Thực vật mạch máu tự nhiên hóa của khu vực Malesia

Biological Invasions - Tập 25 - Trang 1339-1357 - 2023
Rachael Holmes1, Pieter Pelser2, Julie Barcelona2, Sri Sudarmiyati Tjitrosoedirdjo3, Indah Wahyuni3, Mark van Kleunen4,5, Petr Pyšek6,7, Franz Essl8, Holger Kreft9, Wayne Dawson10, Lahiru Wijedasa11,12, Alessandra Kortz6, Martin Hejda6, Juan Carlos Berrio1, Iskandar Siregar13, Mark Williams1
1School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
2School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
3SEAMEO BIOTROP, Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia
4Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
5Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
6Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
7Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
8BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology-Group, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
9Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
10Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
11Birdlife International Asia, Singapore, Singapore
12Conservation Links Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
13Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia

Tóm tắt

Có những khoảng cách lớn về báo cáo và khả năng tiếp cận dữ liệu phân bố loài thực vật tự nhiên hóa, đặc biệt là ở Đông Nam Á. Bài báo này trình bày cơ sở dữ liệu Flora ngoại lai tự nhiên hóa Malesia (MalNAF), danh sách kiểm tra đầu tiên theo tiêu chuẩn ở cấp độ nhóm đảo về các loài thực vật mạch máu tự nhiên hóa cho khu vực thực vật học Malesia. Chúng tôi đã sử dụng MalNAF để điều tra thành phần, nguồn gốc và sở thích môi trường sống của hệ thực vật tự nhiên hóa. Hệ thực vật mạch máu tự nhiên hóa của Malesia bao gồm ít nhất 1177 loài. Sự phong phú của các loài là cao nhất ở Philippines (539 loài) và thấp nhất ở quần đảo Maluku (87 loài). Tuy nhiên, các đảo Tiểu Sunda có sự phong phú cao nhất về số loài tự nhiên hóa so với sự phong phú của loài bản địa và Singapore có sự phong phú loài thực vật tự nhiên hóa cao hơn so với dự đoán dựa trên kích thước của nó. Khi so sánh dữ liệu cho Malesia với một tập dữ liệu toàn cầu, chúng tôi phát hiện rằng sự phong phú tự nhiên hóa tăng theo diện tích đối với các đảo nhưng không áp dụng được cho các vùng lục địa. Trên toàn bộ quần đảo, có 31 loài phân bố rộng rãi, xảy ra ở mỗi nhóm đảo, nhưng phần lớn có phân bố hạn chế với 2.4 ± 2.3 (trung bình ± SD) nhóm đảo cho mỗi loài tự nhiên hóa. Các loài thực vật tự nhiên hóa đại diện cho 150 họ, trong đó có hai mươi họ mới được giới thiệu vào khu vực này. Các họ giàu loài thực vật tự nhiên hóa nhất ở Malesia là Fabaceae (= Leguminosae) (160 loài), Poaceae (= Gramineae) (138 loài) và Asteraceae (= Compositae) (96 loài). Hầu hết những loài này có vùng bản địa bao gồm châu Á nhiệt đới, song song với đó là những loài từ Nam Mỹ (bao gồm cả vùng Caribbean, Trung và Nam Mỹ), mặc dù ở cấp độ nhóm đảo, phần lớn có tỷ lệ cao hơn với vùng bản địa Nam Mỹ. Hầu hết các loài tự nhiên hóa xảy ra trong môi trường sống nhân tạo, nhưng nhiều loài hiện diện trong các môi trường sống "tự nhiên" với số loài ít hơn, chẳng hạn như Leucaena leucocephala, được báo cáo từ các môi trường sống chuyên biệt như vùng khô. MalNAF cung cấp một cơ sở cho các nghiên cứu trong tương lai về sự phân bố của các loài thực vật tự nhiên hóa trong khu vực.

Từ khóa

#trong khu vực Malesia #thực vật mạch máu #loài tự nhiên hóa #Biodiversity #Ecological Distribution #Environmental Preferences

Tài liệu tham khảo

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