The production of polyhydroxyalkanoate from waste cooking oil and its application in biofuel production
Tóm tắt
This research presents an approach for using waste cooking oil as a substrate for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) by Bacillus thermoamylovorans. In addition, PHA was utilised as a feedstock for a biofuel, namely 3-hydroxyalkanoate methyl ester (3HAME). The largest amount of biomass (4.0 ± 0.1 g/L) and the greatest production of PHA [3.5 ± 0.1 g/L, corresponding to 87.5% of cell dry mass (CDM)] were obtained under optimal conditions, with 4% (w/v) waste cooking oil (WCO) used as a carbon source at 45 °C and 150 rpm for 48 h under batch cultivation. The isolated polymer was identified as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] with 85 mol% of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 15 mol% of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Notably, the properties of the copolymer were similar to the properties of the commercial P(3HB-co-3HV). Moreover, P(3HB-co-3HV) was used as a feedstock for the biofuel. P(3HB-co-3HV) methyl ester, a biofuel, was obtained under optimal conditions, with methanol and 15% (v/v) H2SO4 under a reaction temperature of 65 °C and time of 60 h. The highest yield of 3HAME that was obtained was 74.4%, with 97% methyl ester content. Almost all of the properties of 3HAME pass ASTM and Thailand’s fuel standards.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Panadare DC, Rathod VK (2015) Applications of waste cooking oil other than biodiesel: a review. Iran J Chem Eng 12:55–76
Kongpeng C, Iewkittayakorn J, Chotigeat W (2017) Effect of storage time and concentration of used cooking oil on polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production by Cupriavidus necator H16. Sains Malays 46:1465–1469
Chhetri AB, Watts KC, Islam MR (2008) Waste cooking oil as an alternate feedstock for biodiesel production. Energies 1:3–18
Kulkarni MG, Dalai AK (2006) Waste cooking oils an economical source for biodiesel: a review. Ind Eng Chem Res 45:2901–2913
Ganesh LM, Aniruddha BP, Parag RG (2012) Intensification approaches for biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil: a review. Ind Eng Chem Res 51:14610
Kamilah H, Tsuge T, Yang TA, Sudesh K (2013) Waste cooking oil as substrate for biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate): turning waste into a value-added product. Malays J Microbiol 9:51–59
Cai ZZ, Wang Y, Teng YL, Chong KM, Wang JW, Zhang JW, Yang DP (2015) A two-step biodiesel production process from waste cooking oil via recycling crude glycerol esterification catalyzed by alkali catalyst. Fuel Process Technol 137:186–193
Akaraonye E, Keshavars T, Roy I (2010) Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates: the future green materials of choice. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 85:732–743
Sudesh K, Bhubalan K, Chuah JA, Kek YK, Kamilah H, Sridewi N, Lee YF (2011) Synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate from palm oil and some new applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 86:1373–1386
Tufail S, Munir S, Jamil N (2017) Variation analysis of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates production using saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Braz J Microbiol 48:629–636
Castilho LR, Mitchell DA, Freire DM (2009) Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from waste materials and by-products by submerged and solid-state fermentation. Bioresour Technol 100:5996–6009
Chee JY, Yoga SS, Lau NS, Ling SC, Abed RMM, Sudesh K (2010) Bacterially produced polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): converting renewable resources into bioplastics. In: Mendez-Vilas A (ed) Current research, technology and education topics in applied microbiology and applied biotechnology. Formatex Research Center, Badajoz, pp 1395–1404
Fernandez D, Rodriguez E, Bassas M, Vinas M, Solanas AM, Llorens J, Marques AM, Manresa A (2005) Agro-industrial oily wastes as substrates for PHA production by the new strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIB 40045: effect of culture conditions. Biochem Eng J 26:159–167
Mumtaz T, Yahaya NA, Abd-Aziz S, Rahman NA, Yee PL, Shirai Y, Hassan MA (2010) Turning waste to wealth-biodegradable plastics polyhydroxyalkanoates from palm oil mill effluent—a Malaysian perspective. J Clean Prod 18:1393–1402
Martino L, Cruz MV, Scoma A, Freitas F, Bertin L, Scandola M, Reisb MAM (2014) Recovery of amorphous polyhydroxybutyrate granules from Cupriavidus necator cells grown on used cooking oil. Int J Biol Macromol 71:117–123
Song JH, Che OJ, Mun HC, Sung CY, Woojun P (2008) Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production using waste vegetable oil by Pseudomonas sp. strain DR2. J Microbiol Biotechnol 18:1408–1415
Tsuge T, Saito Y, Kikkawa Y, Hiraishi T, Doi Y (2004) Biosynthesis and compositional regulation of poly[(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(3-hydroxyhexanoate)] in recombinant Ralstonia eutropha expressing mutated polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase genes. Macromol Biosci 4:238–242
Rao U, Sridhar R, Sehgal PK (2010) Biosynthesis and biocompatibility of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) produced by Cupriavidus necator from spent palm oil. Biochem Eng J 49:13–20
AOAC (2000) Official method of analysis of AOAC international, 17th edn. The Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Virginia
Verlinden RAJ, Hill DJ, Kenward MA, Williams CD, Piotrowska-Seget Z, Radecka IK (2011) Production of polyhydroxyalkanoated from waste frying oil by Cupriavidus necator. AMB Express 1:11
Ramnath L, Sithole B, Govinden R (2017) Identification of lipolytic enzymes isolated from bacteria indigenous to Eucalyptus wood species for application in the pulping industry. Biotechnol Rep 15:114–124
Sangkharak K, Prasertsan P (2013) Municipal wastes treatment and production of polyhydroxyalkanoate by modified two-stage batch reactor. J Polym Environ 21:1009–1015
Fernandez-Castillo R, Rodriguez-Valera F, Gonzalez-Ramos J, Ruiz-Berraquero F (1986) Accumulation of poly(R-3-hydroxybutyrate) by halobacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 51:214–216
Schere C, Muller KD, Rath PM, Ansong RAM (2003) Influence of culture conditions on the fatty acid profiles of laboratory-adapted and freshly isolated strains of Helicobacter pylori. J Clin Microbiol 41:1114–1117
Sangkharak K, Pichid N, Yunu T, Srinak K, Sornnum S, Prasertsan P (2016) Biofuel production, characterization and degradation of 3-hydroxybutyate methyl ester from polyhydroxybutyrate. Chiang Mai J Sci 43:808–817
Wong PAL, Cheung MK, Lo WH, Chua H, Yu PHF (2004) Investigation of the effects of types of food waste utilized as carbon source on the molecular weight distributions and thermal properties of polyhydroxy-butyrate produced by two strains of microorganisms. e-Polymers 31:1–11
ASTM D1298-12b (2017) Standard test method for density, relative density, or API gravity of crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products by hydrometer method. ASTM International, West Conshohocken
ASTM D445-19 (2019) Standard test method for kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids (and calculation of dynamic viscosity). ASTM International, West Conshohocken
ASTM D613-01 (2001) Standard test method for cetane number of diesel fuel oil. ASTM International, West Conshohocken
Somashekara DM, Rastogi N, Ramachandriah ST (2009) A simple kinetic model for growth and biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate in Bacillus flexus. New Biotechnol 26:92–98
Madison LL, Huisman GW (1999) Metabolic engineering of poly (3-hydroxyalkanoates) from DNA to plastic. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 63:21–53
Koller M, Muhr A (2014) Continuous production mode as a viable process-engineering tool for efficient poly (hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) bio-production. Chem Biochem Eng Q 28:65–77
Yamane T, Fukunaga M, Lee YW (1996) Increased PHB productivity by high-cell-density fed-batch culture of Alcaligenes latus, a growth-associated PHB producer. Biotechnol Bioeng 50:197–202
Yoon BK, Jackman JA, Valle-Gonzalez ER, Cho NJ (2018) Antibacterial free fatty acids and monoglycerides: biological activities, experimental testing, and therapeutic applications. Int J Mol Sci 19:1114
Kitahara T, Koyama N, Matsuda J, Aoyama Y, Hirakata Y, Kamihira S, Kohno S, Nakashima M, Sasaki H (2004) Antimicrobial activity of saturated fatty acids and fatty amines against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Biol Pharm Bull 27:1321–1326
Sharma PK, Munir RI, de Kievit T, Levin DB (2017) Synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from vegetable oils and free fatty acids by wild type and mutant strains of Pseudomonas chlororaphis. Can J Microbiol 63:1009–1024
Lee JH, Ashby RD, Needleman DS, Lee KT, Solaiman DKY (2012) Cloning, sequencing, and characterization of lipase genes from a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-synthesizing Pseudomonas resinovorans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 96:993–1005
Kellerhals MB, Kessler B, Tchouboukov A, Brandl H, Witholt B (2000) Renewable long-chain fatty acids for production of biodegradable medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs) at laboratory and pilot plant scales. Macromolecules 33:4690–4698
Kim HJ, Jung WK, Lee HW, Yoo W, Kim TD, Kim H (2015) Characterization of an alkaline family I.4 lipase from Bacillus sp. W130-35 isolated from a tidal mud flat with broad substrate specificity. J Microbiol Biotechnol 25:2024–2033
Zhang X, Luo R, Wang Z, Deng Y, Chen GQ (2009) Application of (R)-3-hydroxyalkanoate methyl esters derived from microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates as novel biofuels. Biomacromolecules 10:707–711
Wang SY, Wang Z, Liu MM, Zhang XJ, Chen GQ (2010) Properties of a new gasoline oxygenate blend component: 3-hydroxybutyrate methyl ester produced from bacterial poly-3-hydroxybutyrate. Biomass Bioenergy 34:1216–1222
Gomez Casanova CA, Othen E, Sorensen JL, Levin DB, Birouk M (2016) Measurement of laminar flame speed and flammability limits of a biodiesel surrogate. Energy Fuel 30:8737–8745
Lotero E, Liu Y, Lopez DE, Suwannakarn K, Bruce DA, Goodwin JG (2005) Synthesis of biodiesel via acid catalysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 44:5353–5363
Choonut A, Yunu T, Pichid N, Sangkharak K (2017) The optimization conditions of polyhydroxybutyrate methyl ester from polyhydroxybutyrate via acid-catalyst. Energy Procedia 138:435–440
Musa IA (2016) The effects of alcohol to oil molar ratios and the type of alcohol on biodiesel production using transesterification process. Egypt J Pet 25:21–31
Rakkan T, Paichid N, Yunu T, Klomklao S, Sangkharak K (2018) Synthesis and characterization of biolubricant from POME oil and hepatopancreas lipase from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Chiang Mai J Sci 45:2438–2453
Dijkstra R, Di Blasio G, Boot M, Beatrice C, Bertoli C (2011) Assessment of the effect of low cetane number fuels on a light duty CI engine: preliminary experimental characterization in PCCI operating condition. SAE Technical Paper 2011-24-0053