The need and demand for renal replacement therapy in ethnic minorities in England.

Stevens A, Gabbay J. Needs assessment, needs assessment. Health Trends 1991;32:20-3.

Feest TG, Mistry CD, Grimes DS. Mallick NP. Incidence ofadvanced chronic renal failure and the need for endstage replacement treatment. BMJ 1990;301:897-900.

McGeown MG. Prevalence of advanced renal failure in Northern Ireland. BMJ 1990;301:900-3.

Khan IH, Catto GRD, Edward N, McLeod AM. Chronic renal failure: factors influencing nephrology referral. Q J Med 1994;87:559-64.

Renal Association. The provision of services for adult patients with renal disease in the United Kingdom. London: Renal Association, 1991.

London Renal Services Review Group. Report of an independent review ofspecialist services in London. Renal. London: HMSO, 1993.

Roderick PJ, Jones I, Raleigh VS, McGeown M, Mallick N. Population need for renal replacement therapy in Thames regions: ethnic dimension. BM3t 1994;309:1111-4.

Rostand SG, Kirk K, Rutsky E, Pate B. Racial differences in the incidence of treatment of end-stage renal disease. N Engl J Med 1982;306:1276-9.

Hiatt RA, Friedman DG. Characteristics ofpatients referred for treatment of endstage renal disease-in a defined population. Am J Public Health 1982;72:829-33.

United States Renal Data Systems. 1993 Annual data report. Bethesda, MA. US Department of Health and Human Services, 1993.

Soni Raleigh V, Balarajan R. Public health and the 1991 Census. Non-random underenumeration complicates interpretation. BMJ 1994;309:287-8.

Glover GR. Sex ratio errors in census data. BMJ 1993;37: 506.

Mather HW, Keen H. The Southall diabetes survey; the prevalence of known diabetes in Asians and Europeans. BMJ7 1985;291:1081-4.

Simmons D, Williams DRR, Powell MJ. Prevalence of diabetes in a predominantly Asian community: preliminary findings of the Coventry diabetes study. BMJ 1989;298: 18-21.

McKeigue PM, Shah B, Marmot MG. Relation of central obesity and insulin resistance with high diabetes prevalence and cardiovascular risk in South Asians. Lancet 1991:337: 382-6.

Balarajan R, Bulusu L. Mortality among migrants in England and Wales, 1979-83. In: Britton M ed. Mortality and geography: a review in the mid-1980s, England and Wales. OPCS Series DS no 9, 103-21 (see appendix tables). London: HMSO, 1990.

Burden AC, McNally P, Feehally K, Walls J. Increased incidence of end stage renal failure secondary to diabetes mellitus in Asian ethnic groups in the United Kingdom. Diabet Med 1992;9:641-5.

Clark TJ, Richards NT, Adu D, Michael J. Increased prevalence of dialysis dependent renal failure in ethnic minorities in the West Midlands. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1993;8: 146-8.

Pazianas M, Eastwood J, MacRae K, Phillips M. Racial origin and primary renal diagnosis in 771 patients with end stage renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991;6: 931-5.

Lightstone L, Rees AJ, Tomson C, Walls J, Winnearls CJ, Feehally J. High incidence of endstage renal disease in Asians in the UK. QJrMed 1995;88(3):167-73.

McLellan W, Tuttle E, Issa A. Racial differences in the incidence of hypertensive end stage renal disease (ERSD) are not entirely explained by differences in the prevalence of hypertension. Am 7 Kid Dis 1988;4:285-90.

Shulman NB, Dallas Hall W. Renal vascular disease in African-Americans and other racial minorities. Circulation 1991;83: 1487-9.

Whittle JC, Whelton PK, Seidler A, Klag M. Does racial variation in risk factors explain black-white differences in the incidence of hypertensive end-stage renal disease. Arch Intern Med 1991;151:1359-64.

Brancati F, Whittle J, Welton P, Seidler A, Klag M. The excess incidence of diabetic end stage renal disease among blacks. 7AMA 1992;268:3079-84.

Cowie CC, Port FK, Wolfe RA, Savage PJ, Hawthorne VM. Disparities between incidence of diabetic end stage renal disease by diabetic type. Diabetes 1990;321:1074-9.

Allawi J, Rao PV, Gilbert R et al. Microalbuminuria in noninsulin dependent diabetics: its prevalence in Indian as compared with Europid patients. BMJ 1988;296:462-4.

Samanta A, Burden AC, Feehally J, Walls J. Diabetic renal disease: differences between Asians and white patients. BMJ 1986;293:366-7.

Dalziel M, Garrett C. Intraregional variation in the treatment of end-stage renal failure. BMg 1987;294:1382-3.

Wood IT, Mallick NP, Wing AJ. Prediction of resources needed to achieve the national target for treatment of renal failure. BMJ7 1987;294:1467-70.