The proprotein convertases

Rouillé, 1995, Proteolytic processing mechanism in the biosynthesis of neuroendocrine peptides: the subtilisin-like proprotein convertases, Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 16, 322, 10.1006/frne.1995.1012

Seidah, 1994, The family of subtilisin/kexin like pro-protein and pro-hormone convertases: divergent or shared functions, Biochimie, 76, 197, 10.1016/0300-9084(94)90147-3

Hook, 1994, Proteases and the emerging role of protease inhibitors in prohormone processing, FASEB J, 8, 1269, 10.1096/fasebj.8.15.8001739

Smeekens, 1993, Processing of protein precursors by a novel family of subtilisin-related mammalian endoproteases, Bio/Technology, 11, 182, 10.1038/nbt0293-182

Meerabaux, 1996, A new member of the proprotein convertase gene family (LPC) is located at a chromosome translocation breakpoint in lymphomas, Cancer Res, 56, 448

Seidah, 1996, cDNA structure, tissue distribution, and chromosomal localization of rat PC7, a novel mammalian proprotein convertase closest to yeast kexin-like proteinases, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93, 3388, 10.1073/pnas.93.8.3388

Bruzzaniti, 1996, PC8, a new member of the convertase family, Biochem J, 314, 727, 10.1042/bj3140727

Molloy, 1994, Intracellular trafficking and activation of the furin proprotein convertase: localization to the TGN and recycling from the cell surface, EMBO J, 13, 18, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06231.x

Jones, 1995, Intracellular trafficking of furin is modulated by the phosphorylation state of a casein kinase II site in its cytoplasmic tail, EMBO J, 14, 5869, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00275.x

Schäfer, 1995, Two independent targeting signals in the cytoplasmic domain determine trans- Golgi network localization and endosomal trafficking of the proprotein convertase furin, EMBO J, 14, 2424, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07240.x

Duguay, 1997, Processing of wild- type and mutant proinsulin-like growth factor-IA by subtilisin-related proprotein convertases, J Biol Chem, 272, 6663, 10.1074/jbc.272.10.6663

Bravo, 1994, Accurate and efficient cleavage of the human insulin proreceptor by the human proprotein-processing protease furin, J Biol Chem, 269, 25830, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47322-X

Takahashi, 1995, A second mutant allele of furin in the processing-incompetent cell line, LoVo, J Biol Chem, 270, 26565, 10.1074/jbc.270.44.26565

Inocencio, 1997, Endoprotease activities other than furin and PACE4 with a role in processing of HIV-I gp160 glycoproteins in CHO-K1 cells, J Biol Chem, 272, 1344, 10.1074/jbc.272.2.1344

Miranda, 1996, Franzusoff A: Isolation of the human PC6 gene encoding the putative host protease for HIV-1 gp160 processing in CD4+ T lymphocytes, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93, 7695, 10.1073/pnas.93.15.7695

Redding, 1996, The effects of clathrin inactivation on localization of kex2 protease are independent of the TGN localization signal in the cytosolic tail of kex2p, Mol Biol Cell, 7, 1667, 10.1091/mbc.7.11.1667

Redding, 1996, Allele-specific suppression of a defective trans-Golgi network (TGN) localization signal in kex2p identifies three genes involved in localization of TGN transmembrane proteins, Mol Cell Biol, 16, 6208, 10.1128/MCB.16.11.6208

Dittié, 1997, Interaction of furin in immature secretory granules from neuroendocrine cells with the AP-1 adaptor complex is modulated by casein kinase II phosphorylation, EMBO J, 16, 4859, 10.1093/emboj/16.16.4859

Arvan, 1992, Protein sorting and secretion granule formation in regulated secretory cells, Trends Cell Biol, 2, 327, 10.1016/0962-8924(92)90181-L

Arvan, 1997, Differential sorting of lysosomal enzymes out of the regulated secretory pathway in pancreatic beta-cells, J Cell Biol, 137, 595, 10.1083/jcb.137.3.595

Anderson, 1997, Activation of the furin endoprotease is a multiple-step process: requirements for acidification and internal propeptide cleavage, EMBO J, 16, 1508, 10.1093/emboj/16.7.1508

Braks, 1994, 7B2 is a neuroendocrine chaperone that transiently interacts with prohormone convertase PC2 in the secretory pathway, Cell, 78, 263, 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90296-8

Benjannet, 1995, 7B2 is a specific intracellular binding protein of the prohormone convertase PC2, J Neurochem, 64, 2303, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64052303.x

Zhu, 1995, 7B2 facilitates the maturation of proPC2 in neuroendocrine cells and is required for the expression of enzymatic activity, J Cell Biol, 129, 1641, 10.1083/jcb.129.6.1641

Muller, 1997, Mechanism of the facilitation of PC2 maturation by 7B2: involvement in proPC2 transport and activation but not folding, J Cell Biol, 139, 625, 10.1083/jcb.139.3.625

Martens, 1994, The neuroendocrine polypeptide 7B2 is an endogenous inhibitor of prohormone convertase PC2, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 91, 5784, 10.1073/pnas.91.13.5784

Van Horssen, 1995, Identification of the region within the neuroendocrine polypeptide 7B2 responsible for the inhibition of prohormone convertase PC2, J Biol Chem, 270, 14292, 10.1074/jbc.270.24.14292

Lindberg, 1995, Enzymatic characterization of immunopurified prohormone convertase 2: potent inhibition by a 7B2 peptide fragment, Biochemistry, 34, 5486, 10.1021/bi00016a020

Zhu, 1996, Internal cleavage of the inhibitory 7B2 carboxyl-terminal peptide by PC2: a potential mechanism for its inactivation, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93, 4919, 10.1073/pnas.93.10.4919

Braks, 1996, Dissociation of the complex between the neuroendocrine chaperone 7B2 and prohormone convertase PC2 is not associated with proPC2 maturation, Eur J Biochem, 238, 505, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0505z.x

Lamango, 1996, Purification and enzymatic characterization of recombinant prohormone convertase 2: stabilization of activity by 21 kDa 7B2, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 330, 238, 10.1006/abbi.1996.0249

Zhu, 1996, Involvement of a polyproline helix-like structure in the interaction of 7B2 with prohormone convertase 2, J Biol Chem, 271, 23582, 10.1074/jbc.271.38.23582

Zhu, 1997, Structural elements of PC2 required for interaction with its helper protein 7B2, J Biol Chem, 273, 1158, 10.1074/jbc.273.2.1158

Benjannet, 1995, Structure-function studies on the biosynthesis and bioactivity of the precursor convertase PC2 and the formation of the PC2/7B2 complex, FEBS Lett, 362, 151, 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00228-2

Spijker, 1997, Identification of a molluscan homologue of the neuroendocrine polypeptide 7B2, J Biol Chem, 272, 4116, 10.1074/jbc.272.7.4116

Furuta, 1997, Defective prohormone processing and altered pancreatic islet morphology in mice lacking active SPC2, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 94, 6646, 10.1073/pnas.94.13.6646

Furuta, 1998, Incomplete processing of proinsulin to insulin accompanied by elevation of des-31,32 proinsulin intermediate in islets of mice lacking active PC2, J Biol Chem, 273, 3431, 10.1074/jbc.273.6.3431

Rouillé, 1995, Differential processing of proglucagon by the subtilisin-like prohormone convertases PC2 and PC3 to generate either glucagon or glucagon-like peptide, J Biol Chem, 270, 26488, 10.1074/jbc.270.44.26488

Rouillé, 1997, Role of the prohormone convertase PC2 in the processing of proglucagon to glucagon, FEBS Lett, 413, 119, 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00892-2

Brand, 1996, Evidence for a major role for glucagon in regulation of plasma glucose in conscious, nondiabetic, and alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits, Diabetes, 45, 1076, 10.2337/diabetes.45.8.1076

Tanaka, 1996, Immunocytochemical localization of prohormone convertases PC1/PC3 and PC2 in rat pancreatic islets, Arch Histol Cytol, 59, 261, 10.1679/aohc.59.261

Hales, 1996, Measurement of insulin and proinsulin, Diabetes Rev, 4, 320

O'Rahilly, 1995, Brief report: impaired processing of prohormones associated with abnormalities of glucose homeostasis and adrenal function, New Engl J Med, 333, 1386, 10.1056/NEJM199511233332104

Jackson, 1997, Obesity and impaired prohormone processing associated with mutations in the human prohormone convertase 1 gene, Nat Genet, 16, 303, 10.1038/ng0797-303

Naggert, 1995, Hyperproinsulinemia in obese fat/fat mice is associated with a point mutation in the carboxypeptidase E gene and reduced carboxypeptidase activity in the pancreatic islets, Nat Genet, 10, 135, 10.1038/ng0695-135

Zhang, 1994, Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue, Nature, 372, 425, 10.1038/372425a0

McGwire, 1995, Extracellular conversion of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to des-Arg53-EGF by carboxypeptidase M, J Biol Chem, 270, 17154, 10.1074/jbc.270.29.17154

Song, 1996, Tissue distribution and characterization of soluble and membrane-bound forms of metallocarboxypeptidase D, J Biol Chem, 271, 28884, 10.1074/jbc.271.46.28884

Song, 1997, Cloning and expression of human carboxypeptidase Z, a novel metallocarboxypeptidase, J Biol Chem, 272, 10543, 10.1074/jbc.272.16.10543

Rovere, 1996, Impaired processing of brain proneurotensin and promelanin-concentrating hormone in obese fat/fat mice, Endocrinology, 137, 2954, 10.1210/en.137.7.2954

Udupi, 1997, Effect of carboxypeptidase E deficiency on progastrin processing and gastrin messenger ribonucleic acid expression in mice with the fat mutation, Endocrinology, 138, 1959, 10.1210/en.138.5.1959

Cool, 1997, Carboxypeptidase E is a regulated secretory pathway sorting receptor: genetic obliteration leads to endocrine disorders in Cpefat mice, Cell, 88, 73, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81860-7

Shen, 1997, Intracellular misrouting and abnormal secretion of adrenocorticotropin and growth hormone in Cpefat mice associated with a carboxypeptidase E mutation, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 94, 5314, 10.1073/pnas.94.10.5314

Thiele, 1997, Protein secretion: puzzling receptors, Curr Biol, 7, R496, 10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00247-8

Irminger, 1997, Proinsulin targeting to the regulated pathway is not impaired in carboxypeptidase E-deficient Cpefat/Cpefat mice, J Biol Chem, 272, 27532, 10.1074/jbc.272.44.27532

Mbikay, 1994, Structure for the gene for the testis-specific proprotein convertase 4 and its alternate messenger RNA isoforms, Genomics, 20, 231, 10.1006/geno.1994.1158

Mbikay, 1997, Impaired fertility in mice deficient for the testicular germ-cell protease PC4, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 94, 6842, 10.1073/pnas.94.13.6842

Eipper, 1992, The biosynthesis of neuropeptides: peptide α-amidation, Annu Rev Neurosci, 15, 57, 10.1146/annurev.ne.15.030192.000421

Prigge, 1997, Amidation of bioactive peptides: the structure of peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase, Science, 278, 1300, 10.1126/science.278.5341.1300