The potential value of plasma Circ-ITCH in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with current hepatitis C virus infection

Bray, 2018, Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians., 68, 394 McGlynn, 2021, Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma, Hepatology, 73, 4, 10.1002/hep.31288 Petruzziello, 2018, Suppl-1, M3: epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) related hepatocellular carcinoma, The open virology journal, 12, 26, 10.2174/1874357901812010026 Baghdady, 2014, Serum markers for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C infection, Menoufia Medical Journal, 27, 544, 10.4103/1110-2098.145509 Rashed, 2020, Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Egypt: A comprehensive overview, Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute, 32, 1, 10.1186/s43046-020-0016-x Ferlay, 2015, Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012, International journal of cancer, 136, E359, 10.1002/ijc.29210 Akinyemiju, 2017, The burden of primary liver cancer and underlying etiologies from 1990 to 2015 at the global, regional, and national level: results from the global burden of disease study 2015. JAMA oncology, 3, 1683 Abd-Elsalam, 2018, Epidemiology of liver cancer in Nile delta over a decade: a single-center study, South Asian journal of cancer, 7, 24, 10.4103/sajc.sajc_82_17 Selçuk, 2017, Transplantation ctojotMESfO, Prognostic Factors and Staging Systems in Hepatocellular Carcinoma., 15, 45 Llovet JM, Kelley RK, Villanueva A, Singal AG, Pikarsky E, Roayaie S, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma. 2021:6-6. Zhao, 2013, Tumor markers for hepatocellular carcinoma, Molecular and clinical oncology, 1, 593, 10.3892/mco.2013.119 Toyoda, 2015, Tumor markers for hepatocellular carcinoma: simple and significant predictors of outcome in patients with HCC., 4, 126 Guttman, 2012, Modular regulatory principles of large non-coding RNAs, Nature, 482, 339, 10.1038/nature10887 Sabin, 2013, Dogma derailed: the many influences of RNA on the genome, Molecular cell, 49, 783, 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.02.010 Sanger, 1976, Viroids are single-stranded covalently closed circular RNA molecules existing as highly base-paired rod-like structures, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 73, 3852, 10.1073/pnas.73.11.3852 Nigro, 1991, Scrambled exons, Cell, 64, 607, 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90244-S Cocquerelle, 1993, Mis-splicing yields circular RNA molecules, The FASEB Journal, 7, 155, 10.1096/fasebj.7.1.7678559 Jeck, 2013, Circular RNAs are abundant, conserved, and associated with ALU repeats, Rna, 19, 141, 10.1261/rna.035667.112 Rybak-Wolf, 2015, Circular RNAs in the mammalian brain are highly abundant, conserved, and dynamically expressed, Molecular cell, 58, 870, 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.03.027 Memczak, 2013, Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency, Nature, 495, 333, 10.1038/nature11928 Salzman, 2013, Cell-type specific features of circular RNA expression, PLoS Genet, 9, 10.1371/annotation/f782282b-eefa-4c8d-985c-b1484e845855 Zhao, 2017, Circular RNA participates in the carcinogenesis and the malignant behavior of cancer, RNA biology, 14, 514, 10.1080/15476286.2015.1122162 Rossi, 2009, Caspase cleavage of Itch in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 379, 659, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.11.154 Perry, 1998, The itchy locus encodes a novel ubiquitin protein ligase that is disrupted in a 18H mice, Nature genetics, 18, 143, 10.1038/ng0298-143 Melino, 2008, Itch: a HECT-type E3 ligase regulating immunity, skin and cancer, Cell Death & Differentiation, 15, 1103, 10.1038/cdd.2008.60 Li, 2015, Circular RNA ITCH has inhibitory effect on ESCC by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, Oncotarget, 6, 6001, 10.18632/oncotarget.3469 Wan, 2016, Circular RNA-ITCH suppresses lung cancer proliferation via inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, BioMed research international, 2016 Huang, 2015, cir-ITCH plays an inhibitory role in colorectal cancer by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, PloS one, 10 Luo, 2018, Circular RNA ITCH suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells by sponging miR-10a-alpha, Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 22, 8119 Guo, 2017, Polymorphisms and expression pattern of circular RNA circ-ITCH contributes to the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma, Oncotarget, 8, 48169, 10.18632/oncotarget.18327 Li, 2020, Circular RNA cir-ITCH promotes osteosarcoma migration and invasion through cir-ITCH/miR-7/EGFR pathway, Technology in cancer research & treatment, 19 Ishak, 1995, Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis, J hepatol, 22, 696, 10.1016/0168-8278(95)80226-6 Ziada, 2016, Prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients in Mid Delta, Egypt: A single center study, Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute, 28, 257, 10.1016/j.jnci.2016.06.001 Yeh, 2010, Gender disparity of hepatocellular carcinoma: the roles of sex hormones., 78, 172 Chen C-L, Kuo M-J, Yen AM-F, Yang W-S, Kao J-H, Chen P-J, et al. Gender difference in the association between metabolic factors and hepatocellular carcinoma. 2020; 4:pkaa036. Qin, 2016, Hsa_circ_0001649: a circular RNA and potential novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma, Cancer Biomarkers, 16, 161, 10.3233/CBM-150552 Shang, 2016, Comprehensive circular RNA profiling reveals that hsa_circ_0005075, a new circular RNA biomarker, is involved in hepatocellular crcinoma development, Medicine, 95 Jin, 2017, C ircular RNA 001569 acts as an oncogene and correlates with aggressive characteristics in hepatocellular carcinoma, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 10, 2997 Kou, 2019, Circular RNA hsa_circ_0078602 may have potential as a prognostic biomarker for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, Oncology letters, 17, 2091 Lin, 2015, Noncoding RNAs in human saliva as potential disease biomarkers, Frontiers in genetics, 6, 175, 10.3389/fgene.2015.00175 Zhao, 2017, Peripheral blood circular RNA hsa_circ_0124644 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker of coronary artery disease, Scientific reports, 7, 1 Zaiou, 2020, circRNAs signature as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for diabetes mellitus and related cardiovascular complications, Cells, 9, 659, 10.3390/cells9030659 Yin, 2018, Circulating circular RNA hsa_circ_0001785 acts as a diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer detection, Clinica chimica acta, 487, 363, 10.1016/j.cca.2017.10.011 Wegierski, 2006, ubiquitin ligase AIP4 regulates the cell surface expression of select TRP channels, The EMBO journal, 25, 5659, 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601429 Wei, 2012, The E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH negatively regulates canonical Wnt signaling by targeting dishevelled protein, Molecular and cellular biology, 32, 3903, 10.1128/MCB.00251-12 Sampath, 2009, Specific activation of microRNA106b enables the p73 apoptotic response in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by targeting the ubiquitin ligase Itch for degradation, Blood, 113, 3744, 10.1182/blood-2008-09-178707 Turchinovich, 2011, Characterization of extracellular circulating microRNA, Nucleic acids research, 39, 7223, 10.1093/nar/gkr254 Arroyo, 2011, Argonaute2 complexes carry a population of circulating microRNAs independent of vesicles in human plasma, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 5003, 10.1073/pnas.1019055108 Zhou, 2018, Differential expression profile of hepatic circular RNA s in chronic hepatitis B, Journal of viral hepatitis, 25, 1341, 10.1111/jvh.12944 Cui, 2018, Screening of up-and downregulation of circRNAs in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma by microarray, Oncology letters, 15, 423 Shirakura, 2007, E6AP ubiquitin ligase mediates ubiquitylation and degradation of hepatitis C virus core protein, Journal of virology, 81, 1174, 10.1128/JVI.01684-06 Kefas, 2008, microRNA-7 inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor and the Akt pathway and is down-regulated in glioblastoma, Cancer research, 68, 3566, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6639 Xu, 2014, miR-7 inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting XRCC2, OncoTargets and therapy, 7, 325, 10.2147/OTT.S59364 Sun, 2016, miR-7 reverses the resistance to BRAFi in melanoma by targeting EGFR/IGF-1R/CRAF and inhibiting the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, Oncotarget, 7, 53558, 10.18632/oncotarget.10669 Fang, 2012, MicroRNA-7 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma, Hepatology, 55, 1852, 10.1002/hep.25576 Tarek, 2017, Role of microRNA-7 and selenoprotein P in hepatocellular carcinoma, Tumor Biology, 39, 10.1177/1010428317698372 Enuka, 2016, Circular RNAs are long-lived and display only minimal early alterations in response to a growth factor, Nucleic acids research, 44, 1370, 10.1093/nar/gkv1367 Marrero, 2009, α-fetoprotein, des-γ carboxyprothrombin, and lectin-bound α-fetoprotein in early hepatocellular carcinoma., 137, 110