The process of transformation of scientific and technological knowledge into economic value conducted by biotechnology spin-offs
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Armstrong, 2000, Entrepreneurship in science: case studies from liquid crystal application, Prometheus, 18, 133, 10.1080/713692057
Arora, 2001, Markets for technology and their implications for corporate strategy, Industrial and Corporate Change, 10, 419, 10.1093/icc/10.2.419
Autio, 1997, New, technology-based firms in innovation networks sympletic and generative impacts, Research Policy, 26, 263, 10.1016/S0048-7333(96)00906-7
Autio, 1995, Measurement and evaluation of technology transfer: review of technology transfer mechanisms and indicators, International Journal of Technology Management, 10, 643
Balázs, K., 1996. Academic entrepreneurs and their role in knowledge transfer. STEEP Discussion paper no. 37, SPRU, Brighton.
Chiesa, 1998, Transforming rather transferring scientific and technological knowledge—the contribution of academic ‘spin-out’ companies: the Italian way, 15
Cohen, 1990, Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 128, 10.2307/2393553
Costa, C.R., 2001. Development policies for the biotechnology industry in Portugal. Unpublished M.Sc. dissertation. Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa.
Dasgupta, 1994, Toward a new economics of science, Research Policy, 23, 487, 10.1016/0048-7333(94)01002-1
David, 1992, Analysing the economic payoffs from basic research, Economics, Innovation and New Technology, 2, 73, 10.1080/10438599200000006
Den Hertog, 2000, Knowledge-Intensive business services as co-producers of innovation, International Journal of Innovation Management, 4, 491, 10.1016/S1363-9196(00)00024-X
Dodgson, 1990, The shock of the new: the formation of Celltech and the British technology transfer system, Industry and Higher Education, 4, 97, 10.1177/095042229000400205
Dosi, 1988, Sources, procedures and microeconomic effects of innovation, Journal of Economic Literature, 26, 120
Etzkowitz, 1996, Conflicts of interest and commitment in academic science in the United States, Minerva, 34, 259, 10.1007/BF00120327
Faulkner, 1994, Making sense of diversity: public–private sector research linkage in three technologies, Research Policy, 23, 673, 10.1016/0048-7333(94)90017-5
Fontes, 2001, Contribution of new technology-based firms to the strengthening of technological capabilities in intermediate economies, Research Policy, 30, 79, 10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00095-5
Fontes, 2001, Biotechnology entrepreneurs and technology transfer in an intermediate economy, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 62, 59, 10.1016/S0040-1625(99)00066-9
Fontes, 1998, Country specific conditions and the development of scientific and industrial competencies in biotechnology: the case of Portugal, Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 10, 509
Gibbons, 1974, The roles of science in technological innovation, Research Policy, 3, 220, 10.1016/0048-7333(74)90008-0
Jones-Evans, 1995, A typology of technology-based entrepreneurs. A model based on previous occupational background, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 1, 26, 10.1108/13552559510079751
Kenney, 1986, Schumpeterian innovation and entrepreneurs in capitalism: a case study of the US biotechnology industry, Research Policy, 15, 21, 10.1016/0048-7333(86)90020-X
Klevorick, 1995, On the sources and significance of inter-industry differences in technological opportunities, Research Policy, 24, 185, 10.1016/0048-7333(93)00762-I
Kline, 1986, An overview of innovation, 275
Lee, 1996, Technology transfer and the research university: a search for the boundaries of university–industry collaboration, Research Policy, 25, 843, 10.1016/0048-7333(95)00857-8
Lowe, 1993, Commercialisation of university research: a policy perspective, Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 5, 27, 10.1080/09537329308524115
Mason, 1999, Knowledge transfer and innovation in Germany and Britain: ‘intermediate institution’ models under strain?, Industry and Innovation, 61, 85, 10.1080/13662719900000006
Miller, 2000, Entrepreneurs and technology diffusion. How diffusion research can benefit from a greater understanding of entrepreneurship, Technology in Society, 22, 465
Mustar, 1994, Organisations, technologies et marchés en création: la génese des PME High-Tech, Revue d’Economie Industrielle, 67, 156, 10.3406/rei.1994.1514
Orsenigo, 1989
Pavitt, 1991, What makes basic research economically useful, Research Policy, 20, 109, 10.1016/0048-7333(91)90074-Z
Radosevich, 1995, A model for entrepreneurial spin-offs from public technology sources, International Journal of Technology Management, 10, 879
Rappert, 1997, Regimes of ordering: the commercialisation of intellectual property in industrial–academic collaborations, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 9, 130
Roberts, 1996, Policies and structures for spinning off new companies from research and development organizations, R&D Management, 26, 17, 10.1111/j.1467-9310.1996.tb00927.x
Salter, 2001, The economic benefits of publicly funded basic research, Research Policy, 30, 509, 10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00091-3
Samson, 1993, University scientists as entrepreneurs: a special case of technology transfer and high-tech venturing, Technovation, 13, 63, 10.1016/0166-4972(93)90054-Y
Sheen, 1992, Barriers to scientific and technical knowledge acquisition in industrial R&D, R&D Management, 22, 135, 10.1111/j.1467-9310.1992.tb00802.x
Stankiewicz, 1994, Spin-off companies from universities, Science and Public Policy, 21, 99
Tomes, 2000, Technological entrepreneurship: integrating technological and product innovation, Technovation, 20, 115, 10.1016/S0166-4972(99)00116-9
Tushman, 1986, Technological discontinuities and organizational environments, Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, 439, 10.2307/2392832
Van der Sidje, 2000, Support of university spin-off companies, The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 1, 13, 10.5367/000000000101298478
Walsh, 1995, Small firm formation in biotechnology: a comparison of France, Britain and Canada, Technovation, 15, 303, 10.1016/0166-4972(95)96602-P
Zucker, 1998, Intellectual human capital and the birth of US biotechnology enterprises, American Economic Revue, 88, 290