The office approach to the sexually transmitted diseases: Part I

Disease-a-Month - Tập 33 - Trang 121 - 1987
Stuart Levin1, Constance A. Benson1, Larry J. Goodman1, John C. Pottage1, Harold A. Kessler1, Gordon M. Trenholme1
1Section of Infectious Disease Department of Medicine Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center Chicago, Illinois, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

DeJong, 1984, Sexually transmitted disease in children, Am Family Pract, 30, 185 Grimes, 1986, Deaths due to sexually transmitted diseases, JAMA, 255, 1727, 10.1001/jama.1986.03370130083028 Roseman, 1984, Sexually transmitted diseases and carcinogenesis, Urol Clin North Am, 11, 27, 10.1016/S0094-0143(21)00743-6 Holmes, 1984, Epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases, Urol Clin North Am, 11, 3, 10.1016/S0094-0143(21)00741-2 Neinstein, 1984, Nonsexual transmission of sexually transmitted diseases: An infrequent occurrence, Pediatrics, 74, 67 Rein, 1984, Nosocomial sexually transmitted diseases, Infect Control, 3, 117, 10.1017/S0195941700059968 Sweet, 1985, Importance of differential diagnosis in acute vaginitis, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 152, 921, 10.1016/S0002-9378(85)80002-8 Friedrich, 1985, Vaginitis, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 152, 247, 10.1016/S0002-9378(85)80203-9 Oriel, 1972, Genital yeast infections, Br Med J, 4, 761, 10.1136/bmj.4.5843.761 Warnock, 1979, Epidemiological investigation of patients with vulvovaginal candidosis, Br J Vener Dis, 55, 347 Pheifer, 1978, Nonspecific vaginitis: Role of Haemophilus vaginalis and treatment with metronidazole, N Engl J Med, 298, 1429, 10.1056/NEJM197806292982601 Dunkelberg, 1977, Corynebacterium vaginale, Sex Transm Dis, 4, 69, 10.1097/00007435-197704000-00010 Melvin, 1985, Intestinal and urogenital protozoa, 631 McLellan, 1982, The clinical diagnosis of trichomoniasis, Obstet Gynecol, 60, 30 Judson, 1979, The importance of coexisting syphilitic, chlamydial, mycoplasmal, and trichomonal infections in the treatment of gonorrhea, Sex Transm Dis, 112, 10.1097/00007435-197904000-00016 Osborne, 1982, Vaginitis in sexually active women: Relationship to nine sexually transmitted organisms, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 142, 962, 10.1016/0002-9378(82)90775-X Hager, 1980, Metronidazole for vaginal trichomoniasis. Seven-day vs. single-dose regimens, JAMA, 244, 1219, 10.1001/jama.1980.03310110029023 Fouts, 1980, Trichomonas vaginalis: Reevaluation of its clinical presentation and laboratory diagnosis, J Infect Dis, 141, 137, 10.1093/infdis/141.2.137 Spence, 1980, The clinical and laboratory diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection, Sex Transm Dis, 7, 168, 10.1097/00007435-198010000-00004 Rein, 1984, Trichomonas vaginalis, 525 Mason, 1976, Comparison of four techniques for the routine diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection, J Clin Pathol, 29, 154, 10.1136/jcp.29.2.154 Aubert, 1982, Treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis: Single, 2-gram dose of metronidazole as compared with a seven-day course, J Reprod Med, 27, 743 Lossick, 1986, In vitro drug susceptibility and doses of metronidazole required for cure in cases of refractory vaginal trichomoniasis, J Infect Dis, 153, 948, 10.1093/infdis/153.5.948 Ralph, 1983, Susceptibility of Trichomonas vaginalis strains to metronidazole: Response to treatment, Sex Transm Dis, 10, 119, 10.1097/00007435-198307000-00003 Beard, 1979, Lack of evidence for cancer due to use of metronidazole, N Engl J Med, 301, 519, 10.1056/NEJM197909063011003 Centers for Disease Control, 1985, 1985 STD treatment guidelines, MMWR, 34, 75S Lossick, 1982, Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis infections, Rev Infect Dis, S801, 10.1093/clinids/4.Supplement_4.S801 Lyng, 1981, Double-blind study of the value of treatment with a single dose tinidazole of partners to females with trichomoniasis, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 60, 199 Krieger, 1981, Urologic aspects of trichomoniasis, Invest Urol, 18, 411 Kuberski, 1980, Trichomonas vaginalis associated with nongonococcal urethritis and prostatitis, Sex Transm Dis, 135, 10.1097/00007435-198007000-00010 O'Connor, 1986, Epidemiology of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: Identification and strain differentiation of Candida albicans, J Infect Dis, 154, 358, 10.1093/infdis/154.2.358 Sobel, 1985, Epidemiology and pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 152, 924, 10.1016/S0002-9378(85)80003-X VanSlyke, 1981, Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with boric acid powder, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 141, 145, 10.1016/S0002-9378(16)32581-9 Sweet, 1985, Infectious vulvovaginitis, 89 Heel, 1982, Ketoconazole: A review of its therapeutic efficacy in superficial and systemic fungal infections, Drugs, 23, 1, 10.2165/00003495-198223010-00001 Van Der Pas, 1983, Treatment of vaginal candidosis with oral ketoconazole, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 14, 399, 10.1016/0028-2243(83)90209-5 Sobel, 1985, Management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis with intermittent ketoconazole prophylaxis, Obstet Gynecol, 65, 435 Sobel, 1984, Vulvovaginal Candidiasis—What we do and do not know, Ann Intern Med, 101, 390, 10.7326/0003-4819-101-3-390 Rein, 1983, “Nonspecific vaginitis,” vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis: Clinical features, diagnosis, and management, 281 Embree, 1984, Nonspecific vaginitis among women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic, Sex Transm Dis, 11, 81, 10.1097/00007435-198404000-00006 Hill, 1983, Nonspecific vaginitis and other genital infections in three clinic populations, Sex Transm Dis, 10, 114, 10.1097/00007435-198307000-00002 Spiegel, 1980, Anaerobic bacteria in nonspecific vaginitis, N Engl J Med, 303, 601, 10.1056/NEJM198009113031102 Amsel, 1983, Nonspecific vaginitis: Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiological associations, Am J Med, 74, 14, 10.1016/0002-9343(83)91112-9 Ralph, 1980, Relative susceptibilities of Gardnerella vaginitis (Haemophilus vaginitis), and Bacteroides fragilis to metronidazole and its two main metabolites, Sex Transm Dis, 7, 157, 10.1097/00007435-198010000-00001 Brunham, 1984, Mucopurulent ceivicitis—the ignored counterpart in women of urethritis in men, N Engl J Med, 311, 1, 10.1056/NEJM198407053110101 Bowie, 1977, Etiology of nongonococcal urethritis: Evidence for Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum, J Clin Invest, 59, 735, 10.1172/JCI108694 Bowie, 1984, Urethritis in males, 638 Hook, 1985, Gonococcal infections, Ann Intern Med, 102, 229, 10.7326/0003-4819-102-2-229 Crawford, 1977, Asymptomatic gonorrhea in men: Caused by gonococci with unique nutritional requirements, Science, 196, 1352, 10.1126/science.405742 Knapp, 1975, Disseminated gonococcal infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae with unique nutritional requirements, J Infect Dis, 132, 204, 10.1093/infdis/132.2.204 Knapp, 1978, Phenotypic and epidemiologic correlates of auxotype in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, J Infect Dis, 138, 160, 10.1093/infdis/138.2.160 Bohnhoff, 1986, Auxotypes, penicillin susceptibility, and serogmups of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from disseminated and uncomplicated infections, J Infect Dis, 1542, 225, 10.1093/infdis/154.2.225 Givan, 1986, Auxotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from heterosexual men, homosexual men, and heterosexual women, Sex Transm Dis, 13, 19, 10.1097/00007435-198601000-00005 Demarco de Hormaeche, 1986, Definition of a virulence-related antigen of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with monoclonal antibodies and lectins, J Infect Dis, 153, 535, 10.1093/infdis/153.3.535 Handsfield, 1984, Gonorrhea and uncomplicated gonococcal infection, 205 Hooper, 1978, Cohort study of venereal disease. I: The risk of gonorrhea transmission from infected women to men, Am J Epidemiol, 108, 136, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112597 McCormak, 1977, Clinical spectrum of gonococcal infection in women, Lancet, 1, 1182, 10.1016/S0140-6736(77)92720-9 Potterat, 1981, A new approach to gonorrhea control. The asymptomatic man and incidence reduction, JAMA, 245, 578, 10.1001/jama.1981.03310310020015 Handsfield, 1974, Asymptomatic gonorrhea in men: Diagnosis, natural course, prevalence and significance, N Engl J Med, 290, 117, 10.1056/NEJM197401172900301 Curran, 1975, Female gonorrhea: Its relation to abnormal uterine bleeding, urinary tract symptoms, and cervicitis, Obstet Gynecol, 45, 195 Klein, 1977, Anorectal gonococcal infection, Ann Intern Med, 86, 340, 10.7326/0003-4819-86-3-340 Lebedeff, 1980, Rectal gonorrhea in men: Diagnosis and treatment, Ann Intern Med, 92, 463, 10.7326/0003-4819-92-4-463 Deherogoda, 1977, Diagnosis of rectal gonorrhea by blind anorectal swabs compared with direct vision swabs taken via a proctoscope, Br J Vener Dis, 53, 311 van Ulsen, 1986, Experience with a modified solidphase enzyme immunoassay for detection of gonorrhea in prostitutes, Sex Transm Dis, 13, 1, 10.1097/00007435-198601000-00001 Rice, 1986, Treatment of uncomplicated infections due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A review of clinical efficacy and in vitro susceptibility studies from 1982 through 1985, JAMA, 255, 1739, 10.1001/jama.1986.03370130095031 Centers for Disease Control, 1984, Gonorrhea—United States 1983, MMWR, 33, 361 Centers for Disease Control, 1986, Plasmid-mediated tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae—Georgia, Massachusetts, Oregon, MMWR, 35, 304 Lim, 1984, Two dose augmentin treatment of acute gonorrhoea in men, Br J Vener Dis, 60, 161 Hook, 1985, Comparative trial of ciprofloxacin versus ampicillin plus probenecid for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea in men, 265, 139 Lutz, 1985, Ofloxacin for seven days and oflaxacin single dose for treatment of adults with acute urethritis, 266, 139 Schachter, 1985, Chlamydiae (Psittacosis-Lymphogranuloma venereum-Trachoma Group), 856 Sanders, 1986, Treatment of sexually transmitted chlamydial infections, JAMA, 255, 1750, 10.1001/jama.1986.03370130106033 Schachter, 1978, Chlamyddal infections, N Engl J Med, 298, 540, 10.1056/NEJM197803092981005 Arva, 1981, Epidemiological and clinical correlates of chlamydial infection of the cervix, Br J Vener Dis, 57, 118 Sweet, 1983, Chlamyddal infections in obstetrics and gynecology, Clin Obstet Gynecol, 26, 143, 10.1097/00003081-198303000-00019 Faro, 1985, Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women, J Reprod Med, 30, 273 Stamm, 1984, Chlamydia trachomatis urethral infections in men: Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical manifestations, Ann Intern Med, 100, 47, 10.7326/0003-4819-100-1-47 Bowie, 1977, Etiology of nongonococcal urethritis: Evidence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum, J Clin Invest, 59, 735, 10.1172/JCI108694 Stamm, 1984, Chlamydia trachomatis infections of the adult, 258 Lycke, 1980, The risk of transmission of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection is less than that of genital Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, Sex Transm Dis, 7, 6, 10.1097/00007435-198001000-00002 Stamm, 1980, Causes of the acute urethral syndrome in women, N Engl J Med, 303, 409, 10.1056/NEJM198008213030801 Komaroff, 1984, Acute dysuria in women, N Engl J Med, 310, 368, 10.1056/NEJM198402093100607 Jones, 1985, Chlamydia trachomatis in the pharynx and rectum of heterosexual patients at risk for genital infection, Ann Intern Med, 102, 757, 10.7326/0003-4819-102-6-757 Stamm, 1984, Effect of treatment regimens for Neisseria gonorrhoeae on simultaneous infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, N Engl J Med, 310, 545, 10.1056/NEJM198403013100901 Rompalo, 1986, Potential value of rectal-screening cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis in homosexual men, J Infect Dis, 153, 888, 10.1093/infdis/153.5.888 Quinn, 1981, Chlamydia trachomatis proctitis, N Engl J Med, 305, 195, 10.1056/NEJM198107233050404 Chernesky, 1986, Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigens by enzyme immunoassay and immunofluorescence in genital specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic men and women, J Infect Dis, 1541, 141, 10.1093/infdis/154.1.141 Tam, 1984, Culture-independent diagnosis of Chlarnydia trachomatis using monoclonal antibodies, N Engl J Med, 310, 1146, 10.1056/NEJM198405033101803 Williams, 1985, Identification of Chlamydia trachomatis by direct immunofluorescence applied in specimens originating in remote areas, J Clin Microbiol, 22, 1053, 10.1128/JCM.22.6.1053-1054.1985 Bowie, 1981, Therapy for nongonococcal urethritis. Double-blind randomized comparison of two doses and two durations of minocycline, Ann Intern Med, 95, 306, 10.7326/0003-4819-95-3-306 Oriel, 1983, Role of genital mycoplasmas in nongonococcal urethritis and prostatitis, Sex Transm Dis, 10, 263 Sturm, 1986, Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae in nongonococcal urethritis, J Infect Dis, 1531, 165, 10.1093/infdis/153.1.165 Bowie, 1976, Differential response of chlamydial and ureaplasma-associated urethritis to sulfafurazole (sulfizoxazole) and aminocyclitols, Lancet, 2, 1276, 10.1016/S0140-6736(76)92034-1 Krieger, 1984, Epididymitis, orchitis, and related conditions, Sex Transm Dis, 11, 173, 10.1097/00007435-198407000-00012 Meares, 1984, Prostatitis syndromes, 1 Weidner, 1980, Quantitative culture of Ureaplasma urealyticum in patients with chronic prostatitis or prostatosis, J Urol, 124, 622, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)55586-X Curran, 1980, Economic consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease in the United States, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 138, 848, 10.1016/0002-9378(80)91069-8 Clark, 1979, A study of tuboovarian abscess at Howard University Hospital (1965 through 1975), J Natl Med Assoc, 71, 1109 Westrom, 1980, Incidence, prevalence, and trends of acute pelvic inflammatory disease and its consequences in industrialized countries, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 138, 880, 10.1016/0002-9378(80)91077-7 Sweet, 1983, Failure of beta-lactam antibiotics to eradicate Chlamydia trachomatis in the endometrium despite apparent clinical cure of acute salpingitis, JAMA, 250, 2641, 10.1001/jama.1983.03340190043029 Sweet, 1985, Pelvic inflammatory disease, 53 Sweet, 1980, Microbiology and pathogenesis of acute salpingitis as determined by laparoscopy: What is the appropriate site to sample?, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 138, 985, 10.1016/0002-9378(80)91093-5 Sweet, 1986, The occurrence of chlamydial and gonococcal salpingitis during the menstrual cycle, JAMA, 255, 2062, 10.1001/jama.1986.03370150104037 1985, 1985 STD Treatment Guidelines, MMWR, 34, 4S Wasserheit, 1986, Microbial causes of proven pelvic inflammatory disease and efficacy of clindamycin and tobramycin, Ann Intern Med, 104, 187, 10.7326/0003-4819-104-2-187 Landers, 1983, Tuboovarian abscess: Contemporary approach to management, Rev Infect Dis, 5, 876, 10.1093/clinids/5.5.876 Landers, 1985, Current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of tuboovarian abscess, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 151, 1098, 10.1016/0002-9378(85)90392-8 Robertson, 1981, Failure to identify venereal disease in a lesbian population, Sex Transm Dis, 75, 10.1097/00007435-198104000-00008 Hansfield, 1984, Gonorrhea and uncomplicated gonococcal infection, Sex Transm Dis, 19, 205 Kinghorn, 1979, Prevalence of rectal and pharyngeal infection in women with gonorrhoea, Br J Vener Dis, 55, 408 Deheragoda, 1977, Diagnosis of rectal gonorrhoea by blind anorectal swabs compared with direct vision swabs taken via a proctoscope, Br J Vener Dis, 53, 311 Lebedeff, 1980, Rectal gonorrhea in men: Diagnosis and treatment, Ann Intern Med, 92, 463, 10.7326/0003-4819-92-4-463 Quinn, 1983, The polymicrobial origin of intestinal infections in homosexual men, N Engl J Med, 309, 576, 10.1056/NEJM198309083091002 Clements, 1935, The incidence of proctitis in gonorrhoea of females, Lancet, 2, 18, 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)09348-5 Brunet, 1936, Gonococcus infection of the anus and rectum in women: Its importance, frequency, and treatment, Am J Syph, 20, 37 Klein, 1977, Anorectal gonococcal infection, Ann Intern Med, 86, 340, 10.7326/0003-4819-86-3-340 Quinn, 1986, Clinical approach to intestinal infections in homosexual men, Med Clin North Am, 70, 611, 10.1016/S0025-7125(16)30942-7 William, 1981, Utility of anoscopy in the rapid diagnosis of symptomatic anorectal gonorrhea in men, Sex Transm Dis, 8, 16, 10.1097/00007435-198101000-00006 Judson, 1985, Comparative study of ceftriaxone and spectinomycin for treatment pharyngeal and anorectal gonorrhea, JAMA, 253, 1417, 10.1001/jama.1985.03350340069019 Hutton, 1973, Herpes simplex of penis and anus, Arch Dermatol, 108, 180, 10.1001/archderm.1973.01620250060024 Jacobs, 1976, Anal infections caused by herpes simplex virus, Dis Colon Rectum, 19, 151, 10.1007/BF02590871 Goodell, 1983, Herpes simplex virus proctitis in homosexual men, N Engl J Med, 308, 868, 10.1056/NEJM198304143081503 Owen, 1980, Sexually transmitted diseases and traumatic problems in homosexual men, Ann Intern Med, 92, 805, 10.7326/0003-4819-92-6-805 1979, Venereal Aspects of Gastroenterology, 130, 236 White, 1984, Systemic herpes simplex virus type II infection, Arch Intern Med, 144, 826, 10.1001/archinte.1984.00350160192032 Quinn, 1981, The etiology of anal rectal infection in homosexual men, Am J Med, 71, 395, 10.1016/0002-9343(81)90167-4 Kalb, 1986, Chronic perianal herpes simplex in immunocompromised hosts, Am J Med, 80, 486, 10.1016/0002-9343(86)90725-4 Siegal, 1981, Severe acquired immunodeficiency in male homosexuals, manifested by chronic perianal ulcerative herpes simplex lesions, N Engl J Med, 305, 1439, 10.1056/NEJM198112103052403 Rompaloam, 1985, Oral acyclovir versus placebo for treatment of herpes simplex virus proctitis in homosexual men, Clin Res, 33, 58A Smith, 1962, Infectious syphilis of the anal canal, MMWR, 10, 7 Samenius, 1968, Primary syphilis of the anal rectal region, Dis Colon Rectum, 11, 462, 10.1007/BF02616779 Quinn, 1982, Rectal mass caused by treponema pallidum: Confirmation by immunofluorescent staining, Gastroenterology, 82, 135, 10.1016/0016-5085(82)90136-6 Goldmeier, 1977, Isolation of chlamydia trachomatis from throat and rectum of homosexual men, Br J Vener Dis, 53, 184 Quinn, 1981, Chlamydia trachomatis proctitis, N Engl J Med, 305, 195, 10.1056/NEJM198107233050404 Levine, 1980, Chronic proctitis in male homosexuals due to lymphogranuloma venereum, Gastroenterology, 79, 563, 10.1016/0016-5085(80)90386-8 Miles, 1962, Lymphogranuloma of Anorectum, 55, 873 Kazal, 1976, The gay bowel syndrome: Clinicopathologic correlation in 260 cases, Ann Clin Lab Sci, 6, 184 Dritz, 1974, Shigella enteritis venerally transmitted, N Engl J Med, 291, 1194, 10.1056/NEJM197411282912223 Price, 1979, Acute diarrhoea: Campylobacter colitis and the role of rectal biopsy, J Clin Pathol, 32, 990, 10.1136/jcp.32.10.990 Ebright, 1984, Acute erosive reactive arthritis associated with campylobacter jejuni-incuded colitis, Am J Med, 76, 321, 10.1016/0002-9343(84)90794-0 Goodman, 1981, Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni: Experience in a large Chicago medical center, Am J Med Sci, 282, 125, 10.1097/00000441-198111000-00005 Anders, 1982, Double-blind placebo controlled trial of erythromycin for treatment of campylobacter enteritis, Lancet, 1, 131, 10.1016/S0140-6736(82)90380-4 Dritz, 1980, Medical aspects of homosexuality, N Engl J Med, 302, 463, 10.1056/NEJM198002213020811 Dritz, 1980, Sexually transmissible protozoal, bacterial and viral enteric infections, Compr Ther, 6, 34 Kean, 1979, Epidemic of amoebiasis and giardiasis in a biased population, Br J Vener Dis, 55, 375 McMillam, 1984, Amoebiasis in homosexual man, Gut, 25, 356, 10.1136/gut.25.4.356 Allason-Jones, 1986, Entamoeba Histolytical as a commensal intestinal parasite in homosexual men, N Engl J Med, 315, 353, 10.1056/NEJM198608073150603 Krogstad, 1986, Isoenzyme patterns and pathogenicity in amebic infection, N Engl J Med, 315, 390, 10.1056/NEJM198608073150609 Cooke, 1973, Cutaneous amoebiasis involving the anogenital region, J Med Assoc Thai, 56, 354 Chapel, 1977, Neisseria meningitidis in the anal canal of homosexual men, J Infect Dis, 136, 810, 10.1093/infdis/136.6.810 Judson, 1978, Anogenital infection with Neisseria meningitidis in homosexual men, J Infect Dis, 137, 458, 10.1093/infdis/137.4.458 Carlson, 1980, Isolation of Neisseria meningitidis from Anogenital specimens from homosexual men, Sex Transm Dis, 7, 71, 10.1097/00007435-198004000-00008 Givan, 1977, Isolation of Neisseria meningitidis from the urethra, cervix, and anal canal: Further observations, Br J Vener Dis, 53, 109 Fennell, 1985, Characterization of Campylobacter-like organisms isolated from homosexual men, J Infect Dis, 149, 58, 10.1093/infdis/149.1.58 Quinn, 1984, Infections with Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter-like organisms in homosexual men, Ann Intern Med, 101, 187, 10.7326/0003-4819-101-2-187 Pasternak, 1984, Bacteremia caused by Campylobacter-like organisms in two male homosexuals, Ann Intern Med, 101, 339, 10.7326/0003-4819-101-3-339