Tỷ lệ sử dụng chất gây nghiện ở những người di cư Nga, Somalia và người Kurd tại Phần Lan: một nghiên cứu dựa trên dân số

BMC Public Health - Tập 18 - Trang 1-13 - 2018
Essi Salama1,2, Solja Niemelä3,4, Jaana Suvisaari5, Tiina Laatikainen5,6,7, Päivikki Koponen5, Anu E. Castaneda5,8
1Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
2Department of Child Psychiatry , Turku University Hospital and University of Turku , Turku, Finland
3Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
4Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
5National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
6Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
7Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services, Joensuu, Finland
8Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Tóm tắt

Việc sử dụng chất gây nghiện là một vấn đề sức khỏe cộng đồng đã được biết đến, nhưng nghiên cứu dựa trên dân số về việc sử dụng chất gây nghiện của người di cư ở Châu Âu còn hạn chế. Các yếu tố liên quan đến nền văn hóa và tình huống sống hiện tại có thể ảnh hưởng đến việc sử dụng chất gây nghiện trong số những người di cư. Nghiên cứu này báo cáo tỷ lệ sử dụng chất gây nghiện ở những người di cư Nga, Somalia và người Kurd tại Phần Lan so với dân số chung, đồng thời phân tích mối liên hệ giữa việc sử dụng chất gây nghiện và các yếu tố nền tảng kinh tế xã hội và liên quan đến di cư trong số các di cư. Dữ liệu cắt ngang từ Nghiên cứu sức khỏe và phúc lợi của người di cư Phần Lan (Maamu) và dữ liệu nhóm so sánh của dân số chung Phần Lan (n = 1165) từ Khảo sát Sức khỏe 2011 đã được sử dụng. Người tham gia khảo sát có nguồn gốc Nga (n = 702), Somalia (n = 512), và người Kurd (n = 632). Việc sử dụng chất gây nghiện bao gồm việc tự báo cáo việc sử dụng rượu trong 12 tháng trước (câu hỏi AUDIT-C), hút thuốc hàng ngày hiện tại và suốt đời, cùng với việc sử dụng cần sa và ma túy tiêm tĩnh mạch trong suốt đời. Uống rượu quá mức ít phổ biến hơn trong tất cả các nhóm di cư so với dân số chung Phần Lan (nam giới Nga 65%, p < 0.01; nữ giới Nga 30%, p < 0.01, nam giới Somalia 2%, p < 0.01, nam giới Kurd 27%, p < 0.01, nữ giới Kurd 6%, p < 0.01, nam giới dân số chung 87% và nữ giới 72%). Hút thuốc lá hàng ngày hiện tại phổ biến hơn ở nam giới di cư Nga (28%, p = 0.04) và nam giới Kurd (29%, p < 0.01) so với nhóm tham chiếu (20%). Độ tuổi trẻ hơn và việc làm có liên quan đến việc uống rượu quá mức trong số những người di cư. Các bất lợi kinh tế xã hội tăng khả năng hút thuốc hàng ngày ở nam giới di cư Nga, Somalia và Kurd. Một số yếu tố liên quan đến di cư, chẳng hạn như độ tuổi khi di cư và khả năng ngôn ngữ, có liên quan đến việc sử dụng chất gây nghiện. Uống rượu quá mức ít phổ biến hơn trong số những người di cư so với dân số chung Phần Lan. Tuy nhiên, hút thuốc hàng ngày hiện tại lại phổ biến hơn ở nam giới di cư Nga và Kurd so với dân số chung. Độ tuổi trẻ hơn, trình độ học vấn, việc làm, thời gian cư trú tại Phần Lan và khả năng ngôn ngữ có liên quan đến việc uống rượu quá mức và hút thuốc hàng ngày với các kiểu liên kết khác nhau phụ thuộc vào nhóm di cư và giới tính. Những phát hiện này thu hút sự chú ý đến sự khác biệt trong thói quen sử dụng chất gây nghiện trong số các nhóm di cư.

Từ khóa

#sử dụng chất gây nghiện #di cư #sức khỏe cộng đồng #Nga #Somalia #Kurd #Phần Lan #nghiên cứu dân số

Tài liệu tham khảo

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