The relationship between social anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorders: A critical review

Abrams, 2001, The pharmacologic and expectancy effects of alcohol on social anxiety in individuals with social phobia, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 64, 219, 10.1016/S0376-8716(01)00125-9

Abrams, 2004, The moderating effects of tension-reduction alcohol outcome expectancies on placebo responding in individuals with social phobia, Addictive Behaviors, 29, 1221, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.03.020

Abrams, 2002, Self-administration of alcohol before and after a public speaking challenge by individuals with social phobia, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 16, 121, 10.1037/0893-164X.16.2.121

Abrams, 1979, Effects of alcohol on social anxiety in women: Cognitive versus physiological processes, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88, 161, 10.1037/0021-843X.88.2.161

Addictive Behaviors Research Center (1997). Alcohol Uses Questionnaire. Unpublished questionnaire, Addictive Behaviors Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

American Psychiatric Association, 2000

Ballenger, 1998, Consensus statement on social anxiety disorder from the international consensus group on depression and anxiety, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59, 54

Baron, 1986, The moderator–mediator variables distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173, 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173

Beidel, 1998

Bennett, 1993, Identifying young adult substance abusers: The Rutgers Collegiate Substance Abuse Screening Test, Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 54, 522, 10.15288/jsa.1993.54.522

Brown, 1980, Expectations of reinforcement from alcohol: Their domain and relation to drinking patterns, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 419, 10.1037/0022-006X.48.4.419

Bruch, 1992, Shyness, alcohol expectancies, and alcohol use: Discovery of a suppressor effect, Journal of Research in Personality, 26, 137, 10.1016/0092-6566(92)90050-E

Bruch, 1997, Shyness, alcohol expectancies, and drinking behavior: Replication and extension of a suppressor effect, Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 193, 10.1016/S0191-8869(96)00190-0

Burke, 1999, Social anxiety and drinking in college students: A social cognitive theory analysis, Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 513, 10.1016/S0272-7358(98)00058-0

Carrigan, 2003, Self-medication in social phobia: A review of the alcohol literature, Addictive Behaviors, 28, 269, 10.1016/S0306-4603(01)00235-0

Chartier, 2003, Considering co-morbidity in social phobia, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, 728, 10.1007/s00127-003-0720-6

Cheek, 1983

Chilcoat, 1998, Investigations of causal pathways between PTSD and drug use disorders, Addictive Behaviors, 23, 827, 10.1016/S0306-4603(98)00069-0

Christiansen, 1983, Alcohol-related expectancies versus demographic/background variables in the prediction of adolescent drinking, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 249, 10.1037/0022-006X.51.2.249

Christiansen, 1982, The development of alcohol-related expectancies in adolescents: Separating pharmacological from social learning influences, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 336, 10.1037/0022-006X.50.3.336

Chutuape, 1995, Preferences for ethanol and diazepam in anxious individuals: An evaluation of the self-medication hypothesis, Psychopharmacology, 121, 91, 10.1007/BF02245595

Conger, 1951, The effects of alcohol on conflict behavior in the albino rat, Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 12, 1, 10.15288/qjsa.1951.12.001

Conger, 1956, Reinforcement theory and the dynamics of alcoholism, Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 17, 296, 10.15288/qjsa.1956.17.296

Cooper, 1994, Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: Development and validation of a four-factor model, Psychological Assessment, 6, 117, 10.1037/1040-3590.6.2.117

Cooper, 1992, Stress and alcohol use: Moderating effects of gender, coping, and alcohol expectancies, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 139, 10.1037/0021-843X.101.1.139

Conrod, P. J., & Stewart, S. H. (in press). A critical look at dual-focused cognitive-behavioural treatment for co-morbid substance abuse and psychiatric disorders: Strengths, limitations and future directions. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy.

Conrod, P. J., Stewart, S. H., Comeau, M. N., Maclean, M. (submitted for publication). Preventative efficacy of cognitive behavioral strategies targeting personality risk factors for youth alcohol misuse. Manuscript.

Crum, 2001, Risk of heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders in social phobia: A prospective analysis, American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1693, 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1693

Davidson, 1998, Pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59, 47

Davidson, 1993, The epidemiology of social phobia: Findings from the Duke Epidemiological Catchment Area Study, Psychological Medicine, 23, 709, 10.1017/S0033291700025484

Del Boca, 2002, Advancing the expectancy concept via the interplay between theory and research, Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 26, 926, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02623.x

DiNardo, P. A. & Barlow, D. H. (1988). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Revised (ADIS-R). Albany, NY: Center for Stress and Anxiety Disorders, University at Albany, State University of New York.

Eggleston, 2004, Social anxiety and alcohol use: Evaluation of the moderating and mediating effects of alcohol expectancies, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 18, 33, 10.1016/j.janxdis.2003.07.005

Finn, 1988, Risk for alcoholism: A comparison between two different groups of sons of alcoholics on cardiovascular reactivity and sensitivity to alcohol, Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 12, 742, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb01338.x

Foa, 1986, Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information, Psychological Bulletin, 99, 20, 10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20

Goldman, 1999, Alcohol expectancy theory: The application of cognitive neuroscience, 203

Greeley, 1999, Alcohol and tension reduction, 203

Ham, 2002, Alcohol expectancies and drinking behavior in adults with social anxiety disorder and dysthymia, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 275, 10.1023/A:1014582005745

Ham, L. S., Carrigan, M. H., Moak, D., & Randall, C. L. (in press). Social anxiety and specificity of positive alcohol expectancies: Preliminary findings. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment.

Ham, 2005, Incorporating social anxiety into a model of college problematic drinking, Addictive Behaviors, 30, 127, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.04.018

Heckelman, 1995, Diagnostic issues, 3

Herbert, 1995, An overview of the current status of social phobia, Applied and Preventive Psychology, 4, 39, 10.1016/S0962-1849(05)80050-2

Himle, 1999, Effect of alcohol on social phobic anxiety, American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1237, 10.1176/ajp.156.8.1237

Holle, 1995, Alcohol and caffeine use by social phobics: An initial inquiry into drinking patterns and behavior, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 561, 10.1016/0005-7967(94)00084-W

Jones, 1986, Shyness: Conceptualization and measurement, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 629, 10.1037/0022-3514.51.3.629

Jones, 2001, A review of expectancy theory and alcohol consumption, Addiction, 96, 57, 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.961575.x

Kendall, 2004, Child anxiety treatment: Outcomes in adolescence and impact on substance use and depression at 7.4-year follow-up, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 276, 10.1037/0022-006X.72.2.276

Kessler, 1997, Lifetime co-occurrence of DSM-III-R alcohol abuse and dependence with other psychiatric disorders in the National Co-morbidity Survey, Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 313, 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830160031005

Kessler, 1994, Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Co-morbidity Study, Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 8, 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002

Kessler, 1998, Social phobia subtypes in the National Co-morbidity Survey, American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 613, 10.1176/ajp.155.5.613

Khantzian, 1985, The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: Focus on heroin and cocaine dependence, American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 1259, 10.1176/ajp.142.11.1259

Kidorf, 1999, Effects of social anxiety and alcohol expectancies on stress-induced drinking, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 13, 134, 10.1037/0893-164X.13.2.134

Kushner, 2000, The relationship between anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorders: A review of major perspectives and findings, Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 149, 10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00027-6

Kushner, 1990, The relation between alcohol problems and the anxiety disorders, American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 685, 10.1176/ajp.147.6.685

Kushner, 1994, Anxiety and drinking behavior: Moderating effects of tension-reduction alcohol outcome expectancies, Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 18, 852, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00050.x

Kushner, 1993, Co-morbidity of alcohol and anxiety disorders among college students: Effects of gender and family history of alcoholism, Addictive Behaviors, 18, 543, 10.1016/0306-4603(93)90070-P

Leary, 1986, The impact of interactional impediments on social anxiety and self-presentation, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22, 122, 10.1016/0022-1031(86)90032-6

Leary, 1983, A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 371, 10.1177/0146167283093007

Leigh, 1989, Attitudes and expectancies as predictors of drinking habits: A comparison of three scales, Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 50, 432, 10.15288/jsa.1989.50.432

Leigh, 1987, Beliefs about the effects of alcohol on self and others, Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 48, 467, 10.15288/jsa.1987.48.467

Leigh, 1987, Evaluations of alcohol expectancies: Do they add to prediction of drinking patterns?, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 1, 135, 10.1037/h0080452

Lewis, 2000, Alcohol expectancies and social deficits relating to problem drinking among college students, Addictive Behaviors, 25, 295, 10.1016/S0306-4603(99)00063-5

Liappas, 2003, Alcohol detoxification and social anxiety symptoms: A preliminary study of the impact of mirtazapine administration, Journal of Affective Disorders, 76, 279, 10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00094-0

MacLatchy-Gaudet, 2001, The context-specific positive alcohol outcome expectancies of university women, Addictive Behaviors, 26, 31, 10.1016/S0306-4603(00)00080-0

Magee, 1996, Agoraphobia, simple phobia, and social phobia in the national comorbidity survey, Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 159, 10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830020077009

Maney, 1990, Predicting university student's use of alcoholic beverages, Journal of College Student Development, 31, 23

Marks, 1970, The classification of phobic disorders, British Journal of Psychiatry, 116, 377, 10.1192/bjp.116.533.377

Marshall, 1994, The diagnosis and treatment of social phobia and alcohol abuse, Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 58, A58

Mattick, 1998, Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 455, 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)10031-6

McCreary, 1998, Stress, drinking, and the adverse consequences of drinking in two samples of young adults, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 12, 247, 10.1037/0893-164X.12.4.247

Merikangas, 1995, Co-morbidity and social phobia: Evidence from clinical, epidemiologic, and genetic studies, European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 244, 297, 10.1007/BF02190407

Morris, E. P, Stewart, S. H., Theakston, J., and Mellings, T. (2004). Relations of social anxiety variables to drinking motives, levels, and problems in young adult drinkers. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Anxiety Disorders Association of America, Miami, FL, March.

Pihl, 1979, Alcohol consumption in male social drinkers as a function of situationally-induced depressive affect and anxiety, Psychopharmacology, 65, 251, 10.1007/BF00492212

Pohorecky, 1987, Characteristics of the interaction of ethanol and stress, 75

1993, Project MATCH: Rationale and methods for a multisite clinical trial matching patients to alcoholism treatment, Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 17, 1130, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1993.tb05219.x

Rachman, 1984, Anxiety disorders: Some emerging theories, Journal of Behavioral Assessment, 6, 281, 10.1007/BF01321322

Randall, 2000, Gender comparison in alcoholics with concurrent social phobia: Implications for alcoholism treatment, American Journal on Addictions, 9, 202, 10.1080/10550490050148035

Randall, 2001, Concurrent alcoholism and social anxiety disorder: A first step toward developing effective treatments, Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 25, 210, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02201.x

Randall, 2001, Paroxetine for social anxiety and alcohol use in dual-diagnosed patients, Depression and Anxiety, 14, 255, 10.1002/da.1077

Ross, 1988, The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with alcohol and other drug problems, Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 1023, 10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800350057008

Schade, 2003, Do co-morbid anxiety disorders in alcohol-dependent patients need specific treatment to prevent relapse?, Alcohol and Alcoholism, 38, 255, 10.1093/alcalc/agg062

Schneier, 1992, Social phobia: Co-morbidity and morbidity in an epidemiologic sample, Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 282, 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820040034004

Schneier, 1989, Alcohol abuse in social phobia, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 3, 15, 10.1016/0887-6185(89)90025-X

Schuckit, 1994, Alcohol dependence and anxiety disorders: What is the relationship?, American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1723, 10.1176/ajp.151.12.1723

Selzer, 1971, The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test: The quest for a new diagnostic instrument, American Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 1653, 10.1176/ajp.127.12.1653

Sher, 1982, Risk for alcoholism and individual differences in the stress–response-dampening effect of alcohol, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 91, 350, 10.1037/0021-843X.91.5.350

Stein, 2000, Social phobia symptoms, subtypes, and severity: Findings from a community survey, Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 1046, 10.1001/archpsyc.57.11.1046

Stewart, 1996, Alcohol abuse in individuals exposed to trauma: A critical review, Psychological Bulletin, 120, 83, 10.1037/0033-2909.120.1.83

Thevos, 2000, Cognitive behavioral therapy delays relapse in female socially phobic alcoholics, Addictive Behaviors, 25, 333, 10.1016/S0306-4603(99)00067-2

Thomas, 2003, Drinking to cope in socially anxious individuals: A controlled study, Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 27, 1937, 10.1097/01.ALC.0000100942.30743.8C

Thomas, 1999, Alcoholics with and without social phobia: A comparison of substance use and psychiatric variables, Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 60, 472, 10.15288/jsa.1999.60.472

Tran, 2002, Coping responses and alcohol outcome expectancies in alcohol abusing and non-abusing social phobics, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 1, 10.1023/A:1013803803192

Tran, 1997, Expecting that alcohol use will reduce social anxiety moderates the relation between social anxiety and alcohol consumption, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21, 535, 10.1023/A:1021857402164

Turner, 1986, Psychopathology of social phobia and comparison to avoidant personality disorder, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 389, 10.1037/0021-843X.95.4.389

Wall, 2000, Assessing variation in alcohol outcome expectancies across environmental context: An examination of the situational-specificity hypothesis, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 14, 367, 10.1037/0893-164X.14.4.367

Watson, 1969, Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 448, 10.1037/h0027806

White, 1989, Towards the assessment of adolescent problem drinking, Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 50, 30, 10.15288/jsa.1989.50.30

Wilson, 1989, Alcohol and anxiety reduction in female social drinkers, Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 50, 226, 10.15288/jsa.1989.50.226

Young, 1989, The Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire: A revised measure of alcohol-related beliefs, Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 11, 99, 10.1007/BF00962702

Zarantonello, 1986, Expectations for reinforcement from alcohol use in a clinical sample, Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 47, 485, 10.15288/jsa.1986.47.485

Zilberman, 2003, Substance use disorders: Sex differences and psychiatric co-morbidities, Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 48, 5, 10.1177/070674370304800103