30, 222, 10.1579/0044-7447-30.4.222

Endean, 1993, Apparent relationship between toxins elaborated by the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythaeum and those in the flesh of Spanish Makerel, Scomberomorus commersoni, Toxicon, 31, 1155, 10.1016/0041-0101(93)90131-2

Engene, 2010, 16S rRNA gene heterogeneity in the filamentous marine cyanobacterial genus Lyngbya, J. Phycol., 46, 591, 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00840.x

Engene, 2011, Underestimated biodiversity as a major explanation for the perceived prolific secondary metabolite capacity of the cyanobacterial genus Lyngbya, Environ. Microbiol., 13, 1601, 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02472.x

Engene, 2011, Moorea producta gen. nov., sp. nov. and Moorea bouillonii comb. nov., tropical marine cyanobacteria rich in bioactive secondary metabolites, IJSEM

Engström-Öst, 2011, Interactions between plankton and cyanobacterium Anabaena with focus on salinity, growth and toxin production, Harmful Algae, 10, 530, 10.1016/j.hal.2011.04.002

Environmental Protection Authority, 2008

Eppley, 1972, Temperature and phytoplankton growth in the sea, Fish. Bull., 70, 1063

Eriksson, 1990, Hepatocyte deformation induced by cyanobacterial toxins reflects inhibition of protein phosphotases, Biochem. Biophys. Res., 173, 1347, 10.1016/S0006-291X(05)80936-2

Faithfull, 2006, Effects of salinity and source of inocula on germination of Anabaena akinetes from tidally influenced lake, Freshw. Biol., 51, 705, 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01524.x

Fastner, 2001, Determination of oligopeptide diversity within a natural population of Microcystis spp. (Cyanobacteria) by typing single colonies by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67, 5069, 10.1128/AEM.67.11.5069-5076.2001

Fastner, 2003, Cylindrospermopsis occurrence in two German lakes and preliminary assessment of toxicity and toxin production of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) isolates, Toxicon, 42, 313, 10.1016/S0041-0101(03)00150-8

Fernald, 2007, Changes in cyanobacterial dominance following the invasion of the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha: long-term results from the Hudson River Estuary, Estuaries Coast., 30, 163, 10.1007/BF02782976

Figueredo, 2009, Phytoplankton community in the tropical lake of Lagoa Santa (Brazil): conditions favouring a persistent bloom of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Limnologica, 39, 264, 10.1016/j.limno.2009.06.009

Finni, 2001, The history of cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea, Ambio, 30, 172, 10.1579/0044-7447-30.4.172

Fogg, 1942, Studies on nitrogen fixation by blue-green algae I. Nitrogen fixation by Anabaena Cylindrica Lemm, J. Exp. Biol., 19, 78, 10.1242/jeb.19.1.78

Fogg, 1969, The physiology of an algal nuisance, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Biol., 173, 175, 10.1098/rspb.1969.0045

Fonselius, 1978, On nutrients and their role as production limiting factors in the Baltic, Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol., 6, 329, 10.1002/aheh.19780060406

Fourqurean, 1999, Florida Bay: a history of recent environmental changes, Estuaries, 22, 345, 10.2307/1353203

Franko, 1979, Functionally distinct classes of complex phosphorus compounds in lake water, Limnol. Oceanogr., 24, 463, 10.4319/lo.1979.24.3.0463

Francis, 1878, Poisonous Australian Lake, Nature, 18, 11, 10.1038/018011d0

Frangeul, 2008, Highly plastic genome of Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806, a ubiquitous toxic freshwater cyanobacterium, BMC Genomics, 9, 274, 10.1186/1471-2164-9-274

Fristachi, 2008, Occurrence of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms workgroup report, 45

Fu, 2007, Effects of increased temperature and CO2 on photosynthesis, growth, and elemental ratios in marine Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus, J. Phycol., 43, 485, 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00355.x

Fu, 2008, Interactions between changing pCO2, N2 fixation, and Fe limitation in the marine unicellular cyanobacterium Crocosphaera, Limnol. Oceanogr., 53, 2472, 10.4319/lo.2008.53.6.2472

Fujimoto, 1997, Nutrient-limited growth of Microcystis aeruginosa and Phormidium tenue and competition under various N:P supply ratios and temperature, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 250, 10.4319/lo.1997.42.2.0250

Furnas, M.J., Mitchell, A.W., Skuza, M., 1993. Nitrogen and phosphorus budgets for the Great Barrier Reef. Final Report to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Aust. Inst. Mar. Sci., Townsville.

Füssel, H.M., 2009. An updated assessment of the risks from climate change based on research published since the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report Climatic Change 97, 469–482.

GEOHAB (Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms Programme), 2001

Gerbersdorf, 2006, An advanced technique for immuno-labelling of microcystins in cryosectioned cells of Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 (cyanobacteria): implementation of an experiment with varying light scenarios and culture densities, Toxicon, 47, 218, 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.10.019

Gerwick, 2008, Giant marine cyanobacteria produce exciting potential pharmaceuticals, Microbe, 3, 277

Giordano, 2005, CO2 concentrating mechanisms in algae: mechanisms, environmental modulation, and evolution, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 56, 99, 10.1146/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144052

Giordanino, 2011, Influence of temperature and UVR on photosynthesis and morphology of four species of cyanobacteria, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol., 103, 68, 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.01.013

Glibert, 1994, Release of dissolved organic nitrogen by marine diazotrophic cyanobacteria, Trichodesmium spp., Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60, 3996, 10.1128/AEM.60.11.3996-4000.1994

Glibert, 1999, Dissolved organic nitrogen release and amino acid oxidase activity by Trichodesmium spp., Bull. de l’Oceanogr. Monaco, 19, 265

Glibert, 2004, Evidence for dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus uptake during a cyanobacterial bloom in Florida Bay, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 280, 73, 10.3354/meps280073

Glibert, 2005, The global, complex phenomena of harmful algal blooms, Oceanography, 18, 136, 10.5670/oceanog.2005.49

Glibert, 2006, The complex relationships between increasing fertilization of the Earth, coastal eutrophication, and HAB proliferation, 341

Gobler, 2002, Impacts of nutrients and grazing mortality on the abundance of Aureococcus anophagefferens during a New York Brown Tide bloom, Limnol. Oceanogr., 47, 129, 10.4319/lo.2002.47.1.0129

Gobler, 2007, The interactive influences of nutrient loading and zooplankton grazing on the growth and toxicity of cyanobacteria blooms in a eutrophic lake, Harmful Algae, 6, 119, 10.1016/j.hal.2006.08.003

Goldman, 1974, A kinetic approach to the effect of temperature on algal growth, Limnol. Oceanogr., 19, 756, 10.4319/lo.1974.19.5.0756

Goleski, 2010, The role of zooplankton grazing and nutrient loading in the occurrence of harmful marine cyanobacterial blooms in Florida Bay, USA, Estuaries Coast., 33, 1202, 10.1007/s12237-010-9294-1

Granéli, 1990, Nutrient limitation of primary production in the Baltic Sea area, Ambio, 19, 142

Griffiths, 2003, The Palm Island Mystery Disease 20 years on: a review of research on the cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin, Environ. Toxicol., 18, 79, 10.1002/tox.10103

Grönlund, 1996, Community development and modes of phosphorus utilization in a late summer ecosystem in the central Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea, Hydrobiologia, 33, 97, 10.1007/BF00025411

Guo, 1994, Toxic effect of the bloom-forming Trichodesmium sp. (Cyanophyta) to the copepod Acartia tonsa, Nat. Toxins, 2, 222, 10.1002/nt.2620020411

Hahn, 1992, The cyanobacterium Oscillatoria erythraea—a potential source of toxin in the ciguatera food-chain, Food Addit. Contam., 9, 351, 10.1080/02652039209374081

Halinen, 2007, Direct evidence for production of microcystins by Anabaena strains from the Baltic Sea, Appl. Eviron. Microbiol., 73, 6543, 10.1128/AEM.01377-07

Hall, 1999, Decadal changes in seagrass distribution and abundance in Florida Bay, Estuaries, 22, 445, 10.2307/1353210

Hallegraeff, 1993, A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase, Phycologia, 32, 79, 10.2216/i0031-8884-32-2-79.1

Hamilton, 2005, The occurrence of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in Constance Lake: an exotic cyanoprokaryote new to Canada, Phycologia, 44, 17, 10.2216/0031-8884(2005)44[17:TOOTCC]2.0.CO;2

Harada, 1994, Isolation of cylindrospermopsin from a cyanobacterium Umezakia natans and its screening method, Toxicon, 32, 73, 10.1016/0041-0101(94)90023-X

Harke, 2011, Molecular response of the bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, to phosphorus limitation, Mol. Ecol.

Harris, 1996, Interannual variability in phytoplankton biomass and species composition in a subtropical reservoir’, Freshw. Biol., 35, 545, 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1996.tb01768.x

HARRNESS (Harmful Algal Research and Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy), 2005. Ramsdell, J., Anderson, D., P. Glibert (Eds.), Ecological Society of America, Washington, DC.

Hashimoto, 1976, Occurence of toxic blue-green alga inducing skin dermatitis in Okinawa, 333

Hawkins, 1985, Severe hepatotoxicity caused by the tropical cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenaya and Subba Raju isolated from a domestic water supply reservoir, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 50, 1292, 10.1128/AEM.50.5.1292-1295.1985

Hawkins, 2001, Phenotypical variation in a toxic strain of the phytoplankter, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Nostocales, Cyanophyceae) during batch culture, Environ. Toxicol., 16, 460, 10.1002/tox.10005

Hawser, 1991, A neurotoxic factor associated with the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Trichodesmium, Toxicon, 29, 227, 10.1016/0041-0101(91)90231-F

Hawser, 1992, Toxicity of blooms of the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium to zooplankton, J. Appl. Phycol., 4, 79, 10.1007/BF00003963

Heath, 1995, Ecosystem-level effects of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha): an enclosure experiment in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, J. Great Lakes Res., 21, 501, 10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71062-0

Hein, 1997, CO2 increases oceanic primary production, Nature, 388, 526, 10.1038/41457

Heiskanen, 1995, Estimation of export production in the coastal Baltic Sea: effects of resuspension and microbial decomposition on sedimentation measurements, Hydrobiologia, 316, 211, 10.1007/BF00017438

Heisler, 2008, Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: a scientific consensus, Harmful Algae, 8, 3, 10.1016/j.hal.2008.08.006

HELCOM: Baltic Sea Action Plan, 2007, 101 pp.

Hellweger, 2008, Agent-based modelling of the complex life cycle of a cyanobacterium (Anabaena) in a shallow reservoir, Limnol. Oceanogr., 53, 1227, 10.4319/lo.2008.53.4.1227

Hesse, 2001, Effects of light and nutrient supply on growth and microcystin content of different strains of Microcystis aeruginosa, 104

Hinga, 2002, Effects of pH on coastal marine phytoplankton, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 238, 281, 10.3354/meps238281

Hoagland, 2002, The economic effects of harmful algal blooms in the United States: estimates, assessment issues and information needs, Estuaries, 25, 819, 10.1007/BF02804908

Hobson, 2003, Effect of irradiance, temperature and salinity on growth and toxin production by Nodularia spumigena, Hydrobiologia, 493, 7, 10.1023/A:1025447318487

Hoffmann, 1999, Marine cyanobacteria in tropical regions: diversity and ecology, Eur. J. Phycol., 34, 371, 10.1080/09670269910001736432

Hoffmann, 1991, Marine cyanophyceae of Papua New Guinea. II. Lyngbya bouillonii sp. Nov., a remarkable tropical reef-inhabiting blue-green alga, Belg. J. Bot., 124, 82

Hong, 2006, Occurrence of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in Mona and Muskegon Lakes, Michigan, J. Great Lakes Res., 32, 645, 10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[645:OOTTCC]2.0.CO;2

Houghton, 2001

Hudnell, 2008, Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms: state of the science and research needs, vol. XXIV, 950

Hudnell, 2008, A synopsis of research needs identified at the interagency, international symposium on cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (ISOC-HAB), vol. XXIV, 16

Hudnell, 2008, An overview of the interagency, internation symposium on cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (ISOC-HAB): advancing the scientific understanding of freshwater harmful algal blooms, vol. XXIV, 1

Huisman, 2005, Population dynamics of harmful cyanobacteira, 143, 10.1007/1-4020-3022-3_7

Humpage, 2008, Toxin types, toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, vol. XXIV, 383

Hutchins, 2007, CO2 control of Trichodesmium N2 fixation, photosynthesis, growth rates, and elemental ratios: implications for past, present, and future ocean biogeochemistry, Limnol. Oceanogr., 52, 1293, 10.4319/lo.2007.52.4.1293

Hutchins, 2009, Nutrient cycles and marine microbes in a CO2-enriched ocean, Oceanography, 22, 128, 10.5670/oceanog.2009.103

IPCC, 2007. A report of working group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers and Technical Summary.

Istvànovics, 2000, Growth and phosphate uptake kinetics of the cyanobacterium, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanophyceae) in throughflow cultures, Freshw. Biol., 43, 257, 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00549.x

Jacoby, 2000, Environmental factors associated with a toxic bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 57, 231, 10.1139/f99-234

Jacquet, 2005, The proliferation of the toxic cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens following restoration of the largest natural French lake (Lac du Bourget), Harmful Algae, 4, 651, 10.1016/j.hal.2003.12.006

Jähnichen, 2001, Evidence for control of microcystin dynamics in Bautzen reservoir (Germany) by cyanobacterial population growth rates and dissolved inorganic carbon, Arch. Hydrobiol., 150, 177, 10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/150/2001/177

Jähnichen, 2007, Impact of inorganic carbon availability on microcystin production by Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 73, 6994, 10.1128/AEM.01253-07

Janson, 2002, Phylogenetic analyses of nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria from the Baltic Sea reveal sequence anomalies in the phycocyanin operon, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 52, 1397, 10.1099/ijs.0.02111-0

Jensen, 1994, Impact of nutrients and physical factors on the shift from cyanobacterial to chlorophyte dominance in shallow Danish lakes, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 51, 1692, 10.1139/f94-170

Jöhnk, 2008, Summer heatwaves promote blooms of harmful cyanobacteria, Global Change Biol., 14, 495, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01510.x

Jonasson, 2008, Expression of the nodularin synthetise genes in the Baltic Sea bloom-former cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena strain AV1, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 65, 31, 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00499.x

Jonasson, 2010, Transfer of a cyanobacterial neurotoxin within a temperate aquatic ecosystem suggests pathways for human exposure, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 9252, 10.1073/pnas.0914417107

Jones, 1990, Aerobic nitrogen fixation by Lyngbya sp., a marine tropical cyanobacterium, Eur. J. Phycol., 25, 287, 10.1080/00071619000650291

Jones, 2011, Genomic insights into the physiology and ecology of the marine filamentous cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 108, 8815, 10.1073/pnas.1101137108

Joyner, 2008, Morphological and genetic evidence that the Cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei (Farlow ex Gomont) Speziale and Dyck encompasses at least two species, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 74, 3710, 10.1128/AEM.02645-07

Kahru, 1994, Satellite detection of increased cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea: natural fluctuation or ecosystem change?, Ambio, 23, 469

Kahru, 1997, Using satellites to monitor large-scale environmental change: a case study of cyanobacteria blooms in the Baltic Sea, 43

Kalff, 2002

Kaneko, 2007, Complete genomic structure of the bloom-forming toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843, DNA Res., 14, 1, 10.1093/dnares/dsm026

Kangatharalingam, 1991, Nitrogenase activity, photosynthesis, and the degree of heterocyst aggregation in the cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae, J. Phycol., 27, 680, 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1991.00680.x

Kangro, 2007, Species-specific responses of a cyanobacteria-dominated phytoplankton community to artificial nutrient limitation: a Baltic Sea coastal mesocosm study, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 336, 15, 10.3354/meps336015

Kanoshina, 2003, The influence of weather conditions (temperature and wind) on cyanobacterial bloom development in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea), Harmful Algae, 2, 29, 10.1016/S1568-9883(02)00085-9

Kaplan, 1999, CO2 concentrating mechanisms in photosynthetic microorganisms, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 50, 539, 10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.539

Kardinaal, 2007, Competition for light between toxic and non-toxic strains of the harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 73, 2939, 10.1128/AEM.02892-06

Karjalainen, 2007, Ecosystem consequences of cyanobacteria in the northern Baltic Sea, Ambio, 36, 195, 10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[195:ECOCIT]2.0.CO;2

Karl, 2002, Dinitrogen fixation in the world's oceans, Biogeochemistry, 57–58, 47, 10.1023/A:1015798105851

Karlsson-Elfgren, 2004, The importance of shallow sediments in the recruitment of Anabaena and Aphanizomenon (cyanophyceae), J. Phycol., 40, 831, 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2004.04070.x

Karlsson, 2005, First observation of microcystin-LR in pelagic cyanobacterial blooms in the northern Baltic Sea, Harmful Algae, 4, 163, 10.1016/j.hal.2004.02.002

Kehoe, M., 2010. Modelling of physical and physiological processes controlling primary production and growth in toxic filamentous cyanobacteria. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland, Australia.

Kellmann, 2006, Functional modeling and phylogenetic distribution of putative cylindrospermopsin biosynthesis enzymes, J. Mol. Evol., 62, 267, 10.1007/s00239-005-0030-6

Kenesi, 2009, Effect of nitrogen forms on growth, cell composition and N2 fixation of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in phosphorus-limited chemostat cultures, Hydrobiologia, 623, 191, 10.1007/s10750-008-9657-9

Kerbrat, 2010, Detection of ciguatoxin-like and paralysing toxins in Trichodesmium spp. from New Caledonia lagoon, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 61, 360, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.06.017

Kerbrat, 2011, First evidence of palytoxin and 42-hydroxy-palytoxin in the marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium, Mar. Drugs, 9, 543, 10.3390/md9040543

Kim, 2005, Effects of temperature and light on microcystin synthetase gene transcription in Microcystis aeruginosa, Key Eng. Mater., 277–279, 606, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.277-279.606

Klisch, 2008, Mycosporine-like amino acids and marine toxins—the common and the different, Mar. Drugs, 6, 147, 10.3390/md6020147

Kolowith, 2001, Composition and cycling of marine organic phosphorus, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 309, 10.4319/lo.2001.46.2.0309

Komárek, 2006, Cyanobacterial taxonomy: current problems and propects for the integration of traditional and molecular approaches, Algae, 21, 249, 10.4490/ALGAE.2006.21.4.349

Komárek, 1989, Modern approach to the classification system of cyanophytes 4-Nostocales, Arch. Hydrobiol./Algolog. Stud. Stuttgart, 56, 247

Komárek, 2005, Cyanoprokaryota-2. Teil2nd Part; Oscillatoriales, vol. 19, no. 2, 759

Komárek, J., Golubic, S., 2005. Proposal for unified nomenclatural rules for Cyanobacteria vs. Cyanophytes: Cyano-Guide. In: Hoffman, L. (Ed.), Nomenclature of Cyanophyta/Cyanobacteria: Roundtable on the Unification of the Momenclature Under the Botanical and Bacteriological Codes. Arch. Hydrobiol./Algolog. Stud. 117 (Cyanobacterial Research 6), 17–18.

Komarek, 1993, The Nodularia studies. 2. Taxonomy, Arch Hydrobiol., 68, 1

Kononen, 1996, Initiation of cyanobacterial blooms in a frontal region at the entrance to the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 41, 98, 10.4319/lo.1996.41.1.0098

Kononen, 1997, Patchiness, scales and controlling mechanisms of cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea: application of multi-scale research strategy, 63

Konopka, 1978, Effect of temperature on blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) in Lake Mendota, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 36, 572, 10.1128/AEM.36.4.572-576.1978

Komárková, 1998, The tropical planktonic genus Cylindrospermopsis (Cyanophytes, cyanobacteria), vol. I, 327

Koskenniemi, 2007, Quantitative real-time PCR detection of toxic Nodularia cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 73, 2173, 10.1128/AEM.02746-06

Kotak, 1995, Variability of the hepatotoxin microcystin-LR in hypereutrophic drinking water lakes, J. Phycol., 31, 248, 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1995.00248.x

Kranz, 2009, Carbon acquisition by Trichodesmium: the effect of pCO2 and diurnal changes, Limnol. Oceanogr., 54, 548, 10.4319/lo.2009.54.2.0548

Kranz, 2010, Combined effects of CO2 and light on the N2-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium IMS101: physiological responses, Plant Physiol., 154, 334, 10.1104/pp.110.159145

Kranz, 2010, Calcium carbonate precipitation induced by the growth of the marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium, Limnol. Oceanogr., 55, 2563, 10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2563

Kranz, 2011, Interactions between CCM and N2 fixation in Trichodesmium, Photosynth. Res., 10.1007/s11120-010-9611-3

Kromkamp, 1990, A computer model of buoyancy and vertical migration in cyanobacteria, J. Plankton Res., 12, 161, 10.1093/plankt/12.1.161

Krüger, 2009, LC–MS/MS determination of the isomeric neurotoxins BMAA (β-N-methylamino-l-alanine) and DAB (2,4-diaminobutyric acid) in cyanobacteria and seeds of Cycas revoluta and Lathyrus latifolius, Toxicon, 55, 547, 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.10.009

Kuffner, 2001, Effects of nitrate, phosphate and iron on the growth of macroalgae and benthic cyanobacteria from Cocos Lagoon, Guam, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 222, 63, 10.3354/meps222063

Kuchler, 1988, Shuttle photographs capture massive phytoplankton bloom in the Great Barrier Reef, Int. J. Remote Sens., 9, 1299, 10.1080/01431168808954937

Kurmayer, 2003, Application of real time PCR for quantification of microcystin genotypes in a population of the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis sp., Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69, 6723, 10.1128/AEM.69.11.6723-6730.2003

Kustka, 2003, A revised estimate of the iron use efficiency of nitrogen fixation, with special reference to the marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. (Cyanophyta), J. Phycol., 39, 12, 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.01156.x

Laamanen, 2001, Diversity of toxic and nontoxic Nodularia isolates (cyanobacteria) and filaments from the Baltic Sea, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67, 4638, 10.1128/AEM.67.10.4638-4647.2001

Laamanen, 2002, Diversity of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (cyanobacterium) populations along a Baltic Sea salinity gradient, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68, 5296, 10.1128/AEM.68.11.5296-5303.2002

Lagos, 1999, The first evidence of paralytic shellfish toxins in the freshwater cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, isolated from Brazil, Toxicon, 37, 1359, 10.1016/S0041-0101(99)00080-X

Lahti, 1997, Persistence of cyanobacterial hepatotoxin, microcystin-LR in particulate material and dissolved in lake water, Water Res., 31, 1005, 10.1016/S0043-1354(96)00353-3

Landsberg, 2002, The effects of harmful algal blooms on aquatic organisms, Rev. Fish. Sci., 10, 113, 10.1080/20026491051695

LaRoche, 2005, Importance of the diazotrophs as a source of new nitrogen in the ocean, J. Sea Res., 53, 67, 10.1016/j.seares.2004.05.005

Larsson, 1985, Eutrophication and the Baltic Sea: causes and consiquences, Ambio, 14, 9

Larsson, 2001, Baltic Sea nitrogen fixation estimated from the summer increase in upper mixed layer total nitrogen, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 811, 10.4319/lo.2001.46.4.0811

Laurent, 2008, Are cyanobacteria involved in Ciguatera Fish Poisoning-like outbreaks in New Caledonia?, Harmful Algae, 7, 827, 10.1016/j.hal.2008.04.005

Lehtimäki, 1994, The effects of incubation time, temperature, light, salinity, and phosphorus on growth and hepatotoxin production by Nodularia strains, Arch. Hydrobiol., 130, 269, 10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/130/1994/269

Lehtimäki, 1997, Growth, nitrogen fixation and nodularin production by two Baltic Sea cyanobacteria, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 63, 1647, 10.1128/AEM.63.5.1647-1656.1997

Lenes, 2001, Iron fertilization and the response on the West Florida shelf, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 1261, 10.4319/lo.2001.46.6.1261

Lenes, 2010, A historical analysis of the potential nutrient supply from the N2 fixing marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. to Karenia brevis blooms in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, J. Plankton Res., 32, 1421, 10.1093/plankt/fbq061

Levitan, 2007, Elevated CO2 enhances nitrogen fixation and growth in the marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium, Global Change Biol., 13, 531, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01314.x

Levitan, 2010, Regulation of nitrogen metabolism in the marine diazotroph Trichodesmium IMS101 under varying temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, Environ. Microbiol., 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02195.x

Levitan, 2010, Combined effects of CO2 and light on the N2-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium IMS101: a mechanistic view, Plant Physiol., 154, 346, 10.1104/pp.110.159285

Levitan, 2010, The influence of pCO2 and temperature on gene expression of carbon and nitrogen pathways in Trichodesmium IMS101, PLoS One, 5, 10.1371/journal.pone.0015104

Lewis, 2004, Numerical models for management of Anabaena circinalis, J. Appl. Phycol., 16, 457, 10.1007/s10811-004-5506-z

Li, 2001, First report of the cyanotoxins cylindrospermopsin and deoxycylindrospermopsin from Raphidiopsis curvata (cyanobacteria), J. Phycol., 37, 1121, 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2001.01075.x

Li, 2001, Isolation and identification of the cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin and deoxy-cylindrospermopsin from a Thailand strain of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (cyanobacteria), Toxicon, 39, 973, 10.1016/S0041-0101(00)00236-1

Likens, 1972, Eutrophication and aquatic ecosystems, 3

Lindahl, 1980, Short-term variations in nitrogen fixation in a coastal area of the northern Baltic, Arch. Hydrobiol., 89, 88

Liu, 2010, New peptides isolated from Lyngbya species: a review, Mar. Drugs, 8, 1817, 10.3390/md8061817

Liu, 2011, The effects of temperature and nutrient rations on Microcystis bloms in Lake Taihu, China: an 11-year investigation, Harmful Algae, 10, 337, 10.1016/j.hal.2010.12.002

Long, 2001, Cellular microcystin content in N-limited Microcystis aeruginosa can be predicted from growth rate, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67, 278, 10.1128/AEM.67.1.278-283.2001

Luo, 2010, Characterization of a monomeric heat-labile classical alkaline phosphatase from Anabaena sp. PCC7120, Biochemistry (Moscow), 75, 644, 10.1134/S0006297910050172

Lundgren, 2003, Reevaluation of the nitrogen fixation behavior in the marine non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula, J. Phycol., 39, 310, 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.02080.x

Lyra, 2005, Benthic cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia are non-toxic, without gas vacuoles, able to glide and genetically more diverse than planktonic Nodularia, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 55, 555, 10.1099/ijs.0.63288-0

Maberly, 1996, Diel, episodic and seasonal changes in pH and concentrations of inorganic carbon in a productive lake, Freshw. Biol., 35, 579, 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1996.tb01770.x

McCausland, 2005, Ecophysiological influence of light and mixing on Anabaena circinalis (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria), Eur. J. Phycol., 40, 9, 10.1080/09670260400019758

McGregor, 2000, Dominance of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Nostocales, Cyanoptokaryota) in Queensland tropical and subtropical reservoirs: implications for monitoring and management, Lakes Reservoirs Res. Manage., 5, 195, 10.1046/j.1440-1770.2000.00115.x

McGregor, 2011, Report of the cyanotoxins cylindrospermopsin and deoxy-cylindrospermopsin from Raphidiopsis mediterranea Skuja (Cyanobacteria/Nostocales), Harmful Algae, 10, 402, 10.1016/j.hal.2011.02.002

Maier, 2004, Risk-based approach for assessing the effectiveness of flow management in controlling cyanobacterial blooms in rivers, River Res. Appl., 20, 459, 10.1002/rra.760

Mazur-Marzec, 2006, Toxic Nodularia spumigena blooms in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Gdansk: a ten-year survey, Oceanologia, 48, 255

Messineo, 2010, Seasonal succession of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum blooms with cylindrospermopsin occurrence in the volcanic Lake Albano, central Italy, Environ. Toxicol., 25, 18, 10.1002/tox.20469

Mihali, 2008, Characterization of the gene cluster responsible for cylindrospermopsin biosynthesis, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 74, 716, 10.1128/AEM.01988-07

Mihali, 2009, Characterisation of the paralytic shellfish toxin biosynthesis gene clusters in Anabaena circinalis AWQC131C and Aphanizomenon sp. NH 5, BMC Biochem., 10, 8, 10.1186/1471-2091-10-8

Mihali, 2011, A putative gene cluster from a Lyngbya wollei bloom that encodes paralytic shellfish toxin biosynthesis, PLoS ONE, 6, e14657, 10.1371/journal.pone.0014657

Mills, 2004, Iron and phosphorus co-limit nitrogen fixation in the eastern tropical North Atlantic, Nature, 429, 292, 10.1038/nature02550

Mitrovic, 2003, Critical flow velocities for the growth and dominance of Anabaena circinalis in some turbid freshwater rivers, Freshw. Biol., 48, 164, 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.00957.x

Mitrovc, 2006, Modelling suppression of cyanobacterial blooms by flow management in lowland river, River Res. Appl., 22, 109, 10.1002/rra.875

Mitsui, 1989, Hemolytic toxins in marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp., 367

Moffitt, 2004, Characterization of the nodularin synthetase gene cluster and proposed theory of the evolution of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70, 6353, 10.1128/AEM.70.11.6353-6362.2004

Mohamed, 2007, First report of toxic Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Raphidiopsis mediterranea (Cyanoprokaryota) in Egyptian fresh waters, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 59, 749, 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00226.x

Moikeha, 1971, Dermatitis-producing alga Lyngbya majuscula Gomont in Hawaii. II. Biological properties of the toxic factor, J. Phycol., 7, 8

Moisander, 2000, Growth, primary productivity, and nitrogen fixation potential of Nodularia spp. (Cyanophyceae) in water from a subtropical estuary in the United States, J. Phycol., 36, 645, 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2000.99227.x

Moisander, 2002, Salinity effects on growth, photosynthetic parameters, and nitrogenise activity in estuarine planktonic cyanobacteria, Microb. Ecol., 43, 432, 10.1007/s00248-001-1044-2

Moisander, 2008, Effects of inorganic nitrogen on taxa-specific cyanobacterial growth and nifH expression in a subtropical estuary, Limnol. Oceanogr., 53, 2519, 10.4319/lo.2008.53.6.2519

Moore, 1981, Toxins from marine blue-green algae, 15

Moore, 1995, Comparative physiology of Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus: influence of light and temperature on growth, pigments, fluorescence and absorptive properties, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 116, 259, 10.3354/meps116259

Monteiro, 2011, Biogeographical controls on the marine nitrogen fixers, Global Biogoeochem. Cycles, 25, GB2003, 10.1029/2010GB003902

Mulholland, 2006, Nitrogen fixation and release of fixed nitrogen in the Gulf of Mexico, Limnol. Oceanogr., 51, 1762, 10.4319/lo.2006.51.4.1762

Mulholland, 2001, The stoichiometry of N and C utilization in culture populations of Trichodesmium IMS101, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 436, 10.4319/lo.2001.46.2.0436

Mur, 1999, Cyanobacteria in the environment, 15

Murch, 2004, A mechanism for slow release of biomagnified cyanobacterial neurotoxins and neurodegenerative disease in Guam, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 101, 12228, 10.1073/pnas.0404926101

Nagata, 1997, Enzyme immunoassay for the direct determination of microcystins in environmental water, J. AOAC Int., 80, 408, 10.1093/jaoac/80.2.408

Nagle, 1998, Dietary preferences of the opisthobranch mollusc Stylocheilus longicauda for secondary metabolites produced by the tropical cyanobacteria Lyngbya majuscula, Mar. Biol., 132, 267, 10.1007/s002270050392

Neilan, 2003, Phylogeography of the invasive cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Mol. Ecol., 12, 133, 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01709.x

Negri, 2004, Effects of the bloom-forming alga Trichodesmium erythraeum on the pearl oyster Pinctada maxima, Aquaculture, 232, 91, 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00487-3

Niemi, 1979, Blue-green algae blooms and N:P ratio in the Baltic Sea, Acta Bot. Fennica, 110, 57

Nogle, 2002, Isolation of four new cyclic depsipeptides, antanapeptins A–D, and dolastatin 16 from a Madagascan collection of Lyngbya majuscula, J. Nat. Prod., 65, 21, 10.1021/np010348n

Norris, 1999, Deoxycylindrospermopsin, an analog of cylindrospermopsin from Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Environ. Toxicol., 14, 163, 10.1002/(SICI)1522-7278(199902)14:1<163::AID-TOX21>3.0.CO;2-V

O’Brien, 2009, Effects of light history on primary productivity in a Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii-dominated reservoir, Freshw. Biol., 54, 272, 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02106.x

Ohta, 1994, Nodularin, a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, is a new environmental carcinogen in male F344 rat liver, Cancer Res., 54, 6402

Ohtani, 1992, Cylindrospermopsin: a potent hepatotoxin from the blue-green alga Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 114, 7942, 10.1021/ja00046a067

Oliver, 1994, Floating and sinking in gas-vacuolate cyanobacteria, J. Phycol., 30, 161, 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1994.00161.x

Oliver, 2000, Freshwater blooms, 149

Olli, 2005, Akinete production of Anabaena lemmermannii and A. cylindrica (Cyanophyceae) in natural populations of N- and P-limited coastal mesocosms, J. Phycol., 41, 1094, 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00153.x

O’Neil, 2005, Lyngbya majuscula in Southeast Queensland waterways, 143

O’Neil, 2004, Nitrogen acquisition by the toxic marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula from Moreton Bay, Australia and Tampa Bay, Florida

Onodera, 1997, New saxitoxin analogues from the freshwater filamentous cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei, Nat. Toxins, 5, 146, 10.1002/19970504NT4

Osborne, 2004

Osborne, 2007, Health effects of recreational exposure to Moreton Bay, Australia waters during a Lyngbya majuscula bloom, Environ. Int., 33, 309, 10.1016/j.envint.2006.10.011

Osborne, 2001, The toxins of Lyngbya majuscula and their human and ecological health effects, Environ. Int., 27, 381, 10.1016/S0160-4120(01)00098-8

Orr, 1998, Relationship between microcystin production and cell division rates in nitrogen-limited Microcystis aeruginosa cultures, Limnol. Oceanogr., 43, 1604, 10.4319/lo.1998.43.7.1604

Orr, 2004, Response of cultured Microcystis aeruginosa from the Swan River, Australia, to elevated salt concentration and consequences for bloom and toxin management in estuaries, Mar. Freshw. Res., 55, 277, 10.1071/MF03164

Padisák, 1997, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya et Subba Raju, an expanding, highly adaptive cyanobacterium: worldwide distribution and review of its ecology, Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl., 107, 563

Padisák, 1997, Differential response of blue-green algal groups to phosphorus load reduction in a large shallow lake: Balaton, Hungary, 574

Paerl, 1988, Nuisance phytoplankton blooms in coastal, estuarine, and inland waters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 33, 823, 10.4319/lo.1988.33.4_part_2.0823

Paerl, 1997, Coastal eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: importance of anthropogenic deposition and groundwater as “new” nitrogen and other nitrogen sources, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 1154, 10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1154

Paerl, 2008, Nutrient and other environmental controls of harmful cyanobacterial blooms along the freshwater-marine continuum, vol. XXIV

Paerl, 2001, Harmful freshwater algal blooms with an emphasis on cyanobacteria, The Scientific World, 1, 76, 10.1100/tsw.2001.16

Paerl, 2011, Controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a world experiencing anthropogenic and climatic-induced change, Sci. Total Environ., 409, 1739, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.001

Paerl, 2008, Blooms like it hot, Science, 320, 57, 10.1126/science.1155398

Paerl, 2009, Climate change: a catalyst for global expansion of harmful cyanobacterial blooms, Eviron. Microb. Rep., 1, 27, 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2008.00004.x

Paerl, 2008, Co-occurrence of dinoflagellate and cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in Florida coastal waters: a case for dual nutrient (N and P) input controls, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 37, 143, 10.3354/meps07681

Paerl, 1996, Physiological ecology of toxic cyanobacteria, Phycologia, 35, 160, 10.2216/i0031-8884-35-6S-160.1

Pangilinan, R.F., 2000. Effects of light and nutrients on intraspecific secondary metabolite variation in the benthic cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. M.S. Thesis. University of Guam, 29 pp.

Paul, 2008, Global warming and cyanobacterial harmful algal booms, vol. XXIV, 239

Paul, 2005, Benthic cyanobacterial bloom impacts the reefs of South Florida (Broward County, USA), Coral Reefs, 24, 693, 10.1007/s00338-005-0061-x

Pennings, 1996, Secondary metabolites of the cyanobacterium Microcoleus lyngbyaceus and the sea hare Stylocheilus longicauda: palatability and toxicity, Mar. Biol., 126, 735, 10.1007/BF00351340

Peperzak, 2003, Climate change and harmful algal blooms in the North Sea, Acta Oecol., 24, 139, 10.1016/S1146-609X(03)00009-2

Peterson, 2006, Potential role of sponge communities controlling phytoplankton blooms in Florida Bay, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 328, 93, 10.3354/meps328093

Phlips, 1996, Spatial variability in phytoplankton standing crop and composition in a shallow inner-shelf lagoon, Florida Bay, Florida, Bull. Mar. Sci., 58, 203

Phlips, 1999, Blooms of the picoplanktonic cyanobacterium Synechococcus in Florida Bay, a subtropical inner-shelf lagoon, Limnol. Oceanogr., 44, 1166, 10.4319/lo.1999.44.4.1166

Pinckney, 1997, Environmental controls of phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the Neuse River Estuary (North Carolina, USA), Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 54, 2491, 10.1139/cjfas-54-11-2491

Plinski, 1999, Temperature and N:P ratio as factors causing blooms of blue-green algae in the Gulf of Gdansk, Oceanologia, 41, 73

Pointon, 2008, Modelling landbased nutrients relating to Lyngbya majuscula growth in Moreton Bay, southeast Queensland, Australia, Nature, 54, 377

Posselt, A.J., 2009. Are nutrients the key driver in promoting dominance of toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a sub-tropical reservoir? PhD Thesis. Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.

Posselt, 2009, Pulses of phosphate promote dominance of the toxic cyanophyte Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in a subtropical water reservoir, J. Phycol., 45, 540, 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00675.x

Poutanen, 2001, Carotenoid pigments as tracers of cyanobacteria blooms in recent and post-glacial sediments of the Baltic Sea, Ambio, 30, 179, 10.1579/0044-7447-30.4.179

Présing, 1996, Nitrogen fixation, ammonium and nitrate uptake during a bloom of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in Lake Balaton, Arch. Hydrobiol., 136, 553, 10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/136/1996/553

Présing, 2008, Phytoplankton nitrogen demand and the significance of internal and external nitrogen sources in a large shallow lake (Lake Balaton, Hungary), Hydrobiologia, 599, 87, 10.1007/s10750-007-9191-1

Preston, 1988, Effects of Trichodesmium spp. blooma on penaid prawn larvae, Mar. Biol., 131, 671, 10.1007/s002270050359

Price, 2008, Advances in understanding the cyanobacterial CO2-concentrating-mechanism (CM): functional components, Ci transporters, diversity, genetic regulation and prospects for engineering into plants, J. Exp. Bot., 59, 1441, 10.1093/jxb/erm112

Proença, 2009, Screening the toxicity and toxin content of blooms of the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum (Ehrenberg) in northeast Brasil, J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis., 15, 204, 10.1590/S1678-91992009000200004

Prospero, 1999, Long-term measurements of the transport of African mineral dust to the Southeastern United States: implications for regional air quality, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 15917, 10.1029/1999JD900072

Prospero, 2006, Saharan dust impacts and climate change, Oceanography, 19, 60, 10.5670/oceanog.2006.65

Prospero, 2003, African droughts and dust transport to the Caribbean: climate change implications, Science, 302, 1024, 10.1126/science.1089915

Qui, 2002, Effects of CO2 enrichment on the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanophyceae): pyhsiological responses and relationships with the availability of dissolved inorganic carbon, J. Phycol., 38, 721, 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.01180.x

Raikow, 2004, Dominance of the noxious cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa in low-nutrient lakes is associated with exotic zebra mussels, Limnol. Oceanogr., 49, 482, 10.4319/lo.2004.49.2.0482

Ramos, 2005, Bloom of the marine diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum in the Northwest African Upwelling, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 30, 303, 10.3354/meps301303

Rantala-Yilnen, 2011, Anatoxin-a synthetase gene cluster of the cyanobacterium Anabaena strain 37 and molecular methods to detect potential producers, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 10.1128/AEM.06022-11

Rapala, 1997, Variation of microcystins, cyanobacterial hepatotoxins, in Anabaena spp. as a function of growth stimulation, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 63, 2206, 10.1128/AEM.63.6.2206-2212.1997

Raven, 1997, Inorganic carbon acquisition by marine autotrophs, Adv. Bot. Res., 27, 85, 10.1016/S0065-2296(08)60281-5

Raven, 1988, Temperature and algal growth, New Phytol., 110, 441, 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1988.tb00282.x

Raven, 2002, New light on the scaling of metabolic rate with the size of algae, J. Phycol., 38, 1, 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.01125.x

Reinfelder, 2011, Carbon concentration mechanisms in eukaryotic marine phytoplankton, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 3, 291, 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142720

Rejmánková, 2011, Cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Atitlan, Guatemala, Limnol. Ecol. Manage. Inland Waters, 10.1016/j.limno.2010.12.003

Repka, 2001, Effects of nutrients on growth and nodularin production of Nodularia strain GR8b, Microbiol. Ecol., 42, 606, 10.1007/s00248-001-0026-8

Repka, 2004, Associations of cyanobacterial toxin, nodularin, with environmental factors and zooplankton in the Baltic Sea, Microbiol. Ecol., 47, 350, 10.1007/s00248-003-2010-y

Reynolds, 1975, Waterblooms, Biol. Rev., 50, 437, 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1975.tb01060.x

Reynolds, 1987, The response of phytoplankton communities to changing lake environments, Aquat. Sci., 49, 220

Reynolds, 2006

Reynolds, 2002, Towards a functional classification of the freshwater phytoplankton, J. Plankton Res., 24, 417, 10.1093/plankt/24.5.417

Riebesell, 2004, Effects of CO2 enrichment on marine phytoplankton, J. Oceanogr., 60, 719, 10.1007/s10872-004-5764-z

Riebesell, 2007, Enhanced biological carbon consumption in a high CO2 ocean, Nature, 450, 545, 10.1038/nature06267

Rinehart, 1988, Nodularin, microcystin, and the configuration of Adda, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 110, 8557, 10.1021/ja00233a049

Rinta-Kanto, 2005, Quantification of toxic Microcystis spp. during the 2003 and 2004 blooms in Western Lake Erie using quantitative real-time PCR, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 4198, 10.1021/es048249u

Rinta-Kanto, 2009, Lake Erie Microcystis: relationship between microcystin production, dynamics of genotypes and environmental parameters in a large lake, Harmful Algae, 8, 665, 10.1016/j.hal.2008.12.004

Robarts, 1987, Temperature effects on photosynthetic capacity, respiration, and growth rates of bloom-forming cyanobacteria, New Zeal, J. Mar. Freshw. Res., 21, 391, 10.1080/00288330.1987.9516235

Robson, 2003, Summer flow event induces a cyanobacterial bloom in a seasonal Western Australian estuary, Mar. Freshw. Res., 54, 139, 10.1071/MF02090

Rose, 2005, Use of superoxide as an electron shuttle for iron acquisition by the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 3708, 10.1021/es048766c

Rose, 2006, Role of superoxide in the photochemical reduction of iron in seawater, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 70, 3869, 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.008

Rouhiainen, 2004, Genes coding for hepatotoxic heptapeptides (microcystins) in the cyanobacterium Anabaena strain 90, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70, 686, 10.1128/AEM.70.2.686-692.2004

Runnegar, 1988, Toxicity of the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena mertens, Toxicon, 26, 143, 10.1016/0041-0101(88)90166-3

Saker, M.L., 2000. Cyanobacterial blooms in tropical north Queensland water bodies. PhD Thesis. James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.

Saker, 2001, Occurence of blooms of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenaya et Subba Ruju in a North Queensland domestic water supply, Mar. Freshw. Res., 52, 907, 10.1071/MF00110

Saker, 1999, Two morphological forms of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (cyanobacteria) isolated from Solomon Dam, Palm Island, Queensland, J. Phycol., 35, 599, 10.1046/j.1529-8817.1999.3530599.x

Saker, 2000, The effect of temperature on growth and cylindrospermopsin content of seven isolates of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Nostocales, Cyanophyceae) from water bodies in northern Australia, Phycologia, 39, 349, 10.2216/i0031-8884-39-4-349.1

Saker, 2001, Varied diazotrophies, morphologies, and toxicities of genetically similar isolates of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Nostocales, Cyanophyceae) from northern Australia, Appl. Microbiol., 67, 1839, 10.1128/AEM.67.4.1839-1845.2001

Saker, 2003, First report and toxicological assessment of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii from Portuguese freshwaters, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 55, 243, 10.1016/S0147-6513(02)00043-X

Sañudo-Wilhelmy, 2001, Phosphorus limitation of nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium in the central Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 411, 66, 10.1038/35075041

Sato, 1963, On the mechanism of red tide of Trichodesmium in Recife northeastern Brazil, with some considerations of the relation to the human disease, Tamandare fever, Trab. Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. Recife., 5–6, 7

Schindler, 1977, The evolution of phosphorus limitation in lakes, Science, 195, 260, 10.1126/science.195.4275.260

Sellner, 1997, Physiology, ecology, and toxic properties of marine cyanobacterial blooms, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 1089, 10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1089

Seifert, 2007, First evidence for the production of cylindrospermopsin and deoxy-cylindrospermopsin by the freshwater benthic cyanobacterium, Lyngbya wollei (Farlow ex Gomont) Speziale and Dyck, Harmful Algae, 6, 73, 10.1016/j.hal.2006.07.001

Seitzinger, 1997, Contribution of dissolved organic nitrogen from rivers to estuarine eutrophication, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 159, 1, 10.3354/meps159001

Shafik, 2001, Factors affecting growth and cell composition of cyanoprokaryote Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya et Subba Raju, Algol. Stud., 103, 74

Shapiro, 1990, Current beliefs regarding dominance by blue-greens: the case for the importance of CO2 and pH, Verh. IVTLAP, 24, 38

Sharp, 2009, Phylogenetic and chemical diversity of three chemotypes of bloom-forming Lyngbya species (Cyanobacteria: Oscillatoriales) from reefs of Southeastern Florida, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 75, 2879, 10.1128/AEM.02656-08

Shaw, 1999, Blooms of the cylindrospermopsin containing cyanobacterium, aphanizomenon ovalisporum (Forti), in Newly Constructed Lakes, Queensland, Australia, Environ. Toxicol., 14, 167, 10.1002/(SICI)1522-7278(199902)14:1<167::AID-TOX22>3.0.CO;2-O

Shaw, 2004, Toxicological aspect of Trichodesmium in Queensland, Australia, 228

Shiraiwa, 1985, Role of carbonic-anhydrase in photosynthesis of blue-green-alga (Cyanobacterium) Anabaena-variabilis ATCC-29413, Plant Cell Physiol., 26, 109

Sivonen, 1990, Effects of light, temperature, nitrate, orthophosphate and bacteria on growth of and hepatotoxin production by Oscillatoria agardhii strains, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 56, 2658, 10.1128/AEM.56.9.2658-2666.1990

Sivonen, 2008, Bioactive compounds produced by cyanobacteria, 159

Sivonen, 1999, Cyanobacteria toxins, 41

Sivonen, 1989, Occurrence of the hepatotoxic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena in the Baltic Sea and structure of the toxin, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 55, 1990, 10.1128/AEM.55.8.1990-1995.1989

Smith, 1986, Light and nutrient effects on the relative biomass of blue-green algae in lake phytoplankton, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 43, 148, 10.1139/f86-016

Smith, 2011, First report of saxitoxin production by a species of the freshwater benthic cyanobacterium, Scytonema Agardh, Toxicon, 57, 566, 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.12.020

Soranno, 1997, Factors affecting the timing of surface scums and epilimnetic blooms of blue-green algae in a eutrophic lake, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 54, 1965, 10.1139/cjfas-54-9-1965

Speziale, 1992, Lyngbya infestations: comparative taxonomy of Lyngbya wollei comb. nov. (Cyanobacteria), J. Phycol., 28, 693, 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1992.00693.x

Spoof, 2006, First observation of cylindrospermopsin in Anabaena lapponica isoloated from the boreal environment (Finland), Environ. Toxicol., 21, 552, 10.1002/tox.20216

Sprőber, 2003, Nitrogen uptake and fixation in the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii under different nitrogen conditions, Hydrobiologia, 506–509, 169, 10.1023/B:HYDR.0000008617.90245.5f

Stal, 1999, Nutrient control of cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 18, 165, 10.3354/ame018165

Stal, 2003, BASIC: Baltic Sea cyanobacteria. An investigation of the structure and dynamics of water blooms of cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea—responses to a changing environment, Cont. Shelf Res., 23, 1695, 10.1016/j.csr.2003.06.001

Stal, 2008, Cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation in the ocean: diversity, regulation and ecology, 423

Stepanauskas, 2000, High DON bioavailability in boreal streams during spring flood, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 1298, 10.4319/lo.2000.45.6.1298

Stephanauskas, 2002, Summer inputs of riverine nutrients to the Baltic Sea: bioavailability and eutrophication relevance, Ecol. Monogr., 72, 579, 10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0579:SIORNT]2.0.CO;2

Stewart, 2007, Cyanobacterial lipopolysaccharides and human health—a review, Environ. Health: Global Access Sci. Source, 5, 7, 10.1186/1476-069X-5-7

Stockner, 1988, Response of Anabaena and Synechococcus to manipulation of nitrogen: phosphorus ratios in a lake fertilization experiment, Limnol. Oceanogr., 33, 1348, 10.4319/lo.1988.33.6.1348

Stucken, 2010, The smallest known genomes of multicellular and toxic cyanobacteria: comparison, minimal gene sets for linked traits and the evolutionary implications, PLoS ONE, 5, e9235, 10.1371/journal.pone.0009235

Sunda, 2006, Positive feedback and the development and persistence of ecosystem disruptive algal blooms, J. Phycol., 42, 963, 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00261.x

Takamura, 1985, Photosynthesis and primary production of Microcystis aeruginosa Ktitz. in Lake Kasumigaura, J. Plankton Res., 7, 303, 10.1093/plankt/7.3.303

Takamura, 1987, Uptake of 13C and 15N (ammonium, nitrate, and urea) by Microcystis in Lake Kasumigaura, J. Plankton Res., 9, 151, 10.1093/plankt/9.1.151

Takeda, 2005, An in situ iron-enrichment experiment in the western subarctic Pacific (SEEDS): introduction and summary, Prog. Oceanogr., 64, 95, 10.1016/j.pocean.2005.02.004

Tan, 2007, Bioactive natural products from marine cyanobacteria for drug discovery, Phytochemistry, 68, 954, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.01.012

Tan, 2010, Filametnous tropical marine cyanobacteria: a rich source of natural products for anticancer drug discovery, J. Appl. Phycol., 22, 659, 10.1007/s10811-010-9506-x

Te, 2011, The dynamics of cyanobacteria and microcystin production in a tropical reservoir of Singapore, Harmful Algae, 10, 319, 10.1016/j.hal.2010.11.006

Thomas, 1999, The seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide in Baltic Sea surface water, J. Mar. Syst., 22, 53, 10.1016/S0924-7963(99)00030-5

Thompson, 2009, The influence of light quality on akinete formation and germination in the toxic cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis, Harmful Algae, 8, 504, 10.1016/j.hal.2008.10.004

Tillett, 2000, Structural organization of microcystin biosynthesis in Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806: an integrated peptide-polyketide synthetise system, Chem. Biol., 7, 753, 10.1016/S1074-5521(00)00021-1

Tonk, 2007

Tonk, 2007, Salt tolerance of the harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 46, 117, 10.3354/ame046117

Trimbee, 1987, Evaluation of total phosphorus as a predictor of relative biomass of blue-green algae with an emphasis on Alberta lakes, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 44, 1337, 10.1139/f87-158

Tsujimura, 2003, Development of Anabaena blooms in a small reservoir with dense sediment akinete population, with special reference to temperature and irradiance, J. Plankton Res., 25, 1059, 10.1093/plankt/25.9.1059

Uehlinger, 1981, Zur Ökologie der planktischen Blaualge Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in Aplenrandseen, Schweiz. Z. Hydrol., 43, 69, 10.1007/BF02502473

Utkilen, 1995, Iron-stimulated toxin production in Microcystis aeruginosa, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 61, 797, 10.1128/AEM.61.2.797-800.1995

Vahtera, 2007, Internal ecosystem feedbacks enhance nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria blooms and complicate management in the Baltic Sea, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 36, 186

Vahtera, 2010, Phosphate addition to phosphorus-deficient Baltic Sea plankton communities benefits nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 60, 43, 10.3354/ame01408

Van de Waal, 2011, Reversal in competitive dominance of a toxic versus non-toxic cyanobacterium in response to rising CO2, ISME J., 1

Vanderploeg, 2001, Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) selective filtration promoted toxic Microcystis blooms in Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) and Lake Erie, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 58, 1208, 10.1139/f01-066

Vézie, 2002, Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth of toxic and nontoxic Microcystis strains and on intracellular microcystin concentrations, Microb. Ecol., 43, 443, 10.1007/s00248-001-0041-9

Villareal, 1995, Abundance and photosynthetic characteristics of Trichodesmium spp. along the Atlantic Barrier Reef at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. P.Z.S.N.1, Mar. Ecol., 16, 259, 10.1111/j.1439-0485.1995.tb00410.x

Viney, 2007, Modelling adaptive management strategies for coping with the impacts of climate variability and change on riverine algal blooms, Global Change Biol., 13, 2463, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01443.x

Vintila, 2010, Variability in the response of the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena to nitrogen supplementation, J. Eviron. Monit., 12, 1885, 10.1039/c002863k

Visser, 1995, Autumnal sedimentation of Microcystis spp. as result of an increase in carbohydrate ballast at reduced temperature, J. Plankton Res., 17, 919, 10.1093/plankt/17.5.919

Visser, 1997, Modelling vertical migration of the cyanobacterium Microcystis, Hydrobiologia, 349, 99, 10.1023/A:1003001713560

Vogel, 1996

Volterra, 2000, Algae as biomarkers, bioaccumulation and toxin producers, Int. J. Environ. Poll., 13, 92, 10.1504/IJEP.2000.002312

Vuorio, 2005, Phytoplankton community responses to nutrient and iron enrichment under different nitrogen to phosphorus ratios in the northern Baltic Sea, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 322, 39, 10.1016/j.jembe.2005.02.006

Wagner, 2009, Cyanobacteria dominance: quantifying the effects of climate change, Limnol. Oceanogr., 54, 2460, 10.4319/lo.2009.54.6_part_2.2460

Wall C.C., Rodgers B.S., Gobler, C.J., Peterson B.J., (2011). Survival and suspension feeding by loggerhead sponges (Spheciospongia vesparium) during harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a shallow sub-tropical lagoon, Florida Bay, FL, USA. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., in press.

Walters, 1992, Experimental policies for water management in the Everglades, Ecol. Appl., 2, 189, 10.2307/1941775

Wallström, 1988, The occurrence of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (Cyanophyceae) in a nutrient gradient in the Baltic, Kiel. Meeresforsch. Sonderh., 6, 210

Wallström, 1992, Effect of nutrient enrichment on planktonic blue-green algae in the Baltic Sea, Acta Phytogeogr. Suec., 78, 25

Walsby, 1975, Gas vesicles, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol., 26, 427, 10.1146/annurev.pp.26.060175.002235

Walsby, 1997, The selective advantage of buoyancy provided by gas vesicles for planktonic cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea, New Phytol., 136, 407, 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00754.x

Walsh, 2001, Saharan dust and Florida red tides: the cyanophyte connection, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 106, 11597, 10.1029/1999JC000123

Wang, 2008, Neurotoxins from marine dinoflagellates: a brief review, Mar. Drugs, 6, 349, 10.3390/md6020349

Watanabe, 1985, Effects of environmental factors on toxicity of a cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa) under culture conditions, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 49, 1342, 10.1128/AEM.49.5.1342-1344.1985

Waterbury, J.B., Watson, S.W., Valois, F.W., Franks, D.G., 1986. Biological and ecological characterization of the marine unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechococcus (pp. 71–121). In: T. Platt, W.K.W. Li (Eds.), Photosynthetic Picoplankton. Can. Bull. Fish. Aq. Sci. Publ., 214.

Watkinson, 2005, Ecophysiology of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula (Oscillatoriacea), Harmful Algae, 4, 697, 10.1016/j.hal.2004.09.001

Watson, 1997, Patterns in phytoplankton taxonomic composition across temperate lakes of differing nutrient status, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 487, 10.4319/lo.1997.42.3.0487

Welker, 2003, Toxic Microcystis in shallow Lake Müggelsee (Germany): dynamics, distribution, diversity, Arch. Hydrobiol., 157, 227, 10.1127/0003-9136/2003/0157-0227

Welker, 2007, Seasonal shifts in chemotype composition of Microcystis sp. communities in the pelagial and the sediment of a shallow reservoir, Limnol. Oceanogr., 52, 609, 10.4319/lo.2007.52.2.0609

Westwood, 2004, Effect of mixing patterns and light dose on growth of Anabaena circinalis in a turbid, lowland river, River Res. Appl., 20, 115, 10.1002/rra.725

Westwood, 2004, Effect of cell floatation on growth on Anabaena circinalis under diurnally stratified conditions, J. Plankton Res., 26, 1183, 10.1093/plankt/fbh108

Wetzel, 2001

Whitton, 2000, Introduction to the Cyanobacteria, 1

Wicks, 1990, Environmental factors affecting the production of peptide toxins in floating scums of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa in a hypertrophic African reservoir, Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, 1413, 10.1021/es00079a017

Wiedner, 2007, Climate change affects timing and size of populations of an invasive cyanobacterium in temperate regions, Oecologia, 152, 473, 10.1007/s00442-007-0683-5

Wiedner, 2008, Seasonal changes of cylindrospermopsin and cyanobacteria in two German lakes, Toxicon, 52, 677, 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.07.017

Wilhelm, 2003, Effects of phosphorus amendments on present day plankton communities in pelagic Lake Erie, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 32, 275, 10.3354/ame032275

Wood, 2003, First identification of the cylindrospermopsin producing cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in New Zealand, N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res., 37, 821, 10.1080/00288330.2003.9517211

Wood, 2010, Low dissolved inorganic nitrogen and increased heterocyte frequency: precursors to Anabaena planktonica blooms in a temperate, eutrophic reservoir, J. Plankton Res., 32, 1315, 10.1093/plankt/fbq048

Wood, 2011, Switching toxin production on and off: intermittent microcystin synthesis in a Microcystis bloom, Environ. Microbiol. Rep., 3, 118, 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2010.00196.x

Wulff, 2007, Management options and the effects on a marine ecosystem: assessing the future of the Baltic Sea, Ambio, 36, 243, 10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[243:MOAEOA]2.0.CO;2

Yang, 2003, Effects of CO2 concentrations on the freshwater microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus (Chlorophyta), J. Appl. Phycol., 15, 379, 10.1023/A:1026021021774

Yasumoto, 1998, Fish poisoning due to toxins of microalgal origins in the Pacific, Toxicon, 36, 1515, 10.1016/S0041-0101(98)00142-1

Yasumoto, 1993, Marine toxins, Chem. Rev., 189, 1097

Yılmaz, 2008, A comparative study of Florida strains of Cylindrospermopsis and Aphanizomenon for cylindrospermopsin production, Toxicon, 51, 130, 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.08.013

Zillén, 2008, Past occurrences of hypoxia in the Baltic Sea and the role of climate variability, environmental change and human impact, Earth Sci. Rev., 91, 77, 10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.10.001

Zillén, 2010, Hypoxia and cyanobacteria blooms—are they really natural features of the late Holocene history of the Baltic Sea?, Biogeosciences, 7, 2567, 10.5194/bg-7-2567-2010

Zwirglmaier, 2008, Global phylogeography of marine Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus reveals a distinct partitioning of lineagaes among oceanic biomes, Environ. Microbiol., 10, 147, 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01440.x