The method of forecasting squalls using thermodynamic atmospheric parameters and the Ertel potential vorticity
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
A. A. Alekseeva, “Methods of Forecasting Maximum Amount of Precipitation in Active Convection Zones and Alternative Forecasting of Heavy Showers and Squalls,” in Results of Tests of New and Improved Technologies, Models, and Methods of Hydrometeorological Forecasts. Information Collection No. 34, Ed. by G. K. Veselova (Vektor-Tis, Nizhny Novgorod, 2007) [in Russian].
E. V. Vasil’ev, A. A. Alekseeva, and B. E. Peskov, “Conditions for Formation and Short-range Forecasting of Severe Squalls,” Meteorol. Gidrol., No. 1 (2009) [Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol., No. 1, 34 (2009)].
R. M. Vil’fand, G. S. Rivin, and I. A. Rozinkina, “COSMO-RU System of Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Short-range Weather Forecast of the Hydrometcenter of Russia: the First Stage of Realization and Development,” Meteorol. Gidrol., No. 8 (2010) [Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol., No. 8, 35 (2010)].
E. V. Perekhodtseva, “The Forecast of Severe Squalls and Tornadoes in Summer 2009 Based on Statistical Models,” Trudy Gidromettsentra Rossii, No. 344 (2010) [in Russian].
B. E. Peskov and A. I. Snitkovskii, “On the Forecast of Severe Squalls,” Meteorol. Gidrol., No. 7 (1968) [in Russain].
Manual on Short-Range Weather Forecasting, Part 1 (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1986) [in Russian].
Manual on Forecasting Meteorological Conditions for Aviation (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1985) [in Russian].
Guidance Document. Methodological Instructions. Carrying Out In-Process (Operational) Tests of New and Improved Methods of Hydrometeorological and Heliogeophysical Forecasts (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1991) [in Russian].
N. P. Shakina, Dynamics of Atmospheric Fronts and Cyclones (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1985) [in Russian].
N. P. Shakina, E. N. Skriptunova, and A. R. Ivanova, “Objective Analysis of Atmospheric Fronts and Estimation of Its Efficiency,” Meteorol. Gidrol., No. 7 (2000) [Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol., No. 7 (2000)].
Yu. I. Yusupov, “On the Problem of Operational Squall Forecast,” Trudy Gidromettsentra Rossii, No. 342 (2008) [in Russian].
S. A. Braun and R. A. Houze, Jr., “The Heat and Potential Vorticity Budgets of a Midlatitude Squall Line,” in Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Mesoscale Processes (Portland, AMS, 1994).
C. A. Doswell and L. F. Bosart, Extratropical Synoptic-scale Processes and Severe Convection. A Meteorological Monograph (Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 2000).
R. F. A. Hertenstein and W. H. Schubert, “Potential Vorticity Anomalies Associated with Squall Lines,” Mon. Wea. Rev., 119 (1991).
T. Hewson, “Objective Fronts,” Meteorol. Appl., No. 1, 5 (1998).
J. R. Holton, An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, 4th ed. (Elsevier Academic Press, 2004).
B. J. Hoskins, M. E. McIntyre, and A. W. Robertson, “On the Use and Significance of Isentropic Potential Vorticity Maps,” Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., No. 111 (1985).
F. Huber-Pock and Ch. Kress, “An Operational Model of Objective Frontal Analysis Based on ECMWF Products,” Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., No. 2, 40 (1989).
D. J. Raymond and H. Jiang, “A Theory for Long-lived Mesoscale Convective Systems,” J. Atmos. Sci., No. 24, 47 (1990).
