The observer effect in a hospital setting - Experiences from the observed and the observers

Robson, 2016 McCambridge, 2014, Systematic review of the Hawthorne effect: new concepts are needed to study research participation effects, J Clin Epidemiol, 67, 267, 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.08.015 Patton, 2002 Chen, 2015, The Hawthorne effect in infection prevention and epidemiology, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 36, 1444, 10.1017/ice.2015.216 Goodwin, 2017, The Hawthorne effect in direct observation research with physicians and patients, J Eval Clin Pract, 23, 1322, 10.1111/jep.12781 Fernald, 2012, An assessment of the Hawthorne Effect in practice-based research, J Am Board Fam Med, 25, 83, 10.3122/jabfm.2012.01.110019 Purssell, 2020, The Hawthorne effect on adherence to hand hygiene in patient care, J Hosp Infect, 106, 311, 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.028 Paradis, 2017, Beyond a good story: from Hawthorne Effect to reactivity in health professions education research, Med Educ, 51, 31, 10.1111/medu.13122 Levitt, 2011, Was there really a Hawthorne effect at the Hawthorne plant? An analysis of the original illumination experiments, Am Econ J Appl Econ, 3, 224, 10.1257/app.3.1.224 Richards, 2000, The 'doctor' or the 'girl from the University'? Considering the influence of professional roles on qualitative interviewing, Fam Pract, 17, 71, 10.1093/fampra/17.1.71 Eidhammer Rognan, 2021, Discharge processes and medicines communication from the patient position. A qualitative study at an internal medicines ward in Norway, Health Expect, 1 Eidhammer Rognan S, Kälvemark Sporrong S, Bengtsson K, et al. Empowering the patient? Medicines communication during hospital discharge: a qualitative study at an internal medicines ward in Norway. BMJ Open. Accepted. Kitzinger, 1995, Qualitative research: introducing focus groups, Br Med J, 311, 299, 10.1136/bmj.311.7000.299 Tong, 2007, Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups, Int J Qual Health Care, 19, 349, 10.1093/intqhc/mzm042 Malterud, 2012, Systematic text condensation: a strategy for qualitative analysis, Scand J Publ Health, 40, 795, 10.1177/1403494812465030 Melby, 2007 Bowling, 2002 Tausch, 2016, Methodological aspects of focus groups in health research: results of qualitative interviews with focus group moderators, Glob Qual Nurs Res, 3 Malterud, 2016, Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power, Qual Health Res, 26, 1753, 10.1177/1049732315617444