The mobile termination rate debate in Africa

Emerald - Tập 14 Số 4 - Trang 5-20 - 2012
ChristophStork1
1Senior Researcher at Research ICT Africa and Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Tóm tắt

PurposeThis paper aims to demonstrate that call termination is not one side of a two‐sided market and that a “waterbed effect” does not exist for calling‐party's‐network‐pays (CPNP) markets where mobile termination rates are being reduced towards the cost of an efficient operator.Design/methodology/approachThe cases of Namibia, Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria and Botswana are investigated and the impact of cost‐based termination rates on subscriber numbers, investment and profits of dominant operators is analysed.FindingsIn Kenya, the reduction in mobile termination rates in August 2010 led to an immediate reduction in retail prices, allowing smaller operators to compete with dominant operators. In Namibia, lower retail prices led to an expansion of the market, which, in turn, led to higher investment and profits for the dominant operator. On the strength of the most recent empirical evidence from Africa, the paper shows that cost‐based mobile termination rates increase competition between operators and lead to lower prices, more subscribers and more investment in networks and services.Originality/valueThe paper provides empirical evidence for five African countries on impact on regulatory interventions.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Botswana Telecommunications Authority (BTA) (2011), “Media release – BTA directs public telecommunications operators to reduce prices”, 11 February, available at: www.bta.org.bw/docs/documents/BTA_DIRECTS_PUBLIC_TELECOMMUNICATIONS_TO_REDUCE_PRICES.pdf (accessed 20 March 2012).

Communications Commission of Kenya (CCK) (2007), “Determination on retail and interconnection rates among the fixed and mobile telecommunications networks in Kenya: Interconnection Determination No. 1 of 2007”, available at: available at: www.cck.go.ke/regulations/downloads/Retail_Interconnection_Rates_Fixed_Mobile_Telecoms.pdf (accessed 20 March 2012).

Communications Commission of Kenya (CCK) (2010), “Determination on interconnections rates for fixed and mobile telecommunications networks, infrastructure sharing and co‐location, and broadband interconnection services in Kenya: Interconnection Determination No. 2 of 2010”, available at: www.cck.go.ke/regulations/downloads/interconnection_determination_no2_2010.pdf (accessed 20 March 2012).

Communications Commission of Kenya (CCK) (2011), “Quarterly sector statistics report, 1st quarter July‐Sept 2010/2011”, available at: ‐www.cck.go.ke/resc/statistics/SECTOR_STATISTICS_REPORT_Q1_1011.pdf (accessed 20 March 2012).

European Regulators Group (ERG) (2006), “ERG (06) 59, MTR update snapshot”, available at: www.erg.eu.int (accessed 19 March 2012).

European Regulators Group (ERG) (2010), “ERG (09) 35, MTR snapshot as of 1st July 2009”, available at: www.erg.eu.int (accessed19 March 2012).

European Union (EU) (2009), “Commission recommendation of 7.5.2009 on the regulatory treatment of fixed and mobile termination rates in the EU”, available at: http://ec.europa.eu/governance/impact/ia_carried_out/docs/ia_2009/c_2009_3359_en.pdf (accessed 20 March 2012).

Genakos, C. and Valletti, T. (2007), “Testing the ‘waterbed’ effect in mobile telephony: the economics of mobile prices”, Vodafone Policy Paper Series, No. 7, November.

Genakos, C. and Valletti, T. (2009), “Testing the ‘waterbed’ effect in mobile telephony”, available at: www.sel.cam.ac.uk/Genakos/Genakos&Valletti‐Waterbed%20effect%20v_2(core).pdf (accessed 20 March 2012).

Growitsch, C., Marcus, S. and Wernick, C. (2010), “The effects of lower mobile termination rates (MTRs) on retail price and demand”, available at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1586464 (accessed 20 March 2012).

Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) (2010), “Call termination regulations”, available at: www.icasa.org.za/Portals/0/Regulations/Regulations/Call%20Termination/Regulations/Call%20Termination%20Regulations%2033698.pdf (accessed 12 March 2012).

Information and Communication Technology Authority of Mauritius (ICTA) (2008), “Telecommunication Directive 1 of 2008”, available at: www.icta.mu/laws/tel2008/tel_dir_1_2008.pdf (accessed 20 March 2012).

MTN (2011), “Final audited results, year ended 31 December 2010”, available at: www.mtn.com/Investors/Notices/Presentations/ar_2010_presentation.pdf.

Namibian Communications Commission (NCC) (2009a), available at: www.ncc.org.na/admin/data/Publications/Namibia%20Interconnection%20Study.pdf.

Namibian Communications Commission (NCC) (2009b), available at: www.ncc.gov.ng/RegulatorFramework/Legal‐Determination_Voice_SMS_Determination_Rate.pdf.

Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) (2006), “OECD telecoms price benchmarking baskets”, available at: www.teligen.com/publications/oecd.pdf (accessed 20 March 2012).

Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) (2007), OECD Communications Outlook 2007, OECD Publishing, Paris.

Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) (2009), OECD Communications Outlook 2009, OECD Publishing, Paris.

Sandbach, J. and Hooft, L. (2009), “Estimating the impact of telecommunications policies on mobile penetration and usage”, paper presented at the Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, 25‐27 September, available at: www.tprcweb.com/jdownloads/2009/Mobile%20Phones%20Adoption%20and%20Use/tprc‐2009‐mpau‐1.pdf (accessed 20 March 2012).

Stork, C. (2011), “Mobile termination benchmarking: the case of Namibia”, info, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 5‐31.

Telecommunications Management Group (TMG) (2010), “Mobile termination rate update 2010”, available at: www.tmgtelecom.com (accessed 19 March 2012).

Veronese, B. and Pesendorfer, M. (2009), “Wholesale termination regime, termination charge levels and mobile industry performance”, available at: http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/consultations/mobilecallterm/annexes/annex7.pdf (accessed 20 March 2012).

Zambia Information and Communication Technologies Authority (ZICTA) (2010), speech by the Director General of the Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority, available at: www.caz.zm/index.php/download‐section/doc_download/46‐determination‐of‐interconnection‐rates‐speech.html (accessed 20 March 2012).

Safaricom (2010), “Safaricom 2010 annual report”, available at: www.safaricom.co.ke/fileadmin/Investor_Relations/Documents/Digital_results/annual_report_2010/index.html (accessed 20 March 2012).

Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority (TCRA) (2007), “Determination on review of telecommunications network interconnection rates in the United Republic of Tanzania, issued in 2007: Interconnection Determination No. 2”, available at: www.tcra.go.tz/publications/determination2_of_07.pdf (accessed 20 March 2012).