The return to education in terms of wealth and health

Journal of the Economics of Ageing - Tập 12 - Trang 1-14 - 2018
Holger Strulik1
1University of Göttingen, Department of Economics, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 3, 37073 Göttingen, Germany

Tài liệu tham khảo

Arking, 2006 Barro, 1995, Capital mobility in neoclassical models of growth, Am. Econ. Rev., 85, 103 Becker, 1965, A theory of the allocation of time, Econ. J., 75, 493, 10.2307/2228949 Ben-Porath, 1967, The production of human capital and the life cycle of earnings, J. Political Economy, 75, 352, 10.1086/259291 Bijwaard, 2015, Education and health: the role of cognitive ability, J. Health Econ., 42, 29, 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.003 Bils, 2000, Does schooling cause growth?, Am. Econ. Rev., 90, 1160, 10.1257/aer.90.5.1160 BLS, 2002, Consumer Expenditures in 2000, United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Report 958. BLS, 2011, State average annual pay for 2000 and 2001, United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics ( http://www.bls.gov/news.release/annpay.t01.htm). Browning, 2009, Consumption and children, Rev. Econ. Stat., 91, 93, 10.1162/rest.91.1.93 Brunello, 2016, The causal effect of education on health: what is the role of health behaviors, Health Econ., 25, 314, 10.1002/hec.3141 Calvin, 2011, Intelligence in youth and all-cause-mortality: systematic review with meta-analysis, Int. J. Epidemiol., 40, 626, 10.1093/ije/dyq190 Card, 1999, The causal effect of education on earnings, vol. 3, 1801 Case, 2005, Broken down by work and sex: how our health declines Cervellati, 2005, Human capital formation, life expectancy, and the process of development, Am. Econ. Rev., 95, 1653, 10.1257/000282805775014380 Chaloupka, 2000, The economics of smoking, vol. 1, 1539 Chetty, 2006, A new method of estimating risk aversion, Am. Econ. Rev., 96, 1821, 10.1257/aer.96.5.1821 Conti, 2010, The education-health gradient, Am. Econ. Rev., 100, 234, 10.1257/aer.100.2.234 Contoyannis, 2004, Socio-economic status, health and lifestyle, J. Health Econ., 23, 965, 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2004.02.001 Cutler, D.M., Lleras-Muney, A., 2006, Education and health: Evaluating theories and evidence, NBER Working Paper 12352. Cutler, 2011, Socioeconomic status and health: dimensions and mechanisms, 124 Cutler, 2010, Understanding differences in health behaviors by education, J. Health Econ., 29, 1, 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2009.10.003 Cutler, D.M., Lange, F., Meara, E., Richards, S., Ruhm, C.J., 2010, Explaining the rise in educational gradients in mortality, NBER Working Paper 15678. Dalgaard, 2014, Optimal aging and death, J. Eur. Econ. Assoc., 12, 672, 10.1111/jeea.12071 Dalgaard, 2017, The genesis of the golden age – Accounting for the rise in health and leisure, Rev. Econ. Dyn., 24, 132, 10.1016/j.red.2017.01.005 Deary, 2008, Why do intelligent people live longer?, Nature, 456, 175, 10.1038/456175a Department of Transportation (2014), Treatment of the Value of Preventing Fatalies and Injuries in Preparing Economic Analysis ( www.dot.gov/policy). Der, 2009, The association between IQ in adolescence and a range of health outcomes at 40 in the 1979 US National Longitudinal Study of Youth, Intelligence, 37, 573, 10.1016/j.intell.2008.12.002 Ehrlich, 1990, A model of the demand for longevity and the value of life extension, J. Political Economy, 98, 761, 10.1086/261705 Elo, 1996, Educational differentials in mortality: United States, 1979–1985, Social Sci. Med., 42, 47, 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00062-3 French, 2005, The effects of health, wealth, and wages on labour supply and retirement behaviour, Rev. Econ. Stud., 72, 395, 10.1111/j.1467-937X.2005.00337.x Fries, 1980, Aging, natural death, and the compression of morbidity, N. Engl. J. Med., 303, 130, 10.1056/NEJM198007173030304 Fujiwara, 2009, Is education causally related to better health? A twin fixed-effect study in the USA, Int. J. Epidemiol., 38, 1310, 10.1093/ije/dyp226 Gavrilov, 1991 Glied, 2008, Technological innovation and inequality in health, Demography, 45, 741, 10.1353/dem.0.0017 Grossman, 1972, On the concept of health capital and the demand for health, J. Political Economy, 80, 223, 10.1086/259880 Grossman, 2006, Education and nonmarket outcomes, vol. 1, 577 Hall, 1999, Why do some countries produce so much more output per worker than others?, Quart. J. Econ., 114, 83, 10.1162/003355399555954 Hall, 2007, The value of life and the rise in health spending, Q. J. Econ., 122, 39, 10.1162/qjec.122.1.39 Harmon, 2003, Dispersion in the economic return to schooling, Labour Econ., 10, 205, 10.1016/S0927-5371(03)00003-4 Harttgen, 2013, Patterns in disability and frailty in older adults: results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), PlosOne, 8, 10.1371/journal.pone.0075847 Hazan, 2009, Longevity and lifetime labor supply: evidence and implications, Econometrica, 77, 1829, 10.3982/ECTA8107 Heckman, 2001, Identifying the role of cognitive ability in explaining the level of and change in the return of schooling, Rev. Econ. Stat., 83, 1, 10.1162/003465301750159993 Heckman, 2006, Skill formation and the economics of investing in disadvantaged children, Science, 312, 1900, 10.1126/science.1128898 Heckman, J.J., Humphries, J.E., Veramendi, G., 2016, Returns to Education: The Causal Effects of Education on Earnings health and smoking, Working Paper, University of Chicago. Hokayem, 2014, Health, human capital, and life cycle labor supply, Am. Econ. Rev., 104, 127, 10.1257/aer.104.5.127 Hong, K., Savelyev, P., Tan, K.T., 2015, Understanding the Mechanisms Linking Cognitive Skills, Socioemotional Skills, and College Education with Longevity, Working Paper, Vanderbilt University. Jaeckle, 2010, Health and Wages Panel data estimates considering selection and endogeneity, J. Human Resour., 45, 364, 10.3368/jhr.45.2.364 Jorgenson, 2008, A retrospective look at the US productivity growth resurgence, J. Econ. Perspect., 22, 3, 10.1257/jep.22.1.3 Kaestner, 2011, Adolescent cognitive and noncognitive correlates of adult health, J. Human Capital, 5, 29, 10.1086/660082 Katz, 1999, Changes in the wage structure and earnings inequality, Handbook Labor Econ., 3, 1463, 10.1016/S1573-4463(99)03007-2 Keehan, 2004, Age estimates in the National Health Accounts, Health Care Financing Rev., 1, 1 Kenkel, 1991, Health behavior, health knowledge, and schooling, J. Political Economy, 99, 287, 10.1086/261751 Lleras-Muney, 2005, The relationship between education and adult mortality in the United States, Rev. Econ. Stud., 72, 189, 10.1111/0034-6527.00329 Lundborg, 2013, The health returns to schooling – what can we learn from twins, J. Popul. Econ., 26, 673, 10.1007/s00148-012-0429-5 Mackenbach, 2008, Socioeconomic inequalities in health in 22 European countries, N. Engl. J. Med., 358, 2468, 10.1056/NEJMsa0707519 McFadden, 2005, Comment Meara, 2004, Trends in medical spending by age, 1963–2000, Health Aff., 23, 176, 10.1377/hlthaff.23.4.176 Meara, 2008, The gap gets bigger: changes in mortality and life expectancy, by education, 1981–2000, Health Aff., 27, 350, 10.1377/hlthaff.27.2.350 Mitnitski, 2002, The accumulation of deficits with age and possible invariants of aging, Scientific World, 2, 1816, 10.1100/tsw.2002.861 Mitnitski, 2002, The mortality rate as a function of accumulated deficits in a frailty index, Mech. Ageing Dev., 123, 1457, 10.1016/S0047-6374(02)00082-9 Mitnitski, 2005, Relative fitness and frailty of elderly men and women in developed countries and their relationship with mortality, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 53, 2184, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00506.x Mitnitski, 2006, Going from bad to worse: a stochastic model of transitions in deficit accumulation, in relation to mortality, Mech. Ageing Dev., 127, 490, 10.1016/j.mad.2006.01.007 Murnane, 1995, The growing importance of cognitive skills in wage determination, Rev. Econ. Stat., 77, 251, 10.2307/2109863 Murphy, 1990, Empirical age-earnings profiles, J. Labor Econ., 8, 202, 10.1086/298220 Murphy, 2006, The value of health and longevity, J. Political Economy, 114, 871, 10.1086/508033 Oreopoulos, 2006, Estimating average and local average treatment effects of education when compulsory schooling laws really matter, Am. Econ. Rev., 96, 152, 10.1257/000282806776157641 Preston, 2010, Contribution of smoking to international differences in life expectancy, 105 Psacharopoulos, 1994, Returns to investment in education: a global update, World Dev., 22, 1325, 10.1016/0305-750X(94)90007-8 Richards, 1998, U.S. life tables for 1990 by sex, race, and education, J. Forensic Econ., 11, 9, 10.5085/jfe.11.1.9 Rockwood, 2007, Frailty in relation to the accumulation of deficits, J. Gerontol. Ser. A: Biol. Med. Sci., 62, 722, 10.1093/gerona/62.7.722 Sasson, 2016, Trends in life expectancy and lifespan variation by educational attainment: United States, 1990–2010, Demography, 53, 269, 10.1007/s13524-015-0453-7 Schaie, 1994, The course of adult intellectual development, Am. Psychol., 49, 304, 10.1037/0003-066X.49.4.304 Schünemann, 2017, Going from bad to worse: adaptation to poor health, health spending, longevity, and the value of life, J. Econ. Behavior Organ., 140, 130, 10.1016/j.jebo.2017.02.018 Schünemann, 2017, The gender gap in mortality: how much is explained by behavior?, J. Health Econ., 54, 79, 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.04.002 Strulik, 2014, A mass phenomenon: the social evolution of obesity, J. Health Econ., 33, 113, 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2013.10.007 Strulik, 2015, A closed-form solution for the health capital model, J. Demographic Econ., 81, 301, 10.1017/dem.2015.4 Strulik, 2015, Frailty, mortality, and the demand for medical care, J. Econ. Ageing, 6, 5, 10.1016/j.jeoa.2015.09.001 Strulik, 2017, The health hump, J. Demographic Econ., 83, 245, 10.1017/dem.2017.6 Strulik, H., 2017. Smoking Kills: An Economic Theory of Addiction, Health Deficit Accumulation, and Longevity, cege Discussion Paper 316. Strulik, 2016, 50 is the new 30 – Long-run trends of schooling and retirement explained by human aging, J. Econ. Growth, 21, 165, 10.1007/s10887-015-9124-1 Turner, 2007, Education and income of the states of the United States: 1840–2000, J. Econ. Growth, 12, 101, 10.1007/s10887-007-9016-0 Zellner, 1969, On the aggregation problem: a new approach to a troublesome problem