The pathophysiology of myocardial ischaemia

Baillière's Clinical Anaesthesiology - Tập 3 - Trang 1-25 - 1989
Robin M. Norris

Tài liệu tham khảo

Ambrose, 1985, Angiographic morphology and the pathogenesis of unstable angina pectoris, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 5, 609, 10.1016/S0735-1097(85)80384-3 Bergmann, 1989, Noninvasive assessment of the efficacy of coronary thrombolysis, 141 Bigger, 1977, Ventricular arrhythmias in ischemic heart disease; mechanism, prevalence, significance and management, Progress in Cardiovascular Disease, 19, 255, 10.1016/0033-0620(77)90005-6 Boden, 1985, Nifedipine-induced hypotension and myocardial ischemia in refractory angina pectoris, Journal of the American Medical Association, 253, 1131, 10.1001/jama.1985.03350320055016 Boulanger, 1984, Vasospastic angina after calcium injection, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 63, 1124, 10.1213/00000539-198412000-00013 Braunwald, 1982, The stunned myocardium: Prolonged post-ischemic ventricular dysfunction, Circulation, 66, 1146, 10.1161/01.CIR.66.6.1146 Brown, 1981, Coronary vasospasm: observations linking the clinical spectrum of ischemic heart disease to the dynamic pathology of coronary atherosclerosis, Archives of Internal Medicine, 141, 716, 10.1001/archinte.1981.00340060024008 Brown, 1984, Dynamic mechanisms in human coronary stenosis, Circulation, 70, 917, 10.1161/01.CIR.70.6.917 Brown, 1987, Post-systolic shortening: a marker of potential for early recovery of acutely ischaemic myocardium in the dog, Cardiovascular Research, 21, 703, 10.1093/cvr/21.10.703 Brown, 1983, Bete 2-receptor stimulation by circulating epinephrine causes prolonged hypokalemia, New England Journal of Medicine, 309, 1414, 10.1056/NEJM198312083092303 Buckberg, 1972, Experimental subendocardial ischemia in dogs with normal coronary arteries, Circulation Research, 30, 67, 10.1161/01.RES.30.1.67 Buxton, 1982, Perioperative coronary artery spasm: long term follow-up, American Journal of Cardiology, 50, 444, 10.1016/0002-9149(82)90308-3 Cairns, 1985, Aspirin, sulphinpyrazone or both in unstable angina, New England Journal of Medicine, 313, 1369, 10.1056/NEJM198511283132201 Capone, 1978, Myocardial hemorrhage after coronary reperfusion in pigs, American Journal of Cardiology, 41, 259, 10.1016/0002-9149(78)90164-9 Davies, 1985, Plaque fissuring: the cause of acute myocardial infarction, sudden ischaemic death and crescendo angina, British Heart Journal, 53, 363, 10.1136/hrt.53.4.363 Deanfield, 1983, Myocardial ischaemia during daily life in patients with stable angina: its relation to symptoms and heart rate changes, Lancet, ii, 753, 10.1016/S0140-6736(83)92295-X De Wood, 1980, Prevalence of total coronary occlusion during the early hours of transmural myocardial infarction, New England Journal of Medicine, 303, 897, 10.1056/NEJM198010163031601 De Wood, 1986, Coronary arteriographic findings soon after non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, New England Journal of Medicine, 315, 417, 10.1056/NEJM198608143150703 Doyle, 1987, Differences in ischaemic dysfunction after gradual and abrupt coronary occlusion: effects on isovolumic relaxation, Cardiovascular Research, 21, 507, 10.1093/cvr/21.7.507 Freudenberg, 1981, The normal wall segment in coronary stenosis—a postmortem study, Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie, 70, 863 Gibson, 1986, Changes in left ventricular regional asynchrony after intracoronary thrombolysis in patients with impending myocardial infarction, British Heart Journal, 56, 121, 10.1136/hrt.56.2.121 1986, Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction, Lancet, i, 397 Gross, 1981, Coronary steal in four models of single or multiple vessel obstruction in dogs, American Journal of Cardiology, 48, 84, 10.1016/0002-9149(81)90575-0 Hackett, 1987, Intermittent coronary occlusion in acute myocardial infarction. Value of combined thrombolytic and vasodilator therapy, New England Journal of Medicine, 317, 1055, 10.1056/NEJM198710223171704 Hamm, 1987, Biochemical evidence of platelet activation in patients with persistent unstable angina, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10, 998, 10.1016/S0735-1097(87)80336-4 Hamsten, 1985, Increased plasma levels of a rapid inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator in young survivors of myocardial infarction, New England Journal of Medicine, 315, 417 Hearse, 1979, Cellular damage during myocardial ischaemia: metabolic changes leading to enzyme leakage, 11 Herrick, 1912, Clinical features of sudden obstruction of the coronary arteries, Journal of the American Medical Association, 59, 2015, 10.1001/jama.1912.04270120001001 1986, Early treatment of unstable angina in the coronary-care unit: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled comparison of recurrent ischaemia in patients treated with nifedipine, metoprolol or both, British Heart Journal, 56, 400, 10.1136/hrt.56.5.400 Holland, 1977, Solid angle theory and the electrocardiogram: physiologic and quantitative interpretation, Progress in Cardiovascular Disease, 19, 431, 10.1016/0033-0620(77)90009-3 1988, Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, and aspirin, both, or neither drug, among 17187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction, Lancet, ii, 349 Janse, 1981, Electrophysiological changes and ventricular arrhythmias in the early phase of regional myocardial ischemia, Circulation Research, 49, 1069, 10.1161/01.RES.49.5.1069 Janse, 1980, Flow of ‘injury’ current and patterns of excitation during early ventricular arrhythmias in acute regional myocardial ischemia in isolated porcine and canine hearts. Evidence for two arrhythmogenic mechanisms, Circulation Research, 47, 151, 10.1161/01.RES.47.2.151 Jennings, 1972, Ultrastructural changes in acute myocardial ischaemia Kloner, 1974, The ‘no-reflow’ phenomenon after temporary coronary occlusion in the dog, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 54, 1496, 10.1172/JCI107898 Kruskal, 1987, Fibrin and fibrinogen-related antigens in patients with stable and unstable coronary artery disease, New England Journal of Medicine, 317, 1361, 10.1056/NEJM198711263172201 Lam, 1988, Safety and diagnostic accuracy of dipyridamole-thallium imaging in the elderly, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 11, 585, 10.1016/0735-1097(88)91535-5 Lavallee, 1983, Salvage of myocardial function by coronary artery reperfusion 1, 2 and 3 hours after coronary occlusion in conscious dogs, Circulation Research, 53, 235, 10.1161/01.RES.53.2.235 Lewis, 1983, Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in men with unstable angina, New England Journal of Medicine, 309, 396, 10.1056/NEJM198308183090703 Lowenstein, 1981, Regional ischemic dysfunction in myocardium supplied by a narrowed coronary artery with increasing halothane concentration in the dog, Anesthesiology, 55, 349, 10.1097/00000542-198110000-00004 Lucchesi, 1989, 243 McMahon, 1979, Quantitative coronary arteriography: measurement of the ‘critical’ stenosis in patients with unstable angina and single vessel disease without collaterals, Circulation, 60, 106, 10.1161/01.CIR.60.1.106 Maseri, 1976, Transient transmural reduction of myocardial blood flow demonstrated by thallium-201 scintigraphy as a cause of variant angina, Circulation, 54, 280, 10.1161/01.CIR.54.2.280 Maseri, 1978, Coronary vasospasm as a possible cause of myocardial infarction: a conclusion derived from the study of ‘preinfarction’ angina, New England Journal of Medicine, 299, 1271, 10.1056/NEJM197812072992303 Meade, 1980, Haemostatic function and cardiovascular death: early results of a prospective study, Lancet, i, 1050, 10.1016/S0140-6736(80)91498-1 Muller, 1984, Nifedipine therapy for patients with threatened and acute myocardial infarction: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison, Circulation, 69, 740, 10.1161/01.CIR.69.4.740 Nordrehaug, 1983, Hypokalaemia and ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction, British Heart Journal, 50, 525, 10.1136/hrt.50.6.525 Norris, 1982, Myocardial infarction; its presentation, pathogenesis and treatment, 109 Norris, 1984, Prevention of ventricular fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction by intravenous propranolol, Lancet, ii, 883, 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)90651-2 Opie, 1975, Metabolism of free fatty acids, glucose and catecholamines in acute myocardial infarction, American Journal of Cardiology, 36, 938, 10.1016/0002-9149(75)90086-7 Pepine, 1986, Clinical aspects of silent myocardial ischemia in patients with angina and other forms of coronary heart disease, American Journal of Medicine, 80, 25, 10.1016/0002-9343(86)90449-3 Puleo, 1987, Creatine kinase isoform analysis in the detection and assessment of thrombolysis in man, Circulation, 75, 1162, 10.1161/01.CIR.75.6.1162 Ramsay, 1986, Halothane-verapamil causes regional myocardial dysfunction in the dog, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 58, 321, 10.1093/bja/58.3.321 Raunio, 1979, Changes in the QRS complex and ST segment in transmural and subendocardial myocardial infarctions. A clinicopathological study, American Heart Journal, 98, 176, 10.1016/0002-8703(79)90219-9 Reimer, 1977, The wavefront phenomenon of ischemic cell death. I. Myocardial infarct size vs duration of coronary occlusion in dogs, Circulation, 56, 786, 10.1161/01.CIR.56.5.786 Rivers, 1988, Effect of isoprenaline on systolic and early diastolic shortening in ischaemic myocardium, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine, 18, 349 Samon, 1960, Mechanism of S-T segment alteration during acute myocardial injury, Circulation Research, 8, 780, 10.1161/01.RES.8.4.780 Shapiro, 1979, Oral contraceptive use in relation to myocardial infarction, Lancet, i, 743, 10.1016/S0140-6736(79)91205-4 Sherman, 1986, Coronary angioscopy in patients with unstable angina pectoris, New England Journal of Medicine, 315, 93, 10.1056/NEJM198610093151501 Skarvan, 1984, Coronary artery spasms after coronary artery bypass surgery, Anesthesiology, 61, 323, 10.1097/00000542-198409000-00012 Smith, 1976, Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme studies in diagnosis of myocardial infarction, British Heart Journal, 38, 225, 10.1136/hrt.38.3.225 Takayama, 1988, Post-systolic shortening of acutely ischemic canine myocardium predicts early and late reconvery of function following coronary artery reperfusion, Circulation, 78, 994, 10.1161/01.CIR.78.4.994 Vatner, 1980, Correlation between acute reductions in myocardial blood flow and function in conscious dogs, Circulation Research, 47, 201, 10.1161/01.RES.47.2.201 White, 1987, Effects of intravenous streptokinase on left ventricular function and early survival after acute myocardial infarction, New England Journal of Medicine, 317, 850, 10.1056/NEJM198710013171402 Wilcken, 1971, Evidence for intravenous dipyridamole (Persantin) producing a ‘coronary steal’ effect in the ischaemic myocardium, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine, 1, 8, 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1971.tb02254.x Yasue, 1979, Circadian variation of exercise capacity in patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina: role of exercise-induced coronary arterial spasm, Circulation, 59, 938, 10.1161/01.CIR.59.5.938 Yasue, 1983, Coronary arterial spasm in ischemic heart disease and its pathogenesis. A review, Circulation Research, 52, 147 Zingone, 1983, Perioperative coronary artery spasm leading to myocardial ischaemia after vein graft surgery, British Heart Journal, 49, 280, 10.1136/hrt.49.3.280